Hour 2: SQL Basics - Practice Examples
1. SELECT Statement
Syntax: SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name;
Examples:
1. SELECT first_name, last_name FROM employees;
Explanation: Retrieves the first and last names of all employees from the
employees table.
2. SELECT department_id FROM departments;
Explanation: Retrieves all department IDs from the departments table.
3. SELECT * FROM employees;
Explanation: Retrieves all columns and rows from the employees table.
4. SELECT salary FROM employees;
Explanation: Retrieves the salary column for all employees.
5. SELECT first_name || ' ' || last_name AS full_name FROM employees;
Explanation: Combines first name and last name with a space to form a full
name and renames the column as "full_name".
6. SELECT DISTINCT job_id FROM employees;
Explanation: Retrieves unique job IDs from the employees table.
7. SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees;
Explanation: Counts the total number of employees in the employees table.
8. SELECT first_name, salary * 12 AS annual_salary FROM employees;
Explanation: Calculates annual salary by multiplying monthly salary by 12 and
renames the column as "annual_salary".
9. SELECT SYSDATE FROM dual;
Explanation: Retrieves the current date and time from the system.
10. SELECT 'Hello, Oracle SQL!' FROM dual;
Explanation: Outputs a static string "Hello, Oracle SQL!".
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2. Filtering Data with WHERE
Syntax: SELECT column1 FROM table_name WHERE condition;
Examples:
1. SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > 50000;
Explanation: Retrieves all employees with a salary greater than 50,000.
2. SELECT first_name, last_name FROM employees WHERE department_id = 10;
Explanation: Retrieves first and last names of employees who work in
department 10.
3. SELECT * FROM employees WHERE hire_date >= '01-JAN-2020';
Explanation: Retrieves employees hired on or after January 1, 2020.
4. SELECT * FROM employees WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG';
Explanation: Retrieves employees whose job ID is "IT_PROG".
5. SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary BETWEEN 40000 AND 60000;
Explanation: Retrieves employees with salaries between 40,000 and 60,000.
6. SELECT * FROM employees WHERE last_name LIKE 'A%';
Explanation: Retrieves employees whose last names start with the letter 'A'.
7. SELECT * FROM employees WHERE department_id IN (10, 20, 30);
Explanation: Retrieves employees who belong to departments 10, 20, or 30.
8. SELECT * FROM employees WHERE manager_id IS NULL;
Explanation: Retrieves employees who do not have a manager (manager_id is
null).
9. SELECT * FROM employees WHERE job_id != 'SA_REP';
Explanation: Retrieves employees whose job ID is not "SA_REP".
10. SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees);
Explanation: Retrieves employees whose salaries are greater than the average
salary.
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3. Limiting Results (FETCH FIRST)
Syntax: SELECT * FROM table_name FETCH FIRST n ROWS ONLY;
Examples:
1. SELECT * FROM employees FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS ONLY;
Explanation: Retrieves the first 5 rows from the employees table.
2. SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY hire_date FETCH FIRST 10 ROWS ONLY;
Explanation: Retrieves the 10 most recently hired employees.
3. SELECT first_name, salary FROM employees FETCH FIRST 3 ROWS ONLY;
Explanation: Retrieves the first 3 rows of employees' names and salaries.
4. SELECT department_id FROM departments FETCH FIRST 2 ROWS ONLY;
Explanation: Retrieves the first 2 department IDs from the departments table.
5. SELECT job_id FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC FETCH FIRST 1 ROW ONLY;
Explanation: Retrieves the job ID of the employee with the highest salary.
6. SELECT DISTINCT department_id FROM employees FETCH FIRST 4 ROWS ONLY;
Explanation: Retrieves the first 4 unique department IDs from the employees
table.
7. SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > 50000 FETCH FIRST 7 ROWS ONLY;
Explanation: Retrieves the first 7 employees with salaries greater than
50,000.
8. SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY last_name ASC FETCH FIRST 8 ROWS ONLY;
Explanation: Retrieves the first 8 employees sorted alphabetically by last
name.
9. SELECT job_id, COUNT(*) FROM employees GROUP BY job_id FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS
ONLY;
Explanation: Retrieves the first 5 job IDs along with the count of employees
for each job.
10. SELECT department_id, AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY department_id
FETCH FIRST 6 ROWS ONLY;
Explanation: Retrieves the first 6 departments along with their average
salary.
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