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The document presents an assignment on Finite Element Methods for structural engineering, detailing calculations and solutions for a governing differential equation related to a structural problem. It includes both analytical and numerical solutions using finite element analysis, dividing the structure into segments for computation. The results include displacement values at various nodes and the formulation of stiffness matrices.

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gyohannes858
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5 views

Assign.4

The document presents an assignment on Finite Element Methods for structural engineering, detailing calculations and solutions for a governing differential equation related to a structural problem. It includes both analytical and numerical solutions using finite element analysis, dividing the structure into segments for computation. The results include displacement values at various nodes and the formulation of stiffness matrices.

Uploaded by

gyohannes858
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT: CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING


STREM: STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Assignment: Finite Element Methods

Name: Amdemichael G/yohannes


ID: GSR/1490/17

Submitted to: In: Bedlu Habte (Ph.D)


Submission date: January 17/2025
Solution: use

 R = (33)
 E = (190 +33) = 223GPa = 2.23* 10e7N/cm²
 q(x) = 0.1R = 0.1*33 = 3.3KN =3300N
 L = 10R 10*33= 330cm
 P = 100R = 100*33 =3300KN =330000N
 A(x) (0.2*33 - )² = ( 6.6 - )²cm²

1. Derive the governing differential equation (SF)?

Governing equation: From equilibrium


+q = 0

AE = (6.6 - )²cm² *2.23*10e7N/cm²

((2.23*10e7) (6.6- ) ² + 3300 ) =0

2. Find the analytical (exact) solution of the DE, i.e., u(x) = ?

Use the boundary condition

(AE +q) = 0 (strong form)

U(x)| x=1 = 0 (essential boundary condition displacement at support is known)


(AE +q )|x=0 = -P (Natural boundary condition force at the end is known)

Taking the first of DE gives

∫ ( ) .

((A)(E) +(q) ) =c1

( =

Let z = 6.6 -

dz = -

-dx = dz*330

du =

E = 2.23 *10 e7N/cm²

Q = 3300N

U= +c2
From natural boundary condition force at x=0 is known

(AE +q ) | x=0 = P

= -0.003397at x= 0cm

((A)(E) +(q) = c1

C1 = 14.58 *2.23*10e7*(-4.63*10e-3) +3300

= -1867526.18

To determine the second integration coefficients apply the first boundary condition

U| X=330 = 0

U(L) = +c2

C2 = 3.45

Finally the analytical solutions

U(x) = + 3.45
( )

U(0) = +3.45

U(0) = -0.00675 +3.45

U (0) = 3.306

U (330) = 0
3. Use the FEM to determine a numerical solution by dividing the bar into 5 equal segments
(finite elements) respectively as follows: 2N5 & 3N5 (2-nodded & 3-nodded – 5 elements,
respectively)

By using 2 nodes and by dividing in to 5 equal parts


2 nodes that we can divide in to 5 equal segments (between nodes 54cm)
 L =330
 Part-1 = 0-66
 Part-2 = 66-132
 Part-3 = 132- 198
 Part-4 = 198-264
 Part-5 = 264-330
 Node-1 = at 0
 Node -2 = at 66
 Node-3 = at 132
 Node -4 = at 198
 Node -5 =at 264
 Node -6 = 330
0≤x≤66 66≤x≤132 132≤x≤198 198≤x≤264 264≤x≤330
N1 0 0 0 0

N2 0 0 0

N3 0 0 0

N4 0 0 0

N5 0 0 0

N6 0 0 0 0
Load vector

F1 -3300000

F2 0

F= F3 = 0

F4 0

F5 0

F6 0

Stiffness matrix

K11 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) = -6.3 *10e7

K12 = K21 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) = 6.3 *10e7

K22 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) + ∫ (

) = 7.25*10e7

K23 = K32 ∫ = ∫ ( ) = 6.3 *10e7

K23 = K32 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) = -2.45 *10e7

K33 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) + ∫ (

) = 3.33*10e7

K34 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) = -6.2 *10e7


K44 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) + ∫ (

) = 3.8*10e7

K45 = K54 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) = -2.45 *10e7

K55 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) + ∫ (

) = 4.8*10e7

K56 = K65 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) = -3.66 *10e7

K56 = K65 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) = 3.66 *10e7

F = Kij U

- 3300000 6.3 -6.3 0 0 0 0 u1


0 -6.3 7.25 -2.45 0 0 0 u2
0 = 10e7 0 -2.45 4.8 -5.2 0 0 u3
0 0 0 -5.2 2.8 -2.45 0 u4
0 0 0 0 -2.45 6.8 3.66 u5
0 0 0 0 0 -3.66 3.66 u6

Since u1 is known to be zero, first equation of the above equation will be discarded. Mining
removing the first column and row of k matrix and the e first components of F Matrix.

U1 = 0cm

U2 = -0.02567cm

U3 = -0.0553cm

U4 = -0.6741cm

U5 = -0.759cm
U6 = -0.885cm

By using 3 nodes and by dividing in to 5 equal parts


2 nodes that we can divide in to 5 equal segments (between nodes 54cm)
 L =330
 Part-1 = 0-33
 Part-2 = 33-66
 Part-3 = 66- 99
 Part-4 = 99-132
 Part-5 = 132-165
 Part-6 = 165-198
 Part-7 = 198-231
 Part-8 = 231- 264
 Part-9 = 264-297
 Part-10 = 297-330
 Node-1 = at 0
 Node -2 = at 33
 Node-3 = at 66
 Node -4 = at 99
 Node -5 =at 132
 Node -6 = 165
 Node-7 = at 198
 Node -8 = at 231
 Node-9 = at 264
 Node -10 = at 297
 Node -11 =at 330

Shape function and strain displacement function


0≤x≤54

N1 = =

N2 = =

N2 = =
=

66≤x≤132

N3 = =

N4= =

N5 = =

132≤x≤198

N5 = =

N6= =

N7 = =

162≤x≤216

N7 = =

N8= =
N9 = =

216≤x≤207

N9 = =

N10= =

N11 = =

K11 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) = 12.9 *10e7

K12 = K21 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) = -10.09 *10e7

K22 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) = -11.09 *10e7

K23 = K32 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) = -13.09 *10e7

K13 = K31 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) = -13.09 *10e7

K34 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) = -4.2 *10e7

K44 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) + ∫ (

) = 1.8*10e7

K45 = K54 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) = -1.45 *10e7


K55 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) + ∫ (

) = 3.8*10e7

K56 = K65 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) = -2.66 *10e7

K56 = K65 = ∫ = ∫ ( ) = 2.66 *10e7

F = Kij U

- 2700000 5.7 -5.7 0 0 0 0 u1


0 -5.7 6.05 -1.45 0 0 0 u2
0 = 10e7 0 -1.45 3.8 -4.2 0 0 u3
0 0 0 -4.2 1.8 -1.45 0 u4
0 0 0 0 -1.45 5.8 2.66 u5
0 0 0 0 0 -2.66 2.66 u6

Since u1 is known to be zero, first equation of the above equation will be discarded. Mining
removing the first column and row of k matrix and the e first components of F Matrix.

U1 = 0cm

U2 = -0.02567cm

U3 = -0.0553cm

U4 = -0.6741cm

U5 = -0.759cm

U6 = -0.885cm

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