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Daa CBS

The document outlines fundamental data structures used in algorithm design, including arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, heaps, graphs, and hash tables, each serving distinct purposes. It emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate data structures for efficiency, problem modeling, and flexibility in algorithm design. Additionally, it discusses specific data structures like heaps, hash tables, tries, and segment trees, highlighting their applications and benefits in system design, such as efficient retrieval, improved time complexity, scalability, resource optimization, and maintainability.

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8 views2 pages

Daa CBS

The document outlines fundamental data structures used in algorithm design, including arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, heaps, graphs, and hash tables, each serving distinct purposes. It emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate data structures for efficiency, problem modeling, and flexibility in algorithm design. Additionally, it discusses specific data structures like heaps, hash tables, tries, and segment trees, highlighting their applications and benefits in system design, such as efficient retrieval, improved time complexity, scalability, resource optimization, and maintainability.

Uploaded by

gkeerthana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTENT BEYOND SYLLABUS

FUNDAMENTALS OF DATA STUCTURES USED IN ALGORITHM DESIGN

The fundamental data structures used in algorithm design include: arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues,
trees (including binary search trees), heaps, graphs, and hash tables; each serving a different purpose
depending on the problem you're trying to solve, with arrays being considered the most basic structure
due to their simple sequential storage mechanism.
Key points about these data structures:

Arrays:

A collection of elements of the same data type stored in contiguous memory locations, allowing
for fast access to elements using an index.

Linked Lists:
A collection of nodes where each node contains data and a pointer to the next node, allowing for dynamic
memory allocation and insertion/deletion at any position.
Stacks:
A LIFO (Last In First Out) data structure, where elements are added and removed only from the top.
Queues:
A FIFO (First In First Out) data structure, where elements are added at the back and removed from the
front.
Trees:
A hierarchical data structure where nodes are connected in a parent-child relationship, often used for
searching and sorting operations.
Heaps:
A tree-based structure where each node is either greater than or less than all its children (depending on the
type of heap), commonly used for priority queue implementations.
Graphs:
A collection of nodes (vertices) connected by edges, representing relationships between data points.
Hash Tables:
A data structure that uses a hash function to map keys to storage locations, allowing for fast key-value
lookups.

Why are data structures important in algorithm design?

 Efficiency:

Different data structures have different access and manipulation complexities, so choosing the
right one can significantly impact the performance of an algorithm.

Problem Modeling:
Data structures allow you to represent real-world problems in a way that can be easily processed by an
algorithm.
Flexibility:
By combining different data structures, you can design algorithms to solve complex problems.

Data Structures for Optimization of Systems


 Heaps and Priority Queues

o Description: Data structures that maintain the highest (or lowest) priority element
efficiently.

o Application: Used in scheduling algorithm, Dijkstra's algorithm, and Huffman coding.

 Hash Tables

o Description: Allows for fast data retrieval using a key-value pair.

o Application: Efficient in implementing caches, dictionaries, and symbol tables.

 Trie

o Description: An ordered tree data structure used to store a dynamic set or associative
array.

o Application: Used in IP routers for routing table lookup and autocomplete systems.

 Segment Trees

o Description: A tree data structure for storing intervals, or segments.

o Application: Useful in range query problems like finding the sum of elements in an array
within a given range.

Benefits of DSA in System Design

 Efficient Retrieval and Storage: DSA helps in choosing appropriate data structures based on the
specific requirements of the system. This selection ensures efficient data retrieval and storage,
optimizing the use of memory and reducing access times.

 Improved Time Complexity: Algorithms determine the efficiency of operations in a system. By


using optimized algorithms with minimal time complexity, system designers can ensure that
critical tasks, such as searching, sorting, and updating data, are performed quickly.

 Scalability: DSA aids in the design of scalable solutions by selecting algorithms and data
structures that can manage growing data volumes without experiencing significant performance
decreases.

 Resource Optimization: DSA makes it easier to use system resources like memory and
computing power effectively. For example, choosing the appropriate data structures can lower
memory overhead, and using algorithms that are efficient can result in computations that are
completed more quickly.

 Maintainability and Extensibility: Well-designed data structures and algorithms contribute to


code maintainability and extensibility. Clear and modular implementations make it easier to
understand and modify the system over time.

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