MATHEMATICS – 9

PTB - SYLLABUS
ARSHAD ALI
MUHAMMAD USMAN HAMID
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WRITTEN BY:

Muhammad Usman Hamid Arshad Ali

Lecturer Mathematics SST Science
Superior Group of Colleges GHSS, 104 NB, Sargodha
Sillanwali, Sargodha Residence:
Residence: 91 NB, Sargodha
105 NB, Godhewala, Sargodha

VERIFIED BY:

ZEESHAN QURESHI M.ZEESHAN AHMAD

Phd. Mathematics BS Mathematics
Islamia University Bahawalpur Govt. AMC Sargodha
Residence: Residence:
089 – 8/, Jalalpur Pirwala, Multan 105 NB, Godhewala, Sargodha
TAHIR MUSTAFA IQRA SHOKAT
MPhil. Mathematics MPhil. Mathematics
University of Sargodha University of Sargodha
Residence: Residence:
105 NB, Godhewala, Sargodha New Satellite Town, Sargodha

For video lectures

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Solution

Solution

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̅ ̅̅̅̅

( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

̅̅̅̅

( )

( ) ( )

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Solution

Solution

Solution

i. . / . / and . / . /
Hence required rational are
ii. ( ) and . / . /
Hence required rational are
iii. . / . / and . / . /
Hence required rational are

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Solution

√ ( √ ) ( √ ) ( √ )
i.
√
√
√ √ ( ) (√ )

√ √ √ √ √ (√ √ )√ √ √ √ √ √ √
ii.
√ √ √ √ √

√ √ √ (√ )√ √ √ √ √ √
iii.
√ √ √ √ √

√ √ √ ( √ ) ( ) ( √ ) ( )( √ )
iv. ( )
√ √ √ ( ) ( √ )

√ √
√

√ √ √ √ √ √ (√ √ ) (√ ) (√ ) (√ )(√ )
v.
√ √ √ √ √ √ (√ ) (√ )

√
√

√ √ √ √ √ (√ √ ) √ (√ √ )
vi.
√ √ √ √ √ √ (√ ) (√ )

√ (√ √ )
√ (√ √ )

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Solution

i. . / . / . /

ii. . / . / . / . /

iii. ( ) . / . / . /

iv. √ . / ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
v. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( )
( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
vi. ( )

( ) ( )

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 7

( ) ( ) ( )
vii. ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )

( )
viii. ( )

ix.

wrong statement according to book

( ) ( )
right statement ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( )

Solution

√ √ √
√ √
√ √ √ ( ) (√ )

Hence √ and √

i. ( √ ) ( √ )

ii. ( √ ) ( √ ) √

iii. . / ( )

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 8

iv. . /. / ( )( √ ) √

v. . / ( )

vi. . / ( √ )

Solution

√
√
√

√ √
√
√ √

√ √
√
( ) ( √ )

√
√

√
√

√ √

Hence and

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 9

Solution

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
i.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

√( ) ( ) ( )
ii. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ( )) . /

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
iii. √ ( ) ( ) 4 5 4 5
( ) . / . / ( ) ( )

. / . /

iv. . / . /

. / . /

. /

. /

. /

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Solution
Consider three consecutive integers are ( ) and ( )
( ) ( ) ( )

Hence the three consecutive integers are 13, 14, and 15.

Solution
Length of ̅̅̅̅ (√ √ ) cm
Area of ( √ ) cm2
Area of
( √ ) (√ √ ) ̅̅̅̅
( √ ) (√ √ ) ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
√ √ √ √ √ √ (√ ) (√ )
̅̅̅̅ √ √ √ √ √ √
( √ √ )

Solution
( √ ) . / √ √ . /
√ √ √

√ √ √ √ √
√
√ √ ( √ ) m2

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Solution
Let x equal the first number and y equal the second number. Then
According to condition: and –

–
adding both subtracting both

Solution
°F = 9/5°C + 32
°F = 9/5× 48°C + 32 = 118.4°F

Solution
Son’s current age = x year
Father’s current age = 72 x year
Six years ago, Son’s age = x 6 year
Six years ago, Father’s age = (72 – x) – 6 = 66 – x year
Six years ago, according to condition: ( )
Simplifying we get:
Six years ago, Son’s age = 26 6 = 20 year

Solution

of

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Solution
Taxable Income = Total Income Exempted Amount
Taxable Income =
Taxable Income =
Tax Rate =
Tax Amount = Taxable Income Tax Rate
Tax Amount =
Tax Amount =

Solution
Principal Amount (P) =
Rate of Interest (R) =
Time (T) = year
Compound Interest (CI) = ( )
Compound Interest (CI) = ( )
Compound Interest (CI) =

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Solution
i. ( )
( ) . / . / . /
. / . /
Hence ( )
ii. ( )
( ) . / . / . /
. / . /
Hence ( )

Solution
We have to verify
( ) ( ) and ( ) ( )
i. ( ) ( )
( ) . / . /
( ) . / . /
Hence ( ) ( )
ii. ( ) ( )
( ) . /
( ) . /
Hence ( ) ( )

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Solution
Yes, zero is a rational number. A rational number is defined as a number that can
be expressed as the ratio of two integers, i.e., , where a and b are integers and b is
non-zero. Zero can be expressed as a ratio of two integers, such as: 0 = 0/1
In this case, both 0 and 1 are integers, and 1 is non-zero. Therefore, zero meets the
definition of a rational number.

Solution
For any two real numbers a and b, exactly one of the following is true:

1. a < b 2. a = b 3. a > b

Solution

( ) and . / . /

Hence required rational are

Solution

i. √ . /

ii. √( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( )
iii. ( ) ( )

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Solution

Let the three consecutive odd integers be x, x+2, and x+4.

x + (x+2) + (x+4) = 51

3x + 6 = 51

3x = 45

x = 15

Now that we know x, we can find the other two integers:

x+2 = 17

x+4 = 19

So, the three consecutive integers are 15, 17, and 19.

Solution
Let's say the number of balls in the smaller bucket is x. Since the other bucket has
28 more balls, the number of balls in the larger bucket is x + 28.
We know that the total number of balls is 96, so we can set up the equation:
x + (x + 28) = 96
2x + 28 = 96
2x = 68
x = 34
So, the smaller bucket has 34 balls.
The larger bucket has 34 + 28 = 62 balls.
Therefore, the two buckets have 34 and 62 balls, respectively.

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Solution

Initial Investment = Rs. 3,50,000

Rate of interest for the first 2 years = % = 7.25% per annum

Interest for the first 2 years = (3,50,000 7.25% 2) = Rs. 50,750

Rate of interest for the next 5 years = 8% per annum

Interest for the next 5 years = (3,50,000 8% 5) = Rs. 1,40,000

Amount after 7 years = 3,50,000 + 50,750+ 1,40,000 = Rs. 5,40,750

Therefore, Salma had Rs. 5,40,750 at the end of 7 years.

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Solution

Solution
(i) 804 (ii) 300000 (iii) 0.015 (iv) 17700000 (v) 0.0000055 (vi) 0.00004

Solution

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Solution: ( )

Solution: ( )

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Solution: ( )

i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

v. ( )

vi.

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Solution

Solution

i. Characteristic , Mantissa

ii. Characteristic , Mantissa

iii. Characteristic , Mantissa

iv. Characteristic , Mantissa

v. Characteristic , Mantissa

vi. Characteristic , Mantissa

Solution

i. Characteristic , Mantissa

ii. Characteristic , Mantissa

iii. Characteristic , Mantissa

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Solution

i. ( )

ii. ( )

iii. (̅ )

iv. (̅ )

v. ( )

vi. (̅ )

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Solution

i. ( )

ii. ( )

( ) ( )

iii. ( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( )

iv. ( ) ( )

( ) ( )

v. ( ) ( )

( ) ( )

vi.

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Solution
i. ( ) ( ) ( )

ii. 4 5 ( )

iii. ( )
vi. ( )
vi.

Solution
i. . /
ii. √ ( ) . /
iii. . /

iv. . / . / , -
v. √ ( ) . /

vi. . / . / , ( ) -

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Solution
i.
ii.
iii. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
iv. . / ( )
v. ( ) ( ) ( )

vi. ( ) ( ) . /
. /

5(i). . /
Solution
Let
. / taking logarithm on both sides
( ) ( ) ( )

( )
. /

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5(ii). ( )
Solution
Let
( ) taking logarithm on both sides
( ) ( ) ( )

( )
( )

( ) ( )
5(iii). 0 1
Solution
( ) ( )
Let
( ) ( )
0 1 taking logarithm on both sides
( ) ( ) ( )
( )

( )
( ) ( )
0 1

√ ( )
5(iv). [ ]
Solution
√ ( )
Let
√ ( )
[ ] taking logarithm on both sides
( ) ( ) ( )
( )

( )
√ ( )
[ ]

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Solution
0 1 0 1

0 1 , - , - ( )
0 1 0 1 rector scale

Solution
Initial investment = Rs. 100000
Interest rate = 5% per annum
Total value after t years = y
The equation modeling this situation is:
( )
We want to find years when the investment will be double, i.e., y = 2,00,000
( )
( ) ( ) ( )

( )

Solution
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ( ) )
( ) ( )
°C ( )
°C

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Solution

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Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution
i. ( )
ii. . / . / ( )

iii. . / . / ( )

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Solution
i.
ii.
iii. ( ) , ( )-
, ( )- ( )

Solution
i. ( )
ii. √ ( ) , - , -
iii. √ ( ) ( ) ( ) , -

9(i). [√ ]
Solution
Let √ ( )
( ) taking logarithm on both sides
( ) ( )

( )
[√ ]

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9(ii). ( )
Solution
Let
( ) taking logarithm on both sides
( ) ( )

( )
( )

9(iii). . /
Solution
Let
. / taking logarithm on both sides
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( )
. /

Solution
() ( )
( ) when P(t) = 35
( ) dividing by 22
taking logarithm on both sides

Since t represents years after 2016, add 19 to 2016:

Year ≈ 2016 + 19 ≈ 2035

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Solution
(i) * + (ii) * +
(iii) * + (iv) * +
(v) * + (vi) * +
(vii) * + (viii) * +
(ix) * +

Solution

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Solution
i. The Proper subsets of {a, b, c} are {a}, {b}.
ii. The Proper subsets of {0,1} are { 0 }, { 1 }.
iii. The Proper subsets of N = {1,2,3,… } are {1}, {2}.
iv. The Proper subsets of Z = * + are {1}, {2}.
v. The Proper subsets of Q are {1}, {2}.
vi. The Proper subsets of R are {1}, {2}.
vii. The Proper subsets of * + are {1}, {2}.

Solution
Yes, * + or

Solution
{a,b} is a set containing two elements a and b while {{a,b}} is a set
containing one element {a,b}.

Solution
8

Solution
i. The Power set of {9,11} is { , {9}, {11},{9,11}}.
ii. The Power set of { } is
* * +* +* +* +* +* +* +* +* +* +* +
* +* +* +* ++
iii. The Power set of { } is { , { }}.
iv. The Power set of * * ++ is 2 * + {* +} { * +}3.

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Solution

Solution

Solution
(i) * + * + * +
(ii) * + * +
* +

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Solution
4.(i) also
* + * + * +
* + * + * +
Hence
* + * + * +
* + * + * +
Hence
4.(ii) also
* + * + * +
* + * + * +
Hence
* + * + * +
* + * + * +
Hence
4.(iii) also
* +
* +
Hence
* + * +
* + * +
Hence

Solution
We have to verify
( )
( )

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( ) ( )
A = {a, b, c, d, g, h} A = {a, b, c, d, g, h}
B = {c, d, e, f, j} B = {c, d, e, f, j}
U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j} U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j}
=U-A =U-A
= {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j} - {a, b, c, d, g, h} = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j} - {a, b, c, d, g, h}
= {e, f, i, j} = {e, f, i, j}
=U-B =U-B
= {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j} - {c, d, e, f, j} = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j} - {c, d, e, f, j}
= {a, b, g, h, i} = {a, b, g, h, i}
A B = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, j} A ∩ B = {c, d}
( ) = U - (A B) ( ) = U - (A ∩ B)
= {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j} - {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, j} = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j} - {c, d}
= {i} = {a, b, e, f, g, h, i, j}
= {e, f, i, j} ∩ {a, b, g, h, i} = {e, f, i, j} {a, b, g, h, i}
= {i} = {a, b, e, f, g, h, i, j}

Solution
* + and * +
* + * + * +
(i) * + * + * +
(ii) * + * + * +
(iii) * + * +

Solution
n (C) = 34 ; n (H) = 30 ; n (U) = 55 ; n (C H) = 55
n(C H) = n(C) + n(H) – n(C ∩ H)
( ) ( )

( ) –
( ) .

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Solution
n(U E P) = 500 ; n (U) = 250 ; n (E) = 150 ; n (P) = 50
n (U ∩ E) = 40 ; n (E ∩ P) = 30 ; n (U ∩ P) = 10
n (U ∩ E ∩ P) = ???
n(U E P) = n(U) + n(E) + n(P) – n(U ∩ E) – n(E ∩ P) – n(U ∩ P) + n(U ∩ E ∩ P)
500 = 250 + 150 + 50 - 40 - 30 - 10 + n(U ∩ E ∩ P)
500 = 450 - 80 + n(U ∩ E ∩ P)
500 = 370 + n(U ∩ E ∩ P)
n(U ∩ E ∩ P) = 130

Solution
n (B) = 19 ; n (G) = 15 ; n (C) = ? ; n (B ∩ G) = 3 ; n (B ∩ C) = 4
n (G ∩ C) = 2 ; n(B G C) = 25
n(B G C) = n(B) + n(G) + n(C) – n(B ∩ G) – n(B ∩ C) – n(G ∩ C) + n(B ∩ G ∩ C)
25 = 19 + 15 + n(C) - 3 - 4 - 2 + n(B ∩ G ∩ C)
0 = n(C) + n(B ∩ G ∩ C)
As number of element in any set can be zero or positive,
which concludes that Sum of number of elements of two sets
can only be zero, if both sets are empty.
Hence, n(C) = 0 or number of players wearing only caps are zero.

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Solution
n (L) = 17 ; n (T) = 11 ; n (L ∩ T) = 9 ; n (L ∩ B) = 6 ; n (T ∩ B) = 4
n (L ∩ T ∩ B) = 8 ; n(L T B)= 35
n(L T B)= n(L) + n(T) + n(B) – n(L ∩ T) – n(L ∩ B) – n(T ∩ B) + n(L ∩ T ∩ B)
35 = 17 + 11 + n(B) - 9 - 6 - 4 + 8
35 = 17 + n(B)
n(B) = 18

Solution
* + ( )
* + ( )
* + ( )
* + ( )
* + * + * +
* + * + * +
* + * + * +
(i) ( )
* + * + * +
( ) * + * +
( ) * +

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(ii) * ( )+
* + * + * +
( ) * + * + * +
* ( )+

Solution
n(C F H) = 125 ; n (C) = 60 ; n (F) = 70 ; n (H) = 40

n (C ∩ F) = 25 ; n (F ∩ H) = 15 ; n (C ∩ H) = 10 ; n (C ∩ F ∩ H) = ???

n(C F H) = n(C) + n(F) + n(H) – n(C ∩ F) – n(F ∩ H) – n(C ∩ H) + n(C ∩ F ∩ H)

125 = 60 + 70 + 40 – 25 – 15 – 10 + n(C ∩ F ∩ H)

n(C ∩ F ∩ H) = 125 - 60 - 70 - 40 + 25 + 15 + 10

n(C ∩ F ∩ H) = 5

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Solution
n(N B K) = ??? ; n (N) = 40 ; n (B) = 65 ; n (K) = 50
n (N ∩ B) = 20 ; n (B ∩ K) = 35 ; n (N ∩ K) = 27 ; n (N ∩ B ∩ K) = 12
a) At least how many people like Nihari, Biryani or Korma:
n(N B K) = n(N) + n(B) + n(K) – n(N ∩ B) – n(B ∩ K) – n(N ∩ K) + n(N ∩ B ∩ K)
n(N B K) = 40 + 65 + 50 – 20 – 35 – 27 + 12
( )
b) How many people did not like Nihari, Biryani or Korma:
Total people = 130

People who like nihari, biryani, or korma = 85

People who did not like nihari, biryani, or korma = 130 – 85 = 45

c) How many people like only one of the Nihari, Biryani or Korma:
People who like only nihari = n(N) – n(N ∩ B) – n(N ∩ K) + n(N ∩ B ∩ K)

= 40 - 20 - 27 + 12 = 5

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People who like only biryani = n(B) – n(N ∩ B) – n(B ∩ K) + n(N ∩ B ∩ K)

= 65 - 20 - 35 + 12 = 22

People who like only korma = n(K) – n(N ∩ K) – n(B ∩ K) + n(N ∩ B ∩ K)

= 50 - 27 - 35 + 12 = 0

Total people who like only one food = 5 + 22 + 0 = 27

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Solution
* +
* + * +
*( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )+

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Solution

Solution
i. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
ii. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
iii. ( ) . / . / . / . /
iv. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
v. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
vi. ( ) . / . / . / . /

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Solution
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

……(i) ……(ii)

2(i) - (ii) (ii) - (i)

Solution
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

……(i) ……(ii)

(i) - (ii) 2(i) + (ii)

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 45

Solution
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

6 is wrong answer in book according to book

Solution
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
……(i) ……(ii)

(i) - (ii) 4(i) - (ii)

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Solution

Solution
i. * + * + * +
ii. * + * + * +
iii. * + * + * +
iv. * + * + * +
v. * + * +
vi. * + * + * +
vii. * + * + * +
viii. * + * +

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Solution
(i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)

(v)
It has no Venn diagram.

Solution
(i)

not equals to

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 49

(i)

(ii) ( )

𝐴 𝐵

(𝐴 𝐵)

Then ( ) is

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Solution
(a) * + * + * +
i. Associativity of Union: ( ) ( )
( ) * + ,* + * +-
( ) * + * + * +
( ) ,* + * +- * +
( ) * + * + * +
Hence ( ) ( )
ii. Associativity of Intersection: ( ) ( )
( ) * + ,* + * +-
( ) * + * + * +
( ) ,* + * +- * +
( ) * + * + * +
Hence ( ) ( )
iii. Distributivity of Union over Intersection: ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) * + ,* + * +-
( ) * + * + * +
( ) ( ) ,* + * +- ,* + * +-
( ) ( ) * + * + * +
Hence ( ) ( ) ( )
iv. Distributivity of Intersection over Union: ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) * + ,* + * +-
( ) * + * + * +
( ) ( ) ,* + * +- ,* + * +-
( ) ( ) * + * + * +
Hence ( ) ( ) ( )

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(b) * + * +
i. Associativity of Union: ( ) ( )
( ) ,* + * +- * + * +
( ) , * +- * + * + * + * +
Hence ( ) ( )
ii. Associativity of Intersection: ( ) ( )
( ) ,* + * +- * +
( ) , * +- * + * +
Hence ( ) ( )
iii. Distributivity of Union over Intersection: ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ,* + * +- * + * +
( ) ( ) , * +- , * +- * + * + * +
Hence ( ) ( ) ( )
iv. Distributivity of Intersection over Union: ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ,* + * +- * +
( ) ( ) , * +- , * +-
Hence ( ) ( ) ( )
(c) * + * +
i. Associativity of Union: ( ) ( )
( ) , -
( ) , -
Hence ( ) ( )
ii. Associativity of Intersection: ( ) ( )
( ) , -
( ) , -
Hence ( ) ( )
iii. Distributivity of Union over Intersection: ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) , -
( ) ( ) , - , -
Hence ( ) ( ) ( )
iv. Distributivity of Intersection over Union: ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) , -
( ) ( ) , - , -
Hence ( ) ( ) ( )

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Solution
( ) ( )
U = {1, 2, 3, ..., 20} U = {1, 2, 3, ..., 20}
A = {2, 4, 6, ..., 20} A = {2, 4, 6, ..., 20}
B = {1, 3, 5, ..., 19} B = {1, 3, 5, ..., 19}
=U-A =U-A
= {1, 2, 3, ..., 20} - {2, 4, 6, ..., 20} = {1, 2, 3, ..., 20} - {2, 4, 6, ..., 20}
= {1, 3, 5, ..., 19} = {1, 3, 5, ..., 19}
=U-B =U-B
= {1, 2, 3, ..., 20} - {1, 3, 5, ..., 19} = {1, 2, 3, ..., 20} - {1, 3, 5, ..., 19}
= {2, 4, 6, ..., 20} = {2, 4, 6, ..., 20}
A B = {1, 2, 3, ..., 20} A∩B={}
( ) = U - (A B) ( ) = U - (A ∩ B)
= {1, 2, 3, ..., 20} - {1, 2, 3, ..., 20} = {1, 2, 3, ..., 20} - { }
={} = {1, 2, 3, ..., 20}
= {1, 3, 5, ..., 19} ∩ {2, 4, 6, ..., 20} = {1, 3, 5, ..., 19} {2, 4, 6, ..., 20}
={} = {1, 2, 3, ..., 20}
Hence ( ) Hence ( )

Solution
P = {x | x = 5m, m N} = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, ...}

Q = {x | x = 2m, m N} = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, ...}

P ∩ Q = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, ...} ∩ {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, ...}

P ∩ Q = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50, ...} = {x | x = 10m, m N}

Solution

(i) L.H.S. = A ∩ (A B) = (A ∩ A) (A ∩ B) = A (A ∩ B) = R.H.S.

(i) L.H.S. = A (A ∩ B) = (A A) ∩ (A B) = A ∩ (A B) = R.H.S.

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Solution
i. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
ii. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
iii. ( ) . / . / . / . /
iv. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
v. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
vi. ( ) . / . / . / . /

Solution
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
……(i) ……(ii)

(i) - (ii) 2(i) + (ii)

Solution
( )
Using ( )

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Solution
( )
( ) ( )

Now ( ) ( )

Using

Solution
U = {1, 2, 3, ... , 100}

A = {1, 2, 3, ... , 30}

B = {31, 32, 33, ... , 55}

C = {76, 77, 78, ... , 100}

A B C = {1, 2, 3, ..., 30} {31, 32, ..., 55} {76, 77, ..., 100}

A B C = {1, 2, 3, ..., 30, 31, 32, ..., 55, 76, 77, ..., 100}

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Solution
Total students = 180

Passed Math = 120, Passed Science = 90, Passed both Math and Science = 60

1. How many passed either the Math or Science test?

Passed either Math or Science = Passed Math + Passed Science - Passed both

= 120 + 90 – 60 = 150

2. How many did not pass either of the two tests?

Failed both Math and Science = Total students - Passed either Math or Science

= 180 – 150 = 30

3. How many passed the Science test but not the Math test?

Passed Science but not Math = Passed Science - Passed both

= 90 – 60 = 30

4. How many failed the Science test?

Failed Science = Total students - Passed Science

= 180 – 90 = 90

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Solution
Total developers = 300

n(P) = 150, n(J) = 130, n(H) = 120, n(P ∩ J) = 70, n(P ∩ H) = 60, n(J ∩ H) = 50

n(P ∩ J ∩ H) = 40

1. How many developers use at least one of these languages?

n(P J H) = n(P) + n(J) + n(H) – n(P ∩ J) – n(P ∩ H) – n(J ∩ H) + n(P ∩ J ∩ H)

= 150 + 130 + 120 - 70 - 60 - 50 + 40 = 260

2. How many developers use only one of these languages?

Developers who use only P = n(P) – n(P ∩ J) – n(P ∩ H) + n(P ∩ J ∩ H)

= 150 - 70 - 60 + 40 = 60

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Developers who use only J = n(J) – n(P ∩ J) – n(J ∩ H) + n(P ∩ J ∩ H)

= 130 - 70 - 50 + 40 = 50

Developers who use only H = n(H) – n(P ∩ H) – n(J ∩ H) + n(P ∩ J ∩ H)

= 120 - 60 - 50 + 40 = 50

Total developers who use only one language = 60 + 50 + 50 = 160

3. How many developers do not use any of these languages?

Developers who do not use any language = Total developers - Developers who use
at least one language

= 300 – 260 = 40

4. How many developers use only PHP?

Developers who use only PHP = n(H) = 50

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