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LAB MANUAL 03

INPUT/OUTPUT

Lab Objectives:
At the end of this lab students will know about

 How to take input

 How to make equations
 How to use different types of identifiers
 Compound Assignment

C++ USER INPUT

You have already learned that cout is used to output (print) values. Now we will
use cin to get user input.

cin is a predefined variable that reads data from the keyboard with the
extraction operator (>>).

In the following example, the user can input a number, which is stored in the
variable x. Then we print the value of x:

EXAMPLE
int x;
cout << "Type a number: "; // Type a number and press enter
cin >> x; // Get user input from the keyboard
cout << "Your number is: " << x; // Display the input value

STRING TYPES
The string type is used to store a sequence of characters (text). This is not a
built-in type, but it behaves like one in its most basic usage. String values must
be surrounded by double quotes:

EXAMPLE

Class/Semester: BS(CS)/2 Lab Instructor: Rabbia Mahum

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string greeting = "Hello";

cout << greeting;

To use strings, you must include an additional header file in the source code,
the <string> library:

EXAMPLE
// Include the string library
#include <string>

// Create a string variable

string greeting = "Hello";

// Output string value

cout << greeting;

BOOLEAN TYPES
A boolean data type is declared with the bool keyword and can only take the
values true or false. When the value is returned, true = 1 and false = 0.

EXAMPLE
bool isCodingFun = true;
bool isFishTasty = false;
cout << isCodingFun; // Outputs 1 (true)
cout << isFishTasty; // Outputs 0 (false)

ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
Arithmetic operators are used to perform common mathematical operations.

Operator Name Description Example

+ Addition Adds together two values x+y

- Subtraction Subtracts one value from another x-y

* Multiplication Multiplies two values x*y

Class/Semester: BS(CS)/2 Lab Instructor: Rabbia Mahum

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/ Division Divides one value by another x/y

% Modulus Returns the division remainder x%y

++ Increment Increases the value of a variable by ++x

1

-- Decrement Decreases the value of a variable --x

by 1

ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

In the example below, we use the assignment operator (=) to assign the
value 10 to a variable called x:

EXAMPLE
int x = 10;

COMPARISON OPERATORS
Comparison operators are used to compare two values.

Note: The return value of a comparison is either true ( 1) or false (0).

In the following example, we use the greater than operator (>) to find out if 5
is greater than 3:

EXAMPLE
int x = 5;
int y = 3;
cout << (x > y); // returns 1 (true) because 5 is greater than 3

A list of all comparison operators:

Operator Name Example

Class/Semester: BS(CS)/2 Lab Instructor: Rabbia Mahum

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== Equal to x == y

!= Not equal x != y

> Greater than x>y

< Less than x<y

>= Greater than or equal to x >= y

<= Less than or equal to x <= y

COMPOUND ASSIGNMENT (+=, -=, *=, /=, %=,

>>=, <<=, &=, ^=, |=)
Compound assignment operators modify the current value of a variable by
performing an operation on it. They are equivalent to assigning the result of
an operation to the first operand:

expression equivalent to...

y += x; y = y + x;

x -= 5; x = x - 5;

Class/Semester: BS(CS)/2 Lab Instructor: Rabbia Mahum

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x /= y; x = x / y;

price *= units + 1; price = price * (units+1);

and the same for all other compound assignment operators. For example :
// compound assignment operators
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main ()
{
int a, b=3;
a = b;
a+=2; // equivalent to a=a+2
cout << a;
}

Tasks:
Question # 1: Write a program to take two float numbers then find
remainder of them by using type casting in integer form.
Question # 2: Write a program to take input name, address and age from
user, then display data on screen.
Question # 3: Write a program to take input a character and display its
ASCII code.
Question # 4: Take an amount from user, interest rate and number of
years from user let suppose 1000, 5% and 3. Find Interest amount for
those years. (e.g. output for above values is 150)
Question # 5: Write a program to take dividend and divisor. Then
display the quotient and remainder.(e.g. 20 3. Quotient=6,
Remainder=2)
Question # 6: Write a program to take input base and height of triangle.
Now calculate area by using formula Area=1/2 x base x height;.
Question # 7: Write a program to take temperature in Celsius and
convert it into Fahrenheit by using F=9/5 *C +32;.

Class/Semester: BS(CS)/2 Lab Instructor: Rabbia Mahum

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Question # 8: Write a program to take three digit numbers from user

then display its reverse order.

Class/Semester: BS(CS)/2 Lab Instructor: Rabbia Mahum