What is Strings? + String is basically a sequence which is made up of one or more UNICODE characters + Character in string can be any letter, digit, whitespace or any other symbol. + String can be created by enclosing one or more characters in single, double or triple quotes. Examples: Biter ceed aed peer INDEXING — Accessing characters in a string * Individual character in a string can be accessed using indexes * Indexes are unique numbers assigned to each character in a string to identify them * Index always begins from 0 and written in square brackets “D * Index must be an zero, positive or negative integer * We get Indexérror wher we give index value out of the range. Examples:Negative Indexing + Python allows negative indexing also, ‘+ Negative indices are used when you want to access string n reverse order * ‘Starting from the right side, the first character has the index as -1 and the last character (leftmost) has the index -n where nis length of string. Teng in sng in Pon Pommweindces D[if2[s]4[s[e{7fa[s steng rlefete[rti[e[spolw Negative es ss [eto[sts|statata Is string immutable? ‘= Yes, string is immutable data type. The content of string once assigned cannot be altered than. ‘+ Trying to alter string content may lead an error. String operations Sting support fellowing operation: + Ropetition a Mabey + Slicing Concatenation = Concatenation refers to joining two strings * Plus (‘+ is used as concatenation operator.Repetition + Repetition as it name implies repeat the «+ Asterisk (is used as repetition opera cos poses techtipnowtecht ipnowtechtipno Membership ‘+ Membership operation refers to checking a string or character is part or subpart ofan existing string or not + Python uses ‘in’ and ‘not in’ as membership operator. * ‘in’ returns true ifthe first sting or character appears as substring in the second string + ‘not in’ retumns true ifthe fi sting or character does not appears as substring in the second string Slicing + Extracting a specific part of string or substring is called slicing * Subset occurred after slicing contains contiguous elements * Slicing is done using index range like string[start_index : end_index: step_value] * End index is always excluded in resultant substring * Negative index can also be used for slicing.rr str[2:10] Deed Erode es] Peers toe ET tEt S| Does Sa Prec cren eC nCa ya #end of stri cred eC) ote) Pca rert mica rec str[0:10:2] Dea Pied Traversing a String Traversing a string refers to as sssing each character of a given string sequer cd for traversing a st oat eed peat)ead a) eae eeeeo) (strfent]) Pere String Functions String Fonctions Function | Description Count and returns total no of characters ina te = string as length Returns astring with fst letter of ts each Niet) | wore in uppercase and ret n lowercase Returns the string with al ts characters in tower) | Returns Returns the string with all its characters in et wore) | uppercase aaa Count and returns no of tapes a substring appears na string county | Svneae Count subst, start, end) ifstart and end indexss mar mentions, searching is done 2¢/03sall chatacters‘iea) Search and retureyst Oecuri@ace of substring in given String Syntax: figa(substr,start-end) if startand end index'ls not mentioned searching Bone across all characters indent) atte his find) but raises an exception if the Substring isnot present in the given string ‘endswith() Returns True f the given string ends with the substring supplied. startswith() Returns True the given string starts with the substring supplied \salnum() Returns True if characters of given string are either alphabet or numbers. if string is empty or includes whitespace or special symbols, it veturn False, ‘saipna() Returna Troe W characters of given string are only alphabets ‘saigitg) Returns True of characters of gen string are only numbers ‘slower() Returns True if string is not empty and contains ail lowercase characters or at least ‘one character in lowercase. ‘suppert) Returns True if string is not empty and contains all uppercase characters or atleast ‘one character in uppercase ‘sspace() Returns Troe W sting not emply and al ‘characters are white space (blank, tab, newline, carriage return) {strip() Returns the string after removing the spaces, ‘only on the left of the string rstrip() ‘Returns the string after remioyingthe sBaces ‘only on the right of the string strip() Returns the string after removing the spaces both on the left and the'ightiof the stringReplaces al occrféncls6f old string with the new string. Syntax Replace(Sldstr)pewsts) fold) étuens'a string in which the characters in ‘the String have been joined by a separator parttion() Webyeaks the given string at the fst ‘occurrence of the substring into three parts as: Substring before the separator, Separator, ater separator Af substring isnot found, then aso itretums three strings as One complete string, Two empty string spl) Separate given string into list of words ended with specified substring Space is considered as separator incase of substring is not spectied