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 Computer Applications
Unit-1 BBA First Semester

What is Computer ?
A computer is an electronic device that can perform different arithmetical and
logical operations.

Computer was Discovered by Charles Babbage

Full Form of Computer -

Common Operating Machine Purposely Used for Technological & Educational
Research

Characteristics of Computer -
Speed
Accuracy
Diligence (Computer will not get tired liked human beings)
Power of Remembering
Multi-Tasking
Memory

Computer in Business -
Computers help companies to do internal and external communication via
E-mail, Call, and Video conferencing.
Computer helps businesses to produce Graphics, Videos etc. for their
marketing.
Computer helps businesses to create, store and analyze business data in a very
easy and sorted way with the help of tools like MS Word, Excel, Google
Analytics etc.
Computer helps businesses to interact with their customers through their
website and social media.
Computer helps businesses to do Digital Marketing.
Computer helps businesses in their accounting as computer reduces the
chances of errors.
Modern banking would be impossible without computers

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Elements of a Computer System -

Hardware - The term Hardware refers to the physical parts of the computer that
we can see and touch.
Example - Monitor, Mouse, CPU, Input Devices, Storage devices etc.

Software - Software is the set of instructions that guide hardware and are used to
operate computer system.
Example - Windows, MS Word, Graphics Software, System Software,
Utility software etc.

Data - Raw form of facts and figures that have individually no meaning.
Example - 1, Utkarsh, Design, 34, 99 etc.

Procedure - Steps that you follow to accomplish a specific task on a computer.

People - The users that interact with computer to give them order to do a specific
task.

Management of data processing systems in Business organization -

Data Processing System

Data processing systems refer to the tools, technologies, and processes used
to collect, store, manipulate, and retrieve data for various business activities.
This data could include customer information, sales records, inventory levels,
financial transactions, and more.
These systems can range from simple spreadsheets to complex databases and
specialized software.

Program Development Cycle :

The Program Development Cycle is a systematic and structured approach to

creating computer programs. It encompasses a series of well-defined stages,
each with a specific purpose, to ensure the successful design, development,
and implementation of software solutions

Problem Definition - The process of analyzing the problem, and knowing the
scope of the problem.
Problem Analysis - The process of developing various solutions to solve that
problem.
Algorithm Development - Process of developing the series of steps to solve
that problem.

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 Coding & Documentation - The process of documenting/writing a code for that
particular problem.
Testing & Debugging - The compiler will test the program for syntax errors,
and results obtained from the program, then compared with results obtained
manually.
Maintenance - After the program is implemented, it should be maintained that
it will running smoothing

Flow Chart
The flow chart is the diagrammatical representation of a particular workflow or
process.
A flowchart is a diagram that illustrates the steps, sequences, and decisions of
a process or workflow.

Uses of Flow Chart

The flow chart is the diagrammatical representation of a particular workflow or
process.
A flowchart is a diagram that illustrates the steps, sequences, and decisions of
a process or workflow.

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Symbols in Flow Chart

Symbol Purpose

Start & Stop

Input & Output

Processing

Decision & Condition

Flow Line

Arithmetical Logical Unit

This unit performs all the basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division and also logical operations such as comparison of
numbers etc. The ALU is responsible for actual execution of instructions during
processing operation.

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 Computer Applications
Unit-2 BBA First Semester

Components of a Computer System

There are basically four components in a computer system
Input Unit - This unit is responsible for receiving and inputting data into the
computer. There are several devices which performs the function of input unit,
some of them are keyboard, mouse, scanner etc.
Output Unit - This unit is responsible for displaying the output, and convert it
into the human readable format. There are several devices which performs the
function of output unit, some of them are Monitor, Printer, etc.
Memory Unit - The data and instructions that are entered into the computer
system through input units have to be stored inside the computer before the
actual processing starts, Memory unit responsible for storing all the data

Memory unit consist of Main/Primary/Internal Memory.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

RAM is read and write memory, It enables the users to write and read the
information from the memory.
It is volatile memory i.e. information will erase from the computer, if power is
turned off.
ROM (Read only memory)
ROM is read only memory.
This memory consist of several built-in programs called micro programs for
monitoring the control unit.
There are a total 3 types of ROM - PROM, EPROM & EEPROM

Control Unit -
The control Unit in every computer is the supervising element. It does not
perform any processing but acts as a central control system for all other
components of a computer system. This unit maintains the exact sequence in
which the instructions are to be executed and directs the operations of the
entire computer system.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

Generations of Computer -

Generation Time Period Information Example

ENIAC
Use Vaccum Tubes (Electronic
First Generation 1940-1955 Takes lot of Space, as big Numerical
as a room Integrator and
Computer)
Use Transistors instead of TX-0
Second Generation 1956-1963
Vaccum Tubes IBM 7070
Use IC (Integrated Circuit)
Third Generation 1964-1971 IBM 370
in computers
Started using Altair 8800
Fourth Generation 1971-2000
Microprocessors IBM 5100
Modern Day
Started using the AI
Fifth Generation 2000-Present PCs, Laptops
(Artificial Intelligence)
etc.

Personal Computer in Business

In 1981, IBM introduced the first personal computer known as IBM-PC

PC Software Packages
PC software packages are collections of computer programs designed to help you
to achieve various goals and objectives.

The most common example of PC-software package is Microsoft Office

Package that contains applications like MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint etc.
Another Example is Disk Operating System.

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Disk Operating System
The Task of DOS is basically to supervise and direct the work and operation of
the computer.
MS-DOS stands for Microsoft Disk Operating System.
It is developed by Microsoft Ltd.
DOS is a 16-bit Operating System.
It has a limited memory of 1 MB.
DOS provides and Interface between Hardware and Application Software.
DOS manages the Devices such as printers, keyboard etc.

Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows is an operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation,
designed to provide a user-friendly interface and manage the hardware and
software resources of a computer, enabling users to perform various tasks, run
applications, and interact with their computer efficiently.

Features of Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows is easy to use, with a familiar desktop and icons.
It allows you to run many different programs at the same time.
You can personalize your computer by changing backgrounds and colors.
Windows comes with a built-in web browser, Microsoft Edge.
It has a search feature to find files and programs quickly.
Windows updates automatically to improve security and performance.
You can connect to Wi-Fi networks and printers easily.

System Software other than Windows

macOS : Developed by Apple Inc., macOS is the operating system used on Apple
Macintosh computers. It is known for its sleek user interface, stability, and
seamless integration with other Apple products and services.

Linux : Linux is an open-source operating system that comes in various

distributions (distros). It is known for its robustness, security, and versatility. Linux
is widely used in servers, supercomputers, embedded systems, and as an
alternative desktop OS.

iOS : Apple's mobile operating system, iOS, powers iPhones and iPads. It's known
for its user-friendly interface, app ecosystem, and strong emphasis on privacy and
security.

Android : Developed by Google, Android is the most widely used mobile operating
system globally. It powers a vast array of smartphones and tablets, offering
extensive customization options and access to the Google Play Store for apps.

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Unix : Unix is an older operating system that has influenced many others, including
Linux and macOS. It is known for its stability and robust multi-user and multi-
tasking capabilities. Unix variants are often used in enterprise environments and
scientific research.

Computer Languages
Computer languages, also known as programming languages, are a means of
communication between humans and computers. They allow us to give instructions
to computers in a way that they can understand and execute. Here are some key
points about computer languages:

High-Level vs. Low-Level Languages: Computer languages can be categorized as

high-level or low-level. High-level languages are closer to human language and are
more user-friendly, while low-level languages are closer to machine code and are
more difficult for humans to work with directly.

Compiled vs. Interpreted Languages: Some languages are compiled, which means
the code is translated into machine code before execution (e.g., C++). Others are
interpreted, where the code is executed line by line by an interpreter (e.g., Python).

Common Programming Languages: There are numerous programming languages,

each designed for specific purposes. Some popular languages include Python
(known for its simplicity and versatility), Java (used for building cross-platform
applications), C++ (used for system-level programming), JavaScript (for web
development), and SQL (for database management).

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Unit-3 BBA First Semester

Text Processing Software

Text processing software is a single most commonly used PC software, that allows
user to enter, edit and print text documents.
Example - WordStar, MS Word, Notepad etc.

MS Word
MS Word is a popular word processing software widely used in India.
It is part of the Microsoft Office suite and known for document creation.
Users can format text, add images, and create professional documents easily.
Features like spell check and templates make it user-friendly for Indians.
MS Word is essential for students, professionals, and businesses in India.

Features of MS Word
MS Word lets you create documents with text, images, and formatting easily.
It has a user-friendly interface, making it simple for Indians to use.
Features like spell check and grammar check help in creating error-free
documents.
Templates in MS Word assist in quick creation of resumes, letters, and more.
Indians often use the collaborative editing feature for group projects or work
documents.

Formatting Text
Formatting text in MS Word means styling your writing to make it look better.
You can change font types, sizes, and colors to give your document a distinct
appearance.
Adjusting paragraph alignment and spacing enhances readability in your MS
Word document.
Bullets and numbering options help organize lists and make information clearer.
MS Word allows users to apply styles like bold, italic, and underline to
emphasize or highlight text.

Tables in MS Word
In MS Word, tables are a handy way to organize and present information
systematically.
Users can create tables to display data in rows and columns, like a spreadsheet.
You can customize tables by adjusting cell size, adding borders, and shading cells.
MS Word offers pre-designed table templates for quick and easy formatting.
Tables are useful for creating schedules, lists, and any organized data presentation in
documents.

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Spreadsheet Software
Spreadsheet software is a tool that helps organize and analyze data in a tabular
form.
Users can perform calculations, create charts, and visualize data effectively in
spreadsheets.
Popular examples include Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets.

MS Excel
MS Excel is a powerful spreadsheet software widely used for data analysis and
calculations.
It allows users to organize data in rows and columns, creating a structured
format.
Excel is popular for its mathematical functions, making it useful for budgets,
financial planning, and complex calculations.
Charts and graphs in Excel help visualize data trends and patterns effectively.
Excel is an essential tool for professionals, students, and businesses to manage
and analyze numerical information.

Features of MS Excel
MS Excel is a powerful spreadsheet software with numerous features.
It allows users to organize, analyze, and visualize data efficiently.
Excel's formulas and functions simplify complex calculations and data
manipulation.
Users can create charts and graphs to represent data trends visually.
Features like sorting, filtering, and pivot tables enhance data management in
MS Excel.

Range & Formula in MS Excel

In MS Excel, a range is a group of cells selected to perform operations or hold
data.
Formulas in Excel are equations that perform calculations on data within a
range.
Common formulas include SUM for addition and AVERAGE for finding the mean.
Users can create complex formulas using functions like IF, VLOOKUP, and more.
Ranges and formulas together empower users to analyze and manipulate data
effectively in MS Excel.

Graphics on Spreadsheet
Graphics on a spreadsheet enhance visual appeal and make data interpretation
easier.
In tools like Microsoft Excel, users can insert charts, images, and shapes to
represent information creatively.

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 Using graphics helps break down complex data, making it more understandable
for users.
Excel provides various graphic customization options, allowing users to design
visuals that suit their needs.
Incorporating graphics in spreadsheets is beneficial for presentations, reports,
and data analysis.

Modes of Data Processing

Modes of data processing refer to different methods used to handle and
manipulate information.
Batch processing involves grouping data and processing it collectively at
scheduled intervals.
Online processing deals with real-time data input and immediate processing for
instant results.
Interactive processing allows user input during the processing to guide the
system's responses.
Distributed processing involves spreading tasks across multiple computers to
enhance efficiency.

Report Generation
Report generation involves creating organized documents to present
information.
In software like MS Word, you can structure reports with headings, paragraphs,
and lists.
Utilizing features like tables and charts enhances the visual appeal and clarity
of reports.
Generating reports efficiently is crucial for businesses, academics, and various
professional fields.
Tools like templates and formatting options simplify the process of creating
well-structured and impactful reports.

Presentation Graphics
Presentation graphics involve using visual elements like charts and graphs to
convey information.
Software like Microsoft PowerPoint is commonly used for creating presentation
graphics.
Slides with images, bullet points, and diagrams make complex ideas easier to
understand.
Animations and transitions add a dynamic touch to presentation graphics,
making them engaging.
Presentation graphics are widely utilized in business, education, and various
professional settings.

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Unit-4 BBA First Semester

Computer software system

A computer software system is the backbone of any digital device, making it
functional and useful.
It includes programs and applications that enable tasks like word processing,
browsing, and gaming.
The operating system, a key part, manages hardware and other software
components.
Software systems need regular updates to enhance performance, security, and
add new features.
From desktops to smartphones, a robust software system ensures seamless
user experiences across devices.

Software Development Process

The software development process involves creating computer programs
through a step-by-step approach.
It begins with defining requirements, where developers understand what the
software should achieve.
Planning follows, outlining the project scope, timelines, and resources required.
Coding is the actual writing of the program, implementing the planned design.
Testing ensures the software functions correctly, and maintenance involves
updates and improvements over time.

Files design & Report design

File design involves organizing digital documents systematically for easy
retrieval and management.
In report design, structuring content, using clear headings, and incorporating
visuals enhance readability.
Both file and report design focus on creating a user-friendly experience for
effective communication.
Employing consistent formatting and style ensures a professional look in file
and report design.
Efficient file and report design is crucial for conveying information effectively in
various professional contexts.

Data files types - Master & Transaction file

Data files in computing are broadly classified into two types: Master files and
Transaction files.
Master files store permanent, unchanging information, like customer details or
product catalog.

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 Transaction files, on the other hand, record day-to-day operations, capturing
changes or additions to the data.
The relationship between Master and Transaction files is crucial for maintaining
accurate and updated records.
Understanding these file types is essential for effective data management in
various applications.

Data File Structure & Data Hierarchy

Data file structure refers to how information is organized and stored in a
computer system.
It involves arranging data in a logical manner, often using folders and
directories.
Data hierarchy is the way data is categorized based on importance or
relationships.
Hierarchy can include levels like bits, bytes, fields, records, and databases in
complex systems.
Understanding data file structure and hierarchy is crucial for efficient data
management and retrieval.

Relevance of Data base management system

Database Management Systems (DBMS) are crucial for efficient data
organization and retrieval.
They ensure data accuracy, preventing errors in storing and retrieving
information.
DBMS allows multiple users to access and update data simultaneously.
Businesses use DBMS to manage large volumes of data, enhancing decision-
making processes.
Security features in DBMS protect sensitive information, making it integral for
various industries.

Data Base Manager

A database manager is a tool that organizes and manages large sets of data
efficiently.
It allows users to store, retrieve, and manipulate information in a structured
way.
Users can define relationships between different data elements for a more
organized database.
Database managers help ensure data integrity and security through access
controls.
They are essential for businesses, organizations, and individuals handling
substantial amounts of information.

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Data Communication
Data communication involves the exchange of information between devices or
systems.
It includes sending and receiving data through various communication channels.
Technologies like Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and mobile networks play a role in data
communication.
Protocols, like TCP/IP, govern the rules for reliable data transfer between
devices.
Data communication is crucial for tasks like internet browsing, emails, and file
sharing.

Networking
Networking refers to connecting computers or devices to share information and
resources.
In simple terms, it enables communication between devices for data exchange.
Common types include local area networks (LANs) for homes or offices and
wide area networks (WANs) for broader connections.
Networking facilitates internet access, allowing users to explore a vast world of
information.
Security measures are crucial in networking to protect data from unauthorized
access or cyber threats.

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