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TD SS 2 - Wk1-2 Lesson Note

The lesson plan for SS. 2 Science focuses on the topic of Loci, covering definitions, types, and practical applications over six periods from September 4 to 15, 2023. Students will learn to define various types of loci, understand their applications, and plot loci of points on mechanisms. The plan includes instructional materials, evaluation methods, and assignments to reinforce learning.

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25 views3 pages

TD SS 2 - Wk1-2 Lesson Note

The lesson plan for SS. 2 Science focuses on the topic of Loci, covering definitions, types, and practical applications over six periods from September 4 to 15, 2023. Students will learn to define various types of loci, understand their applications, and plot loci of points on mechanisms. The plan includes instructional materials, evaluation methods, and assignments to reinforce learning.

Uploaded by

Triplejayart
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK ONE - TWO (1-2) ENDING 15thSEPTEMBER 2023

DATE: 4th – 15th September 2023


CLASS: SS. 2 Science
SUBJECT: Technical Drawing
TOPIC: Loci
SUBTOPIC: (i) Introduction of loci - definition and types - Conic sections
(ii) Various types of Loci and their practical applications
(iii) The Locus of a point Mechanism

PERIODS: 6
DURATION: 240 minutes

REFERENCE BOOKS: Technical Drawing for Senior School and College by osuji and Akano.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: (i) Technical Drawing drawing materials

OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lessons, students should be able to:


i. Define loci and the various types
ii. Understand the application of the various types of loci
iii. To identify and construct different types of loci
iv. Plot the loci of points on different link mechanisms.

KEY VOCABULARIES: Studio

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: Students should know about the different types of loci and their
construction.

CONTENT:

LOCI
WHEN a point moves according to a given law its path is said to be a locus.
Example of loci include, circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, cycloid, involute, Archimedean spiral
The locus of point equidistant from a point is called a circle. While the locus of points equidistant from two points is a
straight line.

Conic Sections
The conic sections are the shapes which results when a cone is cut from different positions.
The conic sections are triangle, circle , ellipse, parabola and hyperbola.

Various types of Loci and their practical applications


1. Ellipse: is a plane figure bounded by a curved line (circumference) with two diameters [major and minor axis]. Ellipse
used in astronomy for describing the orbits of planets and satellites. They are also used in architecture for designing
curved elements like arches and windows.

2. Archimedean Spiral:is a locus of point which moves uniformly along a given line which rotates uniformly about a fixed
point. A.S are seen in architecture for designing spiral structures such as stairs and ramps. In the automotive industry,
they are utilized in the design of spiral-shaped springs and certain components.

3. Parabola: is the locus of a point which moves so that its distances from a fixed point, the focus, and a fixed straight
line, the directrix, are always equal. Parabolic curves have applications in optics, where they are used to design
reflectors in headlights, telescopes, and satellite dishes. In engineering, parabolas are used in designing bridges, arches,
and specific types of antennas. They are also employed in physics to model projectile motion and calculate trajectories.

4. Hyperbola: The hyperbola is the locus of a point which moves so that the ratio of its distances from the focus and
directrix is constant and greater than 1. The eccentricity is thus greater than 1. Hyperbolic curves find usage in physics to
model the paths of charged particles in electromagnetic fields. In telecommunications, they are used for designing
satellite orbits and antenna reflector shapes. Hyperbolas also have architectural applications, particularly in decorative
shapes and forms.

5. Involute: is a locus of a free end of a thread as it is unwound/unrolled from a circle (or any shaped object). Involute
curves are important in gear design, ensuring smooth and efficient engagement between gear teeth. They are also
utilized in the design of springs, such as helical extension springs.

6. Cycloid: is a locus of a point on the circumference of a circle rolling along a fixed straight line without slippery. Cycloid
are used in mechanics to model the path traced by a point on a rolling wheel. In engineering, they find application in
designing gear teeth for smoother motion and reduced wear.

The locus of a point on a mechanism


In the design of mechanisms it is frequently necessary to determine the locus of a point on the mechanism so that the
forces present may be found and clearances checked. The locus may be plotted by drawing the mechanism in several
positions and marking the position of the tracing point on each. A curve through these points will be the required
locus.
Examples are given on page 37. Example 1 shows a crank and connecting rod mechanism. The end B of the connecting
rod is constrained to move along the line CO, while the crank AO rotates about O. To plot the locus of P, divide the circle
through A into a number of equal parts, twelve for convenience. From each point on the circle plot a corresponding
position for B on CO, and draw AB in twelve positions.
Plot P on each position of AB and, using a french curve, complete the
locus as shown.

Some exercise to practice

22 In the given mechanism on page 41, the crank OA revolves anti- clockwise about O. The end B of the rod AB is
constrained to move always along PQ. Plot the locus of R for one revolution of OA if OA is 30 cm, AB is 105 cm and AR is
70 Col. Scale 1 mm to 1 cm.
23 The crank OA revolves anti-clockwise about 0, and B moves to and fro along the horizontal line through O. Plot the
locus of P if OA is 30 mm, AB is 95 mm and AP is 20 mm.
24 The rod AB moves so that A is always on OY and B is always on OX. Plot the locus of P for the maximum movements
of A and B if AB is 130 mm and AP is 58 mm.
25 The figure shows diagrammatically a pair of folding doors. Plot the locus of P for the full movement of A from D to C.
AB and BC are each 150cm and AP is 60 cm. Scale 1mm to 1cm.
26 In the mechanism shown in the figure, OA revolves anti-clockwise about 0 while AB slides through the pivoted block
C. Draw the locus of B for one revolution of OA. OA is 40mm and AB is 145mm.
27 In the given mechanism the cranks AO and BQ revolve in opposite directions at the same speed, and are joined by
the rods AC and BCP. Plot the locus ofP for one revolution of the cranks, if AO and BQ are 25 mm, AC is 125 mm and CP
is 20 mm.

PRESENTATIONS:
i. The teacher revise the previous topic
ii. The teacher introduced the new topic
iii. The teacher explain the topic
iv. The teacher gives notes to students

EVALUATION: Students are asked to:


i. Define Loci
ii. list the various types of loci
iii. State the application of of each of the various types of loci

CONCLUSION: Students notes are checked, corrected, and marked.

ASSIGNMENT: Plot the loci of points on different link mechanisms.

REMARKS: The Lesson discusses different types of loci and their applications.Also how to plot the
loci of points on different link mechanism.

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