OF

PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
RAEBARELI

Project On
News Feed Web Application using Django
 Contents
 Project Report
 Certificate
 Declaration Certificate
 Acknowledgement
 Introduction of News Feed Web
Application with Django
 Used Languages in Project
 Introduction Django, HTML, CSS
 System and Software Requirement
 Project Category
 Objectives
 Scope of News Feed Web Application
 Data Flow Diagram
 Code Section
 News Feed Interface
 Conclusion
 Declaration Certificate
I hereby declare that the approved Project Report on A
Blog Website with Django is submitted in partial
fulfilment of the requirement to award the degree of
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATION to Chhatrapati
Sahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh has
not been previously submitted for the award of any
other degree, diploma or any other similar title or prizes
anywhere in the regard.

Signature of the scholar

Name: RACHIT SHARMA

Roll No: 305232
Session: 2020-2023
Department of B.C.A
 Acknowledgement
I have benefited a lot from the constructive criticism,
feedback and suggestions given to me by our teacher
Mr. Pradipto Chatterjee. I am highly indebted to our
teacher, for constant support in the design and
implementation of this. the present work would not
have been completed without guidance and help of
many, and I found it most pleasant to remember and my
obligation to them. My sincere thanks goes to all the
persons involved in this challenging project directly or
indirectly.
 Introduction of News Feed
Web Application with Django
A News Feed Web Application is a platform that allows
users to browse and consume news articles, blog posts,
updates and other content from various sources. When
built using Django, a powerful Python web framework,
the application can efficiently handle the storage,
retrieval, and display of news content.
The purpose of the news feed web application is to
provide users with a centralized platform to access and
explore news articles and updates. The application
allows users to:
 View a curated collection of news articles from
different resources.
 Filter and search for specific categories.

Django is a high-level Python web framework known

for its simplicity, efficiency, and scalability. It follows the
Model-view-controller (MVC) architectural pattern and
provides numerous built-in features and tools that
streamline web development.
APIs are used in this News Feed Web App to help
user to access the news from all valid sources.
Used Languages in Project

 Python
 Html
 CSS
 Django
 News Api
Introduction to Django, Html
& CSS
 Django

Django is a high-level Python web framework

that allows developers to build robust, scalable and
maintainable web applications quickly and
efficiently. It follows the model-view-controller
(MVC) architectural pattern and provides a lot of
built-in features and tools that simplify common
web development tasks.
Here’s a brief introduction to the key
components and concepts in Django:
1. Models: Models define the structure and
behaviour of data in your application. Django
provides an Object-Relational Mapping (ORM)
layer that allows you to define your models
using Python classes. These models are then
used to create database tables, and Django
handles the interaction between your Python
code and the database.
2. Views: Views handle the logic of your web
application. They receive HTTP requests,
perform any necessary processing or data
 retrieval, and return HTTP responses. In
Django, views are typically Python functions or
methods that can be mapped to specify URLs.
3. Templates: Templates are used for generating
HTML dynamically. They provide a way to
separate the presentation logic from the
business logic. Django’s template language
allows you to insert dynamic data and perform
basic control flow operations in your HTML
templates.
4. URLs: URLs are mapped to views in Django
using a URL configuration file. You define URL
patterns that specify how incoming URLs
should be handled and which view function or
method should be called.
5. Forms: Django provides a forms library that
simplifies the process of handling HTML forms.
It allows you to define forms using Python
classes and provides built-in validation, error
handling, and data processing.
6. Admin interface: Django includes a powerful
administration interface that can be
automatically generated from your models. It
provides a user-friendly interface for managing
data in your application, including creating,
editing, and deleting records.
 7. Authentication and Authorization: Django
provides a robust authentication system that
handles user registration, login, logout, and
password management. It also includes a
flexible authorization mechanism that allows
you to control access to different parts of your
application based on user roles and
permissions.
8. Middleware: Middleware is a Django feature
that allows you to modify the request or
response globally for all views. It can be used
for tasks such as authentication, session
management, or modifying headers.

 HTML

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is the

standard markup language used for creating web
pages and applications. It provides a structure and
formatting for the content on the World Wide Web.
HTML uses a set of tags to define the structure and
elements of a webpage, such as headings,
paragraphs, images, links, tables, forms and more.
 An HTML document is made up of series of
elements that are enclosed within opening and
closing tags. The basic structure of an HTML
document consists of the following:

Let’s break down the different sections:

 ‘<!DOCTYPE html>’: This declaration at the

beginning specifies the HTML version being used,
which is HTML5 in this case.
 ‘<html>’: The root element of an HTML document.
All other elements are contained within this
element.
 ‘<head>’: This section contains metadata about the
document, such as the title of the page, linking to
stylesheets, scripts, and other important
information that is not displayed directly on the
webpage.
 ‘<title>’: The title of the webpage that appears in
the browser’s title bar or tab.
 ‘<body>’: This is the main content section of the
webpage. It contains all the visible content, such as
text, Images, links, and other HTML elements.

This is just a brief introduction to HTML. There are

many more tags and attributes available in HTML to
create rich and interactive webpages.

 CSS

CSS, which stands for Cascading Style Sheets, is a

styling language used to describe the visual
appearance and formatting of a document written
in HTML or XML. It allows web developers to
control the presentation of elements on a
webpage, such as the layout, colors, fonts, and
animations.

CSS works by selecting HTML elements and

applying various style rules to them. These rules
define how the elements should be displayed and
behave. By separating the content (HTML) from the
presentation (CSS), web developers can achieve a
consistent and professional-looking design across
multiple pages and even entire websites.

Here are some key concepts and features of CSS:

1. Selectors: Selectors are used to target specific

HTML elements on a webpage. They can be based
on element names, classes, IDs, attributes, or
relationships between elements.

2. Properties: CSS properties define the visual

characteristics of the selected elements. Examples
of properties include color, font-size, margin,
padding, background, border, and many more.

3. Values: Values are assigned to properties and

determine how the selected elements should
appear. For instance, a color property can be
assigned a value like "red," "#000000" (hexadecimal
value), or "rgb(255, 0, 0)" (RGB value).

4. Styling Techniques: CSS provides various styling

techniques, such as box model (defining an
element's dimensions and spacing), positioning
(controlling the layout and placement of elements),
typography (managing fonts and text styles), and
more.

5. Cascading and Specificity: CSS follows a

cascading model, where multiple style rules can be
applied to an element. The order of rules and their
specificity determine which styles are ultimately
applied.

6. CSS Units: CSS supports different units for

measurements, such as pixels (px), percentages (%),
ems (em), rems (rem), and more. These units are
used to define sizes and positions of elements.

7. Selectors and Pseudo-classes: CSS offers

advanced selectors and pseudo-classes to target
specific states or behaviors of elements. Pseudo-
classes allow styling elements based on user
interaction, like hovering over an element or
selecting a checkbox.

CSS can be applied to HTML documents in multiple

ways, including inline styles (using the style
attribute in HTML tags), internal stylesheets (using
the `<style>` tag within the HTML document), and
external stylesheets (by linking an external CSS file
using the `<link>` tag).

With CSS, web developers have extensive control

over the presentation of web content, enabling
them to create visually appealing and responsive
websites. By combining HTML for structure and CSS
for styling, developers can build engaging and user-
friendly web experiences.
 System & Software
Requirements
System Requirements

 Windows
 macOS
 Linux/unix
 Solaris

Software Requirements

 Python: 3.6,3.7,3.8,3.9,3.10
 Django: 2.2,3.0,3.1,3.2,4.0
 Project Category

News Aggregator

A news feed web application can also be

classified as a news aggregator, as it aggregates news
articles from various sources and presents them in a
unified and personalized feed. News aggregator projects
involve collecting and organizing news content from
multiple publishers and delivering it to users based on
their interests and preferences.
 Objectives
The objectives of a News Feed Web Application built
with Django can vary depending on the specific
requirements and goals of the application. However,
here are some common objectives that a News Feed
Web Application with Django might aim to achieve:

1. Aggregating News: The primary objective of a

News Feed Web Application is to aggregate news
articles from various sources, such as RSS feeds
or APIs, and present them to users in a
centralized location. The application should be
able to fetch and organize news articles
efficiently.

2. Customized News Feeds: The application should

allow users to personalize their news feed based
on their interests, preferences, and selected
news sources. Users should be able to follow
specific topics, or news categories to receive
relevant articles in their feed.

3. Categorization and Tagging: News articles should

be categorized and tagged appropriately to
 enable efficient filtering and searching. This
could involve using machine learning techniques
to automatically categorize articles or allowing
users to assign tags to articles.

These objectives provide a general framework

for developing a News Feed Web Application with
Django. Depending on the specific requirements and
target audience, additional features and objectives can
be incorporated into the application.
 Scope of News Feed Web
Application

The scope of a News Feed Web Application can vary

depending on the specific goals and requirements of
the application. However, here are some key aspects
that are typically included within the scope of a News
Feed Web Application:

1. News Aggregation and Display: The application

should fetch news articles from various sources, such as
RSS feeds or APIs, and present them in a centralized
location. The news articles should be displayed in a
user-friendly manner, including titles, descriptions,
images, and publication details.

2. Personalized News Feed: The application should

provide the ability for users to customize their news
feed based on their interests and preferences. This may
involve allowing users to follow specific topics or news
sources and displaying relevant articles in their feed.
3. Categorization and Tagging: News articles should be
categorized and tagged appropriately to enable efficient
filtering and searching. This could involve organizing
articles by topics, categories, or tags for easy navigation
and discovery.

4. Search Functionality: The application should have a

robust search functionality that allows users to find
specific news articles based on keywords, tags, authors,
or other relevant criteria. The search feature should
deliver accurate and relevant results quickly.

5. Responsive Design: The application should be

designed and optimized to provide a seamless user
experience across different devices and screen sizes. It
should be responsive and adaptive, ensuring that the
news feed is accessible and readable on desktops,
tablets, and mobile devices.

6. Integration with External APIs: The application may

require integration with external APIs to fetch news
articles, authenticate users via social media platforms,
or provide additional features and data sources.
 It's important to note that the scope of a News
Feed Web Application can vary based on the specific
requirements and goals of the project. The above points
provide a general overview of the typical features and
functionalities included in a News Feed Web
Application.
 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a visual representation of

the flow of data within a system or process. It illustrates
how data moves between different components or
entities in the system. Here is the DFD of this project
(News Feed Web Application):
 Code Section
Step 1: Creating a new folder of the name pro.
Step 2: Opening command prompt or terminal and
creating a project in the pro folder with the name news.

Step 3: After that change directory to news.

Step 4: Create an app with the name app in the news
project.

Step 5: Now run the server to check if project and app

are correctly created.
Server is working properly.

Step 6: Project to work properly, we will apply the

migrations for app(s).
After applying migrations
Step 7: Opening pro folder in vs code.
 News Feed Interface

 Starting the website

 Opening Trending News
 Opening Science news from science
category or by searching.
 Opening Business news from business
category or by searching.
 Opening Technology news from
technology category or by searching.
 Opening Sports news from sports category
or by searching.
 Opening Entertainment news from
entertainment category or by searching.
 Conclusion
After developing the news feed web application project
with Django, we can draw several conclusions:

1. Django is a powerful web framework: Django proved

to be an excellent choice for developing the news feed
web application. It provided a robust and scalable
foundation, making it easy to handle complex
functionalities and manage the database efficiently.

2. Efficient news feed functionality: The news feed

feature of the web application was successfully
implemented using Django's ORM (Object-Relational
Mapping) and database models. Users were able to
view personalized news feeds based on their
preferences and interact with the content effectively.

3. Responsive and intuitive user interface: The frontend

of the web application was designed to be user-friendly
and responsive across different devices and screen
sizes. Django's template system, combined with HTML,
CSS, and JavaScript, facilitated the creation of an
intuitive user interface that provided a seamless
experience for users.

4. Scalability and performance considerations: Django's

scalability and performance were notable aspects of the
project. The framework allowed for efficient handling of
increasing numbers of users and news feed items.
Caching mechanisms, database optimization
techniques, and server-side optimizations played a
crucial role in ensuring the application's responsiveness
and performance.

6. Future enhancements and potential improvements:

While the news feed web application project with
Django was successful, there are always opportunities
for future enhancements. These could include
introducing real-time updates, implementing more
advanced recommendation algorithms, incorporating

social sharing features, or integrating with external APIs

to fetch additional content.

Overall, the news feed web application project with

Django demonstrated the effectiveness and flexibility of
the framework in building a robust and feature-rich
application. It showcased the potential for creating
engaging user experiences and provided a solid
foundation for further development and expansion.