3.

2—Graphing Exponential & Logarithmic Functions

Definition of Exponential Growth or Decay

An exponential function is of the form 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏𝑥 , 𝑎 ≠ 0, where 𝑏 > 1 or 0 < 𝑏 < 1.

𝑏 is called the base where 𝑏 ∈ ℝ.

𝑎 is the vertical dilation factor or called the initialxvalue

o as well as the 𝑦 intercept of the graph.

𝑦 = 2𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑒𝑥
𝑦=( )
2
e 2.71

L É 1 0

Domain: Domain: Domain:

Range: Range: Range:

𝒚-int: 𝒚-int: 𝒚-int:

Horizontal Asymptote: Horizontal Asymptote: Horizontal Asymptote:

The following graph shows the family of exponential functions

𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑏𝑥 for various values of the base 𝑏. Notice that for growth
functions, the larger the base, the faster the growth for large 𝑥-
values. For the decay functions, the smaller the base, the faster the
decay.

Focus Point
y int
0,1

Page 1 of 7
Example 1: Yee
Sketch the graph of 𝑓 (𝑥) = 3 ∙ 4𝑥 . Determine the domain and range as well as the exact value of the 𝑦-intercept.
Ing xp Growth
7
34 12

Iii flu 3
__ y o

Example 2:
Sketch the graph of 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑒𝑥+2 − 3. Determine the domain and range as well as the exact value of the 𝑦-intercept.
Transformations Left 2 Down 3

fi
e 2 2
011
Ii HA at y 3 E
y int g o e 3
94 a 917 3
0 e 3
Example 3: 0,0 3,0
Domain Range

Sketch the graph of ℎ(𝑥) = −2(3) + 4. Determine the domain and range as well as the exact value of the 𝑦-intercept.
1 𝑥

2
transformations
Rx up 4
H.A.at 4

4 0,2 o 2

213 i
f
Domain c mar

ya
2 Range 0,4

Example 4:
Sketch the graph of 𝑓 (𝑥) = 4𝑒2−𝑥 − 3. Determine the domain and range as well as the exact value of the 𝑦-intercept.

4e 4e 3
4e1
10,11 2
3

Titiitiians
HAY tt
y int fo 42 3
0,4 2 1
0 42 3

Page 2 of 7
flx 2 3,4 7

Else 2
fix 2
2

g x 2e 3

30
4

hex 3 6 h o
Domain x x
h i or 4.5
Range
6 x
h z 3 or 1.5

610
2 911 24 3 x 4 hix log 3 x 1
2
y.int o 21ns 4 log x3 1
1096 42
x int 2 In 3 x 4 0
logalites
a it
6 2 y 3 e
3 e 2,0

5
177070 2 3

e i so

21013,20
1 5
Example 5:
Determine the equation of the exponential function given the graph in the form 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏𝑥
(a) (b)
a b
64
!−3, & a
ja
3

1
!0, &
3
f 3 53
3 64
b
64

3 4

Example 6:
Determine the equation of the exponential function given the two points in the form 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏𝑥

(a) (1, 35), (−2, 75) (b) (2, 16

3
), (−3, 192)
fix a b

2
a b ab 75

a a
Is 7562

35 7562 A 5 15
3 37563
b as

f x 3 5

Page 3 of 7
 Definition of Logarithmic Function

A logarithmic function is of the form 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑎 · log𝑏 (𝑥), where 𝑎 ≠ 0, 𝑏 > 1 or 0 < 𝑏 < 1 and 𝑥 > 0.

𝑏 is called the base where 𝑏 ∈ ℝ.

The function 𝑦 = log𝑏 (𝑥) is equivalent to 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑥.

𝑦 = log2 (𝑥) 𝑦 = log1 (𝑥) 𝑦 = ln(𝑥)

2

Graph 2 and graph inverse

ffffii
Domain: Domain: Domain:
VA at x O

Range: Range: Range:

o d

𝒙-int: 𝒙-int: 𝒙-int:

0,0

Vertical Asymptote: Vertical Asymptote: Vertical Asymptote:

1,0
0

Where would 𝑦 = ln(𝑥) fit into the family of log functions above?

Page 4 of 7
 Example 7:
Sketch the following functions. Determine the asymptote, 𝑥-intercept, domain, and range.

(a) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2 log3 (𝑥 + 4) (b) 𝑔(𝑥) = 3 log1 (2 − 𝑥) + 6

2

log x

iii
I
p E.to

ax
(c) ℎ(𝑥) = −3 ln(𝑥 − 4) + 2 (d) 𝑝(𝑥) = 5 ln(6 − 𝑥) − 3

enantiffijin
iiii.it Right 6 Down

IT in V
can
In 6 x
so

Domain N 6
site is a o
panmc.no
e a x

e's
9 17 x 6

6 e
e x 4

e 4

e 4

Page 5 of 7
Example 8:
Determine the equation of the logarithmic function from the given information in the form
𝑓 (𝑥) = log𝑏 (𝑥 − 𝑐)

(a) (b)

(c) (−3, 0), (12, 4) (d) (6, 0), (14, −2)

Page 6 of 7
Example 9:
Find the domain of the logarithmic function.

(a) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 3 log4 (3𝑥 − 4) + 1 (b) 𝑔(𝑥) = 2 ln(𝑥2 − 9) − 5

3 1,0 0 3 u 3,0
x2910
D

(c) ℎ(𝑥) = 3 − 4 log0.5 (𝑥2 − 5𝑥 + 4) (d) 𝑦(𝑥) = 2 + log(2 − √𝑥)

0,4
2 5 470
2 20
x 4 x 1 so

014,04
1 0,1

(e) 𝑦 = log(𝑥+1
𝑥−6)
(f) 𝑦 = ln (𝑥
2 +4𝑥+3

𝑥−1 )

so 3 1 u 1,0

canola

fii iiIIi
Graphs of Exp Log Functions

Page 7 of 7
Name: Due for Wednesday Period:

3.2—Graphing Exponential Functions Practice

Graph each exponential function on the grid provided. Be sure to include (1) Domain and range, (2) equation of the horizontal
asymptote, and (3) the 𝑦-intercept.

1. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 1 2. 𝑓 (𝑥) = (13)

𝑥−4

3. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2𝑥+3 − 5 4. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 3 ∙ (12)

𝑥−2
5. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑒𝑥+4 − 3 6. 𝑓 (𝑥) = −𝑒𝑥 + 5

7. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 3𝑒4−𝑥 + 1 8. 𝑓 (𝑥) = −2𝑒3−𝑥 − 2