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CPT Professional 2024 1st Edition American Medical
Association Digital Instant Download
Author(s): American Medical Association
ISBN(s): 9781640162846, 1640162844
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 23.47 MB
Year: 2023
Language: english
 AMAfe
AMHICAH MEDICAL Uø
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cpt 2024 PROFESSIONAL EDITION

The only official CFP codebook with rules and guidelines
from the AM As CPT Editorial Panel.

AMA publicaboTQ fund initiatives that drive improvements in

patient health practice innovation andmedical education .
Symbols
▲ Revised code
● New code
▶◀ New or revised text
➲ Reference to CPT Assistant, Clinical Examples in Radiology, and CPT Changes
✚ Add-on code
Exemptions to modifier 51
⚡ Product pending FDA approval
# Out-of-numerical sequence code
★ Telemedicine
Audio-only
Duplicate PLA test
Category I PLA

Modifiers (See Appendix A for definitions)

22 Increased Procedural Services
23 Unusual Anesthesia
24 Unrelated Evaluation and Management Service by the Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional During
a Postoperative Period
25 Significant, Separately Identifiable Evaluation and Management Service by the Same Physician or Other Qualified Health
Care Professional on the Same Day of the Procedure or Other Service
26 Professional Component
32 Mandated Services
33 Preventive Services
47 Anesthesia by Surgeon
50 Bilateral Procedure
51 Multiple Procedures
52 Reduced Services
53 Discontinued Procedure
54 Surgical Care Only
55 Postoperative Management Only
56 Preoperative Management Only
57 Decision for Surgery
58 Staged or Related Procedure or Service by the Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional During the
Postoperative Period
59 Distinct Procedural Service
62 Two Surgeons
63 Procedure Performed on Infants less than 4 kg
66 Surgical Team
76 Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional
77 Repeat Procedure by Another Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional
78 Unplanned Return to the Operating/Procedure Room by the Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional
Following Initial Procedure for a Related Procedure During the Postoperative Period
79 Unrelated Procedure or Service by the Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional During the
Postoperative Period
80 Assistant Surgeon
81 Minimum Assistant Surgeon
82 Assistant Surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available)
90 Reference (Outside) Laboratory
91 Repeat Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Test
92 Alternative Laboratory Platform Testing
93 Synchronous Telemedicine Service Rendered Via Telephone or Other Real-Time Interactive Audio-Only
Telecommunications System
95 Synchronous Telemedicine Service Rendered via a Real-Time Interactive Audio and Video Telecommunications System
96 Habilitative Services
97 Rehabilitative Services
99 Multiple Modifiers

Category II Modifiers
1P Performance Measure Exclusion Modifier due to Medical Reasons
2P Performance Measure Exclusion Modifier due to Patient Reasons
3P Performance Measure Exclusion Modifier due to System Reasons
8P Performance measure reporting modifier–action not performed, reason not otherwise specified

Anesthesia Physical Status Modifiers

P1 A normal healthy patient
P2 A patient with mild systemic disease
P3 A patient with severe systemic disease
P4 A patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life
P5 A moribund patient who is not expected to survive without the operation
P6 A declared brain-dead patient whose organs are being removed for donor purposes

Modifiers Approved for Hospital Outpatient Use

Level I (CPT)
25 Significant, Separately Identifiable Evaluation and Management Service by the Same Physician or Other Qualified Health
Care Professional on the Same Day of the Procedure or Other Service
27 Multiple Outpatient Hospital E/M Encounters on the Same Date
33 Preventive Services
50 Bilateral Procedure
52 Reduced Services
58 Staged or Related Procedure or Service by the Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional During the
Postoperative Period
59 Distinct Procedural Service
73 Discontinued Outpatient Procedure Prior to Anesthesia Administration
74 Discontinued Outpatient Procedure After Anesthesia Administration
76 Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional
77 Repeat Procedure by Another Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional
78 Unplanned Return to the Operating/Procedure Room by the Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional
Following Initial Procedure for a Related Procedure During the Postoperative Period
79 Unrelated Procedure or Service by the Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional During the
Postoperative Period
91 Repeat Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Test

Level II (HCPCS/National)
E1 Upper left, eyelid
E2 Lower left, eyelid
E3 Upper right, eyelid
E4 Lower right, eyelid
FA Left hand, thumb
F1 Left hand, second digit
F2 Left hand, third digit
F3 Left hand, fourth digit
F4 Left hand, fifth digit
F5 Right hand, thumb
F6 Right hand, second digit
F7 Right hand, third digit
F8 Right hand, fourth digit
F9 Right hand, fifth digit
GG Performance and payment of a screening mammogram and diagnostic mammogram on the same patient, same day
GH Diagnostic mammogram converted from screening mammogram on same day
LC Left circumflex coronary artery
LD Left anterior descending coronary artery
LM Left main coronary artery
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
QM Ambulance service provided under arrangement by a provider of services
QN Ambulance service furnished directly by a provider of services
RC Right coronary artery
RI Ramus intermedius coronary artery
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
TA Left foot, great toe
T1 Left foot, second digit
T2 Left foot, third digit
T3 Left foot, fourth digit
T4 Left foot, fifth digit
T5 Right foot, great toe
T6 Right foot, second digit
T7 Right foot, third digit
T8 Right foot, fourth digit
T9 Right foot, fifth digit
Place-of-Service Codes for Professional Claims
Listed below are place-of-service codes and descriptions. These codes should be used on professional
claims to specify the entity where service(s) were rendered. Check with individual payers (eg, Medicare,
Medicaid, other private insurance) for reimbursement policies regarding these codes. If you would like to
comment on a code(s) or description(s), please send your request to [email protected].
Place
of
Service Place of Service
Code(s) Name Place of Service Description
A facility or location where drugs and other medically related
01 Pharmacy items and services are sold, dispensed, or otherwise provided
directly to patients. (Effective 10/1/03)
The location where health services and health related services
Telehealth Provided are provided or received, through telecommunication technology.
02 Other than in Patient’s Patient is not located in their home when receiving health
Home services or health-related services through telecommunication
technology. (Effective 1/1/17)
A facility whose primary purpose is education. (Effective
03 School
1/1/03)
A facility or location whose primary purpose is to provide
04 Homeless Shelter temporary housing to homeless individuals (eg, emergency
shelters, individual or family shelters). (Effective 1/1/03)
A facility or location, owned and operated by the Indian Health
Indian Health Service Service, which provides diagnostic, therapeutic (surgical and
05 Free-Standing non-surgical), and rehabilitation services to American Indians
Facility and Alaska Natives who do not require hospitalization.
(Effective 1/1/03)
A facility or location, owned and operated by the Indian Health
Indian Health Service Service, which provides diagnostic, therapeutic (surgical and
06 Provider-Based non-surgical), and rehabilitation services rendered by, or under
Facility the supervision of, physicians to American Indians and Alaska
Natives admitted as inpatients or outpatients. (Effective 1/1/03)
A facility or location owned and operated by a federally
recognized American Indian or Alaska Native tribe or tribal
Tribal 638 Free- organization under a 638 agreement, which provides diagnostic,
07
Standing Facility therapeutic (surgical and non-surgical), and rehabilitation
services to tribal members who do not require hospitalization.
 (Effective 1/1/03)
A facility or location owned and operated by a federally
recognized American Indian or Alaska Native tribe or tribal
Tribal 638 Provider- organization under a 638 agreement, which provides diagnostic,
08
Based Facility therapeutic (surgical and non-surgical), and rehabilitation
services to tribal members admitted as inpatients or outpatients.
(Effective 1/1/03)
A prison, jail, reformatory, work farm, detention center, or any
Prison/Correctional other similar facility maintained by either Federal, State, or local
09
Facility authorities for the purpose of confinement or rehabilitation of
adult or juvenile criminal offenders. (Effective 7/1/06)
The location where health services and health related services
are provided or received, through telecommunication technology.
Patient is located in their home (which is a location other than a
Telehealth Provided
10 hospital or other facility where the patient receives care in a
in Patient’s Home
private residence) when receiving health services or health
related services through telecommunication technology.
(Effective 1/1/22)
Location, other than a hospital, skilled nursing facility (SNF),
military treatment facility, community health center, State or local
public health clinic, or intermediate care facility (ICF), where
11 Office
the health professional routinely provides health examinations,
diagnosis, and treatment of illness or injury on an ambulatory
basis.
Location, other than a hospital or other facility, where the patient
12 Home
receives care in a private residence.
Congregate residential facility with self-contained living units
providing assessment of each resident’s needs and on-site
Assisted Living
13 support 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, with the capacity to
Facility
deliver or arrange for services including some health care and
other services. (Effective 10/1/03)
A residence, with shared living areas, where clients receive
supervision and other services such as social and/or behavioral
14 Group Home
services, custodial service, and minimal services (eg, medication
administration). (Effective 10/1/03)
A facility/unit that moves from place-to-place equipped to
15 Mobile Unit provide preventive, screening, diagnostic, and/or treatment
services. (Effective 1/1/03)
A short term accommodation such as a hotel, camp ground,
16 Temporary Lodging hostel, cruise ship or resort where the patient receives care, and
which is not identified by any other POS code. (Effective 1/1/08)
A walk-in health clinic, other than an office, urgent care facility,
 Walk-in Retail Health pharmacy, or independent clinic, and not described by any other
17
Clinic Place of Service code, that is located within a retail operation
and provides, on an ambulatory basis, preventive and primary
care services. (Effective 5/1/10)
A location, not described by any other POS code, owned or
operated by a public or private entity where the patient is
Place of employed, and where a health professional provides on-going or
18
Employment/Worksite episodic occupational medical, therapeutic or rehabilitative
services to the individual. (This code is available for use
effective January 1, 2013 but no later than May 1, 2013.)
A portion of an off-campus hospital provider based department
which provides diagnostic, therapeutic (both surgical and
Off Campus—
19 nonsurgical), and rehabilitation services to sick or injured
Outpatient Hospital
persons who do not require hospitalization or institutionalization.
(Effective January 1, 2016)
Location, distinct from a hospital emergency room, an office, or a
clinic, whose purpose is to diagnose and treat illness or injury
20 Urgent Care Facility
for unscheduled, ambulatory patients seeking immediate medical
attention. (Effective 1/1/03)
A facility, other than psychiatric, which primarily provides
diagnostic, therapeutic (both surgical and non-surgical), and
21 Inpatient Hospital
rehabilitation services by, or under, the supervision of physicians
to patients admitted for a variety of medical conditions.
A portion of a hospital’s main campus which provides
diagnostic, therapeutic (both surgical and non-surgical), and
On Campus—
22 rehabilitation services to sick or injured persons who do not
Outpatient Hospital
require hospitalization or institutionalization. (Description
change effective January 1, 2016)
Emergency Room— A portion of a hospital where emergency diagnosis and treatment
23
Hospital of illness or injury is provided.
A free-standing facility, other than a physician’s office, where
Ambulatory Surgical
24 surgical and diagnostic services are provided on an ambulatory
Center
basis.
A facility, other than a hospital’s maternity facilities or a
physician’s office, which provides a setting for labor, delivery,
25 Birthing Center
and immediate postpartum care as well as immediate care of
newborn infants.
A medical facility operated by one or more of the Uniformed
Military Treatment Services. Military Treatment Facility (MTF) also refers to
26 Facility certain former U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) facilities
now designated as Uniformed Service Treatment Facilities
(USTF).
 A non-permanent location on the street or found environment, not
described by any other POS code, where health professionals
27 Outreach Site/Street provide preventive, screening, diagnostic, and/or treatment
services to unsheltered homeless individuals. (Effective October
1, 2023)
28-30 Unassigned N/A
A facility which primarily provides inpatient skilled nursing care
Skilled Nursing and related services to patients who require medical, nursing, or
31
Facility rehabilitative services but does not provide the level of care or
treatment available in a hospital.
A facility which primarily provides to residents skilled nursing
care and related services for the rehabilitation of injured,
32 Nursing Facility disabled, or sick persons, or, on a regular basis, health-related
care services above the level of custodial care to other than
individuals with intellectual disabilities.
A facility that provides room, board, and other personal
Custodial Care
33 assistance services, generally on a long-term basis, and which
Facility
does not include a medical component.
A facility, other than a patient’s home, in which palliative and
34 Hospice supportive care for terminally ill patients and their families are
provided.
35-40 Unassigned N/A
A land vehicle specifically designed, equipped and staffed for
41 Ambulance—Land
lifesaving and transporting the sick or injured.
Ambulance—Air or An air or water vehicle specifically designed, equipped, and
42
Water staffed for lifesaving and transporting the sick or injured.
43-48 Unassigned N/A
A location, not part of a hospital and not described by any other
Place of Service code, that is organized and operated to provide
49 Independent Clinic
preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic, rehabilitative, or palliative
services to outpatients only. (Effective 10/1/03)
A facility located in a medically underserved area that provides
Federally Qualified
50 Medicare beneficiaries preventive primary medical care under
Health Center
the general direction of a physician.
A facility that provides inpatient psychiatric services for the
Inpatient Psychiatric
51 diagnosis and treatment of mental illness on a 24-hour basis, by
Facility
or under the supervision of a physician.
A facility for the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness that
Psychiatric Facility— provides a planned therapeutic program for patients who do not
52 Partial require full time hospitalization, but who need broader programs
Hospitalization than are possible from outpatient visits to a hospital-based or
 hospital-affiliated facility.
A facility that provides the following services: outpatient
services, including specialized outpatient services for children,
the elderly, individuals who are chronically ill, and residents of
the CMHC’s mental health services area who have been
Community Mental discharged from inpatient treatment at a mental health facility; 24
53
Health Center hour a day emergency care services; day treatment, other partial
hospitalization services, or psychosocial rehabilitation services;
screening for patients being considered for admission to State
mental health facilities to determine the appropriateness of such
admission; and consultation and education services.
Intermediate Care A facility which primarily provides health-related care and
Facility/Individuals services above the level of custodial care to individuals with
54
with Intellectual intellectual disabilities but does not provide the level of care or
Disabilities treatment available in a hospital or SNF.
A facility which provides treatment for substance (alcohol and
Residential Substance drug) abuse to live-in residents who do not require acute medical
55 Abuse Treatment care. Services include individual and group therapy and
Facility counseling, family counseling, laboratory tests, drugs and
supplies, psychological testing, and room and board.
Psychiatric A facility or distinct part of a facility for psychiatric care which
56 Residential Treatment provides a total 24-hour therapeutically planned and
Center professionally staffed group living and learning environment.
A location which provides treatment for substance (alcohol and
Non-residential drug) abuse on an ambulatory basis. Services include individual
57 Substance Abuse and group therapy and counseling, family counseling, laboratory
Treatment Facility tests, drugs and supplies, and psychological testing. (Effective
10/1/03)
A location that provides treatment for opioid use disorder on an
Non-residential
ambulatory basis. Services include methadone and other forms of
58 Opioid Treatment
Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT). (Effective January 1,
Facility
2020)
59 Unassigned N/A
A location where providers administer pneumococcal pneumonia
and influenza virus vaccinations and submit these services as
Mass Immunization electronic media claims, paper claims, or using the roster billing
60
Center method. This generally takes place in a mass immunization
setting, such as, a public health center, pharmacy, or mall but may
include a physician office setting.
Comprehensive A facility that provides comprehensive rehabilitation services
Inpatient under the supervision of a physician to inpatients with physical
61 Rehabilitation disabilities. Services include physical therapy, occupational
 Facility therapy, speech pathology, social or psychological services, and
orthotics and prosthetics services.
Comprehensive A facility that provides comprehensive rehabilitation services
Outpatient under the supervision of a physician to outpatients with physical
62
Rehabilitation disabilities. Services include physical therapy, occupational
Facility therapy, and speech pathology services.
63-64 Unassigned N/A
End-Stage Renal A facility other than a hospital, which provides dialysis
65 Disease Treatment treatment, maintenance, and/or training to patients or caregivers
Facility on an ambulatory or home-care basis.
66-70 Unassigned N/A
A facility maintained by either State or local health departments
71 Public Health Clinic that provides ambulatory primary medical care under the general
direction of a physician.
A certified facility which is located in a rural medically
72 Rural Health Clinic underserved area that provides ambulatory primary medical care
under the general direction of a physician.
73-80 Unassigned N/A
Independent A laboratory certified to perform diagnostic and/or clinical tests
81
Laboratory independent of an institution or a physician’s office.
82-98 Unassigned N/A
Other Place of
99 Other place of service not identified above.
Service
Executive Vice President, Chief Executive Officer: James L. Madara, MD
Senior Vice President, Health Solutions: Lori Prestesater
Vice President, Coding and Reimbursement Policy and Strategy: Jay Ahlman
Director, CPT Coding and Regulatory Services: Zach Hochstetler
Director, CPT Content Management and Development: Leslie W. Prellwitz
Manager, CPT Editorial Panel Processes: Desiree Rozell
Senior Manager, CPT Content Management and Development: Karen E. O’Hara
Vice President, Operations Health Solutions: Denise C. Foy
Senior Manager, Publishing and Fulfillment: Elizabeth Goodman Duke
Manager, Developmental Editing: Lisa Chin-Johnson
Editorial Assistant: Laura Moreno
Vice President, Sales and Marketing: Sue Wilson
Director, Print, Digital and Guides: Erin Kalitowski
Director, CPT Operations and Infrastructure: Barbara Benstead
Director, Product Management, CPT Infrastructure: Julio Rodriguez
Marketing Manager II: Vanessa Prieto

Printed in the United States of America. 23 24 25/ BD-RD / 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Professional ISBN: 978-1-64016-284-6

ISSN: 0276-8283

Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) is copyright 1966, 1970, 1973, 1977, 1981, 1983-2023 by the
American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

1st Edition printed 1966

2nd Edition printed 1970
3rd Edition printed 1973
4th Edition printed 1977
Revised: 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993,
1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009,
2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or
by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher.

To purchase additional CPT products, contact (800) 621-8335 or visit the AMA Store at amastore.com.

Refer to product number EP054124.

To request a license for distribution of products containing or reprinting CPT codes and/or guidelines,
please see our website at www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt, or contact the American Medical Association
CPT/DBP Intellectual Property Services, 330 North Wabash Avenue, Suite 39300, Chicago, IL 60611,
312 464-5022.

AC50:EP054124:9/2023
Disclaimers and Notices
This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information regarding the subject
matter covered. While the AMA and the authors have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they
make no representations or warranties, whether expressed or implied, regarding the accuracy or
completeness of any information provided in this publication and specifically disclaim any implied
warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. The materials and information contained
herein are provided AS IS. The information in this publication is not, and should not be relied on, as
medical, legal, financial, or other professional advice, and participants are encouraged to consult a
professional advisor for any such advice.
Codes and other materials and information presented in this book do not (i) constitute clinical advice, (ii)
address or dictate payer coverage or reimbursement policy, or (iii) substitute for the professional
judgment of the practitioner performing a procedure or providing a service, who remains responsible for
correct coding.
Company and product names cited herein are not an endorsement by the AMA.
No unauthorized third party can offer coding guidance on behalf of the AMA.
This publication is for personal use only. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, transmitted, or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written
permission of the AMA.
Neither the AMA nor its staff shall be held liable or responsible for any loss or damage, including but not
limited to special, incidental, or consequential damages, allegedly arising from any information or
suggestion contained in this publication.
Use of Copyright Protection Technology in CPT®
Professional 2024 Codebook
The American Medical Association (AMA) takes the copyright protection of its content very seriously
and is committed to providing the most effective anti-piracy efforts for its authors and readers. To help
combat print piracy, protect our intellectual properties, and ensure our customers’ right to authentic AMA-
certified content, the AMA has adopted copyright protection technology in the CPT® Professional 2024
codebook.
To protect the copyrighted content and prevent counterfeiting of the CPT® Professional 2024 codebook
using scanners and photocopiers, this book is equipped with state-of-the-art anti-piracy technology within
its pages. Therefore, you will notice light-yellow dots in a small rectangle at the bottom of most pages in
this book. We have verified that these dots will not impede your ability to read or view the content of the
book. As a result of the implementation of this anti-piracy technology, you will notice the pages in this
codebook cannot be reproduced by photocopy or scan in accordance with current copyright rules and
laws.
In addition to stopping counterfeit book production and protecting the copyrighted content of this manual,
the use of anti-piracy technology is designed specifically to protect you, the end-user, by ensuring that you
are using an accurate, high-quality, and authentic AMA-certified version of the reference manual. We
appreciate your efforts and cooperation in reducing content piracy and improving copyright protections.
About CPT
Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®), Fourth Edition, is a listing of descriptive terms and identifying
codes for reporting medical services and procedures performed by physicians and other qualified health
care professionals. The purpose of the terminology is to provide a uniform language that will accurately
describe medical, surgical, and diagnostic services, and will thereby provide an effective means for
reliable nationwide communication among physicians and other qualified health care professionals,
patients, and third parties. CPT 2024 is the most recent revision of a work that first appeared in 1966.
CPT descriptive terms and identifying codes currently serve a wide variety of important functions in the
field of medical nomenclature. The CPT code set is useful for administrative management purposes such
as claims processing and for the development of guidelines for medical care review. The uniform
language is also applicable to medical education and outcomes, health services, and quality research by
providing a useful basis for local, regional, and national utilization comparisons. The CPT code set is the
most widely accepted nomenclature for the reporting of physician and other qualified health care
professional procedures and services under government and private health insurance programs. In 2000,
the CPT code set was designated by the Department of Health and Human Services as the national coding
standard for physician and other health care professional services and procedures under the Health
Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). This means that for all financial and
administrative health care transactions sent electronically, the CPT code set will need to be used.
The changes that appear in this revision have been prepared by the CPT Editorial Panel with the
assistance of physicians and representatives of other health care professions representing all specialties
of medicine, and with important contributions from many third-party payers and governmental agencies.
The American Medical Association trusts that this revision will continue the usefulness of its
predecessors in identifying, describing, and coding medical, surgical, and diagnostic services.
Maintenance and Authorship of the CPT Code Set
The CPT Editorial Panel (Panel) is tasked with ensuring that CPT codes remain up to date and reflect the
latest medical care provided to patients. In order to do this, the Panel maintains an open process and
convenes meetings at a minimum three times per year.
The Panel wishes to sincerely thank the many national medical specialty societies, health insurance
organizations and agencies, and individual physicians and other health professionals who have made
contributions. In particular, the Panel acknowledges the efforts of the following Panel Organizational and
Coding Liaison Participants:
Sue Bowman, RHIA, American Health Information Management Association
Raemarie Jimenez, CPC, American Academy of Professional Coders
Tammy R. Love, RHIA, CCS, CDIP, CMA, American Hospital Association
Mary E. Little, RN, CPC, Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association
Edith Hambrick, MD, JD, MPH, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
Karen Nakano, MD, MS, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
Also key to authorship of the code set and resulting CPT Professional Edition codebook is AMA CPT
staff. This experienced team prepares agenda materials for each panel meeting, facilitates the application
process, compiles and reviews advisor comments, reconciles differences in opinions, and ultimately
compiles all resulting information into a codebook filled with informative guidelines, practical tips, and
procedural illustrations.
AMA CPT Staff
Shawn Agyeman
Jay T. Ahlman
Samantha L. Ashley, MS
Thilani Attale, MS
Jennifer Bell, BS, RHIT, CPC, CPMA, CPC-I, CEMC, CPEDC
Barbara Benstead
Andrei Besleaga, BS, RHIT
Meryl Bloomrosen, MBI, MBA, FAMIA, FAHIMA
Kemi Borokini, MSHI, RHIA, CCS
Kyle Dahl
Martha Espronceda
Desiree D. Evans, BS
Kerri Fei, MSN, RN
DeHandro Hayden, BS
Zach Hochstetler, MPP, MBA, CPC
Natasha Lafayette-Jones, MBA, RHIA
Mark Levine
Charniece J. Martin, MBA, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P
Caitlin Mora
Sara F. Nakira, BS
Karen E. O’Hara, BS, CCS-P
Leslie W. Prellwitz, MBA, CCS, CCS-P
Desiree Rozell, MPA
Miroslava Rudneva, MS, RHIT, CCS, CRC, COBGC
Nancy Spector, BSN, MSC
Lianne Stancik, BA, RHIT
Keisha A. Sutton-Asaya, MHA, CPC
Okwara Uzoh
Ada Walker, CCA
Arletrice Watkins, MHA, RHIA
Chad Whitney
Rejina L. Young
AMA CPT Advisory Committee
Academy of Sleep Medicine
Lawrence J. Epstein, MD
Vikas Jain, MD, FAASM
American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Benjamin N. Shain, MD, PhD
Morgan Fallor, MD‡
American Academy of Dermatology
Alexander Miller, MD
Ann F. Haas, MD
American Academy of Family Physicians
Mary Krebs, MD
Michael Hanak, MD‡
American Academy of Neurology
Neil A. Busis, MD
Raissa Villanueva, MD‡
American Academy of Ophthalmology
Michael X. Repka, MD, MBA
John M. Haley, MD
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
Frank R. Voss, MD
Julie Y. Bishop, MD
American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
James Lin, MD, FACS
Jay Shah, MD
American Academy of Pain Medicine
Eduardo M. Fraifeld, MD
American Academy of Pediatrics
Renee F. Slade, MD
Joel F. Bradley, Jr, MD, FAAP
American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Joseph P. Shivers, MD‡
Antigone Argyiou, MD‡
American Association for Thoracic Surgery
Scott C. Silvestry, MD
Charles C. Canver, MD
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
William C. Biggs, MD, FACE, ECNU
Pavan Chava, DO, FACE
American Association of Clinical Urologists
Jeffery Glaser, MD, FACS
American Association of Neurological Surgeons
Joshua M. Rosenow, MD, FAANS, FACS
American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine
Earl J. Craig, MD
John C. Kincaid, MD
American Clinical Neurophysiology Society
Marc R. Nuwer, MD, PhD, FAAN, FACP
Eva Ritzl, MD‡
American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology
James L. Sublett, MD
Gary N. Gross, MD
American College of Cardiology
Randall C. Thompson, MD
Barbara Pisani, DO, FAHA, FACC
American College of Chest Physicians
Steve G. Peters, MD
Michael E. Nelson, MD, FCCP
American College of Emergency Physicians
J. Mark Meredith, III, MD, MMM, FACEP
Michael J. Lemanski, MD, FACEP, FAAFP
American College of Gastroenterology
Christopher Y. Kim, MD, MBA, FACG, FASGE, AGAF, FACP
American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics
David B. Flannery, MD
American College of Mohs Surgery
David B. Pharis, MD, PC
Kishwer S. Nehal, MD
American College of Nuclear Medicine
Gary L. Dillehay, MD, FACNP, FACR
Alan K. Klitzke, MD, FACNM
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Judith Volkar, MD, MBA
Jordan G. Pritzker, MD, MBA, FACOG
American College of Physicians
Jeannine Z. Engel, MD, FACP
American College of Radiation Oncology
Sheila Rege, MD, FACRO
Andy W. Su, MD
American College of Radiology
Mark D. Alson, MD, FACR, RCC
Timothy A. Crummy, MD, RCC
American College of Rheumatology
Joseph E. Huffstutter, MD
American College of Surgeons
Megan E. McNally, MD, FACS
Jayme Lieberman, MD‡
American Dental Association
Joshua E. Everts, DDS, MD
Adam S. Pitts, DDS, MD
American Gastroenterological Association
Braden Kuo, MD
Joseph Losurdo, MD
American Geriatrics Society
Robert A. Zorowitz, MD, MBA, FACP, AGSF, CMD
American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
Fadi Bsat, MD‡
American Orthopaedic Association
M. Bradford Henley, MD
Adam Levin, MD‡
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society
John A. DiPreta, MD
American Osteopathic Association
James M. Bailey, DO, PhD
Boyd Buser, DO, FACOFP
American Psychiatric Association
Jeremy S. Musher, MD, DFAPA
Sarah E. Parsons, MD
American Rhinologic Society
Bradford Woodworth, MD
Stacey Gray, MD
American Roentgen Ray Society
Eric M. Rubin, MD
Dana H. Smetherman, MD, MPH, FACR
American Society for Clinical Pathology
Lee H. Hilborne, MD, MPH, FASCP
American Society for Dermatologic Surgery
Murad Alam, MD, MBA
American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Glenn D. Littenberg, MD, MACP
Edward Sun, MD‡
American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
Joseph Northup, MD‡
American Society for Radiation Oncology
Catheryn M. Yashar, MD
Anita Mahajan, MD‡
American Society for Surgery of the Hand
Steven H Goldberg, MD
Thomas D. Kaplan, MD
American Society of Addiction Medicine
Joel V. Brill, MD, FACP, AGAF
American Society of Anesthesiologists
Edward R. Mariano, MD
American Society of Breast Surgeons
Richard E. Fine, MD, FACS
Walton Taylor, MD
American Society of Clinical Oncology
Joseph J. Merchant, MD
Christian A. Thomas, MD
American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons
William J. Harb, MD, FACS
Joshua M. Eberhardt, MD, MBA, FACS, FASCRS
American Society of Cytopathology
Carol A. Filomena, MD
American Society of Dermatopathology
Jonathan S. Ralston, MD
Aleodor A. Andea, MD, MBA
American Society of Echocardiography
Michael L. Main, MD
Susan A. Mayer, MD
American Society of General Surgeons
George K. Gillian, MD, FACS
American Society of Hematology
Samuel M. Silver, MD, PhD, MACP, FAHA, FASCO
Chancellor E. Donald, MD
American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians
Mahendra Sanapati, MD
Sachin Jha, MD, MS
American Society of Neuroimaging
Ryan Hakimi, DO, MS
American Society of Neuroradiology
Colin M. Segovis, MD, PhD
Gaurang V. Shah, MD
American Society of Nuclear Cardiology
Friederike Keating, MD
American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
L. Neal Freeman, MD, MBA, CCS-P, FACS
American Society of Plastic Surgeons
Jeffrey H. Kozlow, MD, MS
David Schnur, MD‡
American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
Houman Danesh, MD‡
David N. Flynn, MD‡
American Society of Retina Specialists
Gayatri S. Reilly, MD
Christopher R. Henry, MD
American Thoracic Society
Stephen P. Hoffmann, MD
Michael E. Nelson, MD, FCCP
American Urological Association
Jonathan R. Rubenstein, MD
Jay A. Motola, MD, FACS
American Vein & Lymphatic Society
Satish Vayuvegula, MD, MS
Michael S. Graves, MD
Association of University Radiologists
Shiva Gupta, MD‡
Christina Marks, MD‡
College of American Pathologists
Ronald W. McLawhon, MD, PhD
Congress of Neurological Surgeons
Henry H. Woo, MD, FACS, FAANS
Cheerag D. Upadhyaya, MD, MS, FACS
Heart Rhythm Society
Christopher F. Liu, MD, FACC, FHRS
Sumeet Mainigi, MD‡
Infectious Diseases Society of America
Ronald E. Devine, MD
International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery
James J. Yue, MD
Morgan L. Lorio, MD, FACS
National Association of Medical Examiners
Allecia M. Wilson, MD
North American Neuromodulation Society
Corey W. Hunter, MD
Dawood Sayed, MD
North American Spine Society
David Cohen, MD‡
David R. O’Brien, Jr, MD
Outpatient Endovascular and Interventional Society
Eric J. Dippel, MD‡
Radiological Society of North America
Timothy A. Crummy, MD
Cindy Yuan, MD‡
Renal Physicians Association
Timothy A. Pflederer, MD
Jeffrey Perlmutter, MD‡
Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions
Arthur C. Lee, MD, FSCAI
Andrew M. Goldsweig, MD
Society for Investigative Dermatology
Stephen P. Stone, MD
Society for Vascular Surgery
Sean P. Roddy, MD, FACS
Sunita D. Srivastava, MD
Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons
John S. Roth, MD, FACS
Kevin E. Wasco, MD, FACS
Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography
Ahmad M. Slim, MD
Society of Critical Care Medicine
Piyush Mathur, MD
Society of Interventional Radiology
Ammar Sarwar, MD
Ashok Bhanushali, MD
Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
Scott C. Bartley, MD
Gary L. Dillehay, MD, FACNP, FACR
Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Francis C. Nichols, III, MD
Jeffrey P. Jacobs, MD, FACS, FACC, FCCP
The Endocrine Society
Ricardo Correa Marquez, MD‡
Sandhya Chhabra, MD
The Spinal Intervention Society
Scott I. Horn, DO
The Triological Society
Brian J. McKinnon, MD, MBA
Richard W. Waguespack, MD, FACS
United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology
Dennis O’Malley, MD‡
Ericka Olgaard, DO‡
‡New Advisors
AMA Health Care Professionals Advisory Committee
(HCPAC)
Christopher L. Jagmin, MD, FAAFP*, Co-Chair
AMA CPT Editorial Panel
Douglas C. Morrow, OD, Co-Chair
AMA CPT Editorial Panel
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
Keith-Thomas Ayoob, EdD, RN, FADA, CSP
Jessie M. Pavlinac, MS, RD, CSR, LD
American Academy of Audiology
Brad A. Stach, PhD
Annette A. Burton, AuD
American Academy of Physician Assistants
Patrick J. Cafferty, MPAS, PA-C
American Association of Naturopathic Physicians
Eva Miller, ND
Amy E. Hobson, ND
American Association for Respiratory Care
Susan Rinaldo-Gallo, Med, RRT, FAARC, CTTS
American Chiropractic Association
Leo Bronston, DC, MappSc
Kris Anderson, DC, MS
American Massage Therapy Association
Nancy M. Porambo, BA, MS, LMT, NCTMB
American Nurses Association
Jill Olmstead, MSN, NP-C, ANP-BC, FAANP
Julia Rogers, DNP, RN, CNS, FNP-BC‡
American Occupational Therapy Association
Leslie F. Davidson, PhD, OTR/L
Tippi S. Geron, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA
American Optometric Association
Rebecca H. Wartman, OD
Harvey B. Richman, OD, FAAO
American Physical Therapy Association
Kathleen M. Picard, PT
Jonathan Morren, PT, DPT‡
American Podiatric Medical Association
Ira H. Kraus, DPM
Sarah M. Abshier, DPM
American Psychological Association
Neil H. Pliskin, PhD, ABPP-CN
Stephen Gillaspy, PhD
American Society of Acupuncturists
Chanta Sloma, DACM
Jessica Gregory, MSAOM
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
Renee Kinder, MS, CCC-SLP
Stuart G. Trembath, MA, CCC-A
National Association of Social Workers
Mirean F. Coleman, LICSW
National Athletic Trainers’ Association
Karen D. Fennell, MS, ATC
Joseph J. Greene, MS, ATC
National Society of Genetic Counselors
Brian Reys, MS, CGC‡
Pharmacy Health Information Technology Collaborative
Brian J. Isetts, PhD, BCPS, FAPhA
Laura J. Hanson, PharmD, MBA, BCPS‡

*Member of the CPT Executive Committee

‡New Advisors
Contents
Disclaimer and Notices
About CPT
Maintenance and Authorship of the CPT Code Set
AMA CPT Staff

Introduction
Release of CPT Codes
Section Numbers and Their Sequences
Instructions for Use of the CPT Codebook
Format of the Terminology
Requests to Update the CPT Nomenclature
Application Submission Requirements
General Criteria for Category I, II, and III Codes
Category-Specific Requirements
▶ Audio-Video (Appendix P) and Audio-Only (Appendix T) Telemedicine Services Criteria◀
Guidelines
Add-on Codes
Modifiers
Place of Service and Facility Reporting
Unlisted Procedure or Service
Results, Testing, Interpretation, and Report
Special Report
Time
Code Symbols
Alphabetical Reference Index
Use of Anti-Piracy Technology in CPT Professional 2024 Codebook
CPT 2024 in Electronic Formats
References to AMA Resources

Illustrated Anatomical and Procedural Review

Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots
 Numbers
Surgical Procedures
Conditions
Directions and Positions
Additional References
Medical Dictionaries
Anatomy References
Lists of Illustrations
Anatomical Illustrations
Procedural Illustrations
Evaluation and Management Tables

Legend for CPT® Code Symbols

Evaluation and Management (E/M) Services Guidelines

E/M Guidelines Overview
Classification of Evaluation and Management (E/M) Services
Levels of E/M Services
Unlisted Service
Special Report

Evaluation and Management

Office or Other Outpatient Services
Hospital Observation Services
Hospital Inpatient and Observation Care Services
Consultations
Emergency Department Services
Critical Care Services
Nursing Facility Services
Domiciliary, Rest Home (eg, Boarding Home), or Custodial Care Services
Domiciliary, Rest Home (eg, Assisted Living Facility), or Home Care Plan Oversight Services
Home or Residence Services
Prolonged Services
Case Management Services
Care Plan Oversight Services
Preventive Medicine Services
Non-Face-to-Face Services
 Special Evaluation and Management Services
Newborn Care Services
Delivery/Birthing Room Attendance and Resuscitation Services
Inpatient Neonatal Intensive Care Services and Pediatric and Neonatal Critical Care Services
Cognitive Assessment and Care Plan Services
Care Management Services
Psychiatric Collaborative Care Management Services
Transitional Care Management Services
Advance Care Planning
General Behavioral Health Integration Care Management
Other Evaluation and Management Services

Anesthesia Guidelines
Time Reporting
Anesthesia Services
Supplied Materials
Separate or Multiple Procedures
Unlisted Service or Procedure
Special Report
Anesthesia Modifiers
Qualifying Circumstances

Anesthesia
Head
Neck
Thorax (Chest Wall and Shoulder Girdle)
Intrathoracic
Spine and Spinal Cord
Upper Abdomen
Lower Abdomen
Perineum
Pelvis (Except Hip)
Upper Leg (Except Knee)
Knee and Popliteal Area
Lower Leg (Below Knee, Includes Ankle and Foot)
Shoulder and Axilla
 Upper Arm and Elbow
Forearm, Wrist, and Hand
Radiological Procedures
Burn Excisions or Debridement
Obstetric
Other Procedures

Surgery Guidelines
Services
CPT Surgical Package Definition
Follow-Up Care for Diagnostic Procedures
Follow-Up Care for Therapeutic Surgical Procedures
Supplied Materials
Reporting More Than One Procedure/Service
Separate Procedure
Unlisted Service or Procedure
Special Report
Imaging Guidance
Surgical Destruction
Foreign Body/Implant Definition

Surgery
General
Integumentary System
Musculoskeletal System
Respiratory System
Cardiovascular System
Hemic and Lymphatic Systems
Mediastinum and Diaphragm
Digestive System
Urinary System
Male Genital System
Reproductive System Procedures
Intersex Surgery
Female Genital System
Maternity Care and Delivery
 Endocrine System
Nervous System
Eye and Ocular Adnexa
Auditory System
Operating Microscope

Radiology Guidelines (Including Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Ultrasound)

Subject Listings
Separate Procedures
Unlisted Service or Procedure
Special Report
Supervision and Interpretation, Imaging Guidance
Administration of Contrast Material(s)
Written Report(s)
Foreign Body/Implant Definition

Radiology
Diagnostic Radiology (Diagnostic Imaging)
Diagnostic Ultrasound
Radiologic Guidance
Breast, Mammography
Bone/Joint Studies
Radiation Oncology
Nuclear Medicine

Pathology and Laboratory Guidelines

Services in Pathology and Laboratory
Separate or Multiple Procedures
Unlisted Service or Procedure
Special Report

Pathology and Laboratory

Organ or Disease-Oriented Panels
Drug Assay
Therapeutic Drug Assays
Evocative/Suppression Testing
Pathology Clinical Consultations
Urinalysis
 Molecular Pathology
Genomic Sequencing Procedures and Other Molecular Multianalyte Assays
Multianalyte Assays with Algorithmic Analyses
Chemistry
Hematology and Coagulation
Immunology
Transfusion Medicine
Microbiology
Anatomic Pathology
Cytopathology
Cytogenetic Studies
Surgical Pathology
In Vivo (eg, Transcutaneous) Laboratory Procedures
Other Procedures
Reproductive Medicine Procedures
Proprietary Laboratory Analyses

Medicine Guidelines
Add-on Codes
Separate Procedures
Unlisted Service or Procedure
Special Report
Imaging Guidance
Supplied Materials
Foreign Body/Implant Definition

Medicine
Immune Globulins, Serum or Recombinant Products
Immunization Administration for Vaccines/Toxoids
Vaccines, Toxoids
Psychiatry
Biofeedback
Dialysis
Gastroenterology
Ophthalmology
Special Otorhinolaryngologic Services
 Cardiovascular
Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostic Studies
Pulmonary
Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Endocrinology
Neurology and Neuromuscular Procedures
Medical Genetics and Genetic Counseling Services
Adaptive Behavior Services
Central Nervous System Assessments/Tests (eg, Neuro-Cognitive, Mental Status, Speech Testing)
Health Behavior Assessment and Intervention
Behavior Management Services
Hydration, Therapeutic, Prophylactic, Diagnostic Injections and Infusions, and Chemotherapy and
Other Highly Complex Drug or Highly Complex Biologic Agent Administration
Photodynamic Therapy
Special Dermatological Procedures
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Medical Nutrition Therapy
Acupuncture
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment
Chiropractic Manipulative Treatment
Education and Training for Patient Self-Management
Non-Face-to-Face Nonphysician Services
Special Services, Procedures and Reports
Qualifying Circumstances for Anesthesia
Moderate (Conscious) Sedation
Other Services and Procedures
Home Health Procedures/Services
Medication Therapy Management Services

Category II Codes
Modifiers
Composite Codes
Patient Management
Patient History
Physical Examination
Diagnostic/Screening Processes or Results
 Therapeutic, Preventive, or Other Interventions
Follow-up or Other Outcomes
Patient Safety
Structural Measures
Nonmeasure Code Listing

Category III Codes

Appendix A—Modifiers

Appendix B—Summary of Additions, Deletions, and Revisions

Appendix C—Clinical Examples

Appendix D—Summary of CPT Add-on Codes

Appendix E—Summary of CPT Codes Exempt from Modifier 51

Appendix F—Summary of CPT Codes Exempt from Modifier 63

Appendix G—Summary of CPT Codes That Include Moderate (Conscious) Sedation

Appendix H—Alphabetical Clinical Topics Listing (AKA – Alphabetical Listing)

Appendix I—Genetic Testing Code Modifiers

Appendix J—Electrodiagnostic Medicine Listing of Sensory, Motor, and Mixed Nerves

Appendix K—Product Pending FDA Approval

Appendix L—Vascular Families

Appendix M—Renumbered CPT Codes–Citations Crosswalk

Appendix N—Summary of Resequenced CPT Codes

Appendix O—Multianalyte Assays with Algorithmic Analyses and Proprietary Laboratory Analyses

Appendix P—▶CPT Codes That May Be Used for Synchronous Real-Time Interactive Audio-Video
Telemedicine Services◀

Appendix Q—Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (coronavirus

disease [COVID-19]) Vaccines

Appendix R—Digital Medicine–Services Taxonomy

Appendix S—Artificial Intelligence Taxonomy for Medical Services and Procedures

Appendix T—CPT Codes That May Be Used for Synchronous Real-Time Interactive Audio-Only
Telemedicine Services
Index
Introduction
Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®), Fourth Edition, is a set of codes, descriptions, and guidelines
intended to describe procedures and services performed by physicians and other qualified health care
professionals, or entities. Each procedure or service is identified with a five-digit code. The use of CPT
codes simplifies the reporting of procedures and services. In the CPT code set, the term “procedure” is
used to describe services, including diagnostic tests.
Inclusion of a descriptor and its associated five-digit code number in the CPT Category I code set is
based on whether the procedure or service is consistent with contemporary medical practice and is
performed by many practitioners in clinical practice in multiple locations. Inclusion in the CPT code set
of a procedure or service, or proprietary name, does not represent endorsement by the American Medical
Association (AMA) of any particular diagnostic or therapeutic procedure or service or proprietary test or
manufacturer. Inclusion or exclusion of a procedure or service, or proprietary name, does not imply any
health insurance coverage or reimbursement policy.
The main body of the Category I section is listed in six sections. Each section is divided into subsections
with anatomic, procedural, condition, or descriptor subheadings. The procedures and services with their
identifying codes are presented in numeric order with the exception of the resequenced codes and the
entire Evaluation and Management section (99202-99499), which appears at the beginning of the listed
procedures. The evaluation and management codes are used by most physicians in reporting a significant
portion of their services.

Release of CPT Codes

The CPT code set is published annually in late summer or early fall as both electronic data files and
books. The release of CPT data files occurs annually between August 31 and early September. The
release of the CPT Professional publication comes several weeks later. However, to meet the needs of a
rapidly changing health care environment, the CPT code set is periodically updated throughout the year on
a set schedule. Each update has both a release date and an effective date. The interval between the release
of the update and the effective date is considered an implementation period and is intended to allow
physicians and other providers, payers, and vendors to incorporate CPT changes into their systems.
Changes to the CPT code set are meant to be applied prospectively from the effective date. The following
table outlines the complete CPT code set update calendar.
New CPT codes have been created to streamline services related to the novel coronavirus. It is
imperative to check the AMA CPT public website at https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-
management/cpt/covid-19-coding-and-guidance throughout the year to obtain the necessary frequent
updates to the CPT code set.
CPT Code Set Update Calendar
Release Effective
CPT Category/Section Timeline Timeline
Category I
August 31 January 1
Category II
Category III January 1 July 1
Immune Globulins, Serum, or Recombinant Products Vaccines, July 1 January 1
Toxoids
Molecular Pathology Tier 2 Administrative MAAA April 1 July 1
July 1 October 1
October 1* January 1
PLA January 1 April 1
April 1 July 1
July 1 October 1
October 1 January 1
*Note that the release date may be delayed by several days due to the timing of the CPT Panel fall meeting.

It is imperative to check the AMA CPT public website throughout the year to obtain the necessary updates
to the CPT code set. The following are several links on the AMA CPT website where these updates can
be found:
• Category III codes: ama-assn.org/cpt-cat-iii-codes
• Immune globulins, serum, or recombinant products and vaccines, toxoids: ama-assn.org/cpt-cat-i-
immunization-codes
• Proprietary Laboratory Analyses (PLA) codes: ama-assn.org/cpt-pla-codes
• Administrative MAAA codes: ama-assn.org/practice-management/cpt/multianalyte-assays-algorithmic-
analyses-codes
• Molecular pathology tier 2 codes: ama-assn.org/mo-path-tier-2-codes
• General errata and technical correction updates: ama-assn.org/practice-management/cpt/errata-
technical-corrections

Section Numbers and Their Sequences

Evaluation and Management 99202-99499
Anesthesiology 00100-01999, 99100-99140
Surgery 10004-69990
Radiology (Including Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic
Ultrasound) 70010-79999
Pathology and Laboratory 80047-89398, 0001U-0419U
Medicine (except Anesthesiology) 90281-99199, 99500-99607, 0001A-
0174A

The first and last code numbers and the subsection name of the items appear at the top margin of most
pages (eg, “10004-11005 Surgery/Integumentary System”). The continuous pagination of the CPT
codebook is found on the lower margin of each page along with explanation of any code symbols that are
found on that page.

Instructions for Use of the CPT Codebook

▶Select the CPT code of the procedure or service that accurately identifies the procedure or service
performed. Do not select a CPT code that merely approximates the procedure or service provided. If no
such specific code exists, then report the procedure or service using the appropriate unlisted procedure or
service code. When using an unlisted code, any modifying or extenuating circumstances should be
adequately and accurately documented in the medical record.◀
It is equally important to recognize that as techniques in medicine and surgery have evolved, new types of
services, including minimally invasive surgery, as well as endovascular, percutaneous, and endoscopic
interventions have challenged the traditional distinction of Surgery vs Medicine. Thus, the listing of a
service or procedure in a specific section of this book should not be interpreted as strictly classifying the
service or procedure as “surgery” or “not surgery” for insurance or other purposes. The placement of a
given service in a specific section of the book may reflect historical or other considerations (eg,
placement of the percutaneous peripheral vascular endovascular interventions in the
Surgery/Cardiovascular System section, while the percutaneous coronary interventions appear in the
Medicine/Cardiovascular section).
When advanced practice nurses and physician assistants are working with physicians, they are considered
as working in the exact same specialty and subspecialty as the physician. A “physician or other qualified
health care professional” is an individual who is qualified by education, training, licensure/regulation
(when applicable), and facility privileging (when applicable) who performs a professional service within
his/her scope of practice and independently reports that professional service. These professionals are
distinct from “clinical staff.” A clinical staff member is a person who works under the supervision of a
physician or other qualified health care professional and who is allowed by law, regulation, and facility
policy to perform or assist in the performance of a specified professional service but who does not
individually report that professional service. Other policies may also affect who may report specific
services.
Throughout the CPT code set the use of terms such as “physician,” “qualified health care professional,” or
“individual” is not intended to indicate that other entities may not report the service. In selected instances,
specific instructions may define a service as limited to professionals or limited to other entities (eg,
hospital or home health agency).
Instructions, typically included as parenthetical notes with selected codes, indicate that a code should not
be reported with another code or codes. These instructions are intended to prevent errors of significant
probability and are not all inclusive. For example, the code with such instructions may be a component of
another code and therefore it would be incorrect to report both codes even when the component service is
performed. These instructions are not intended as a listing of all possible code combinations that should
not be reported, nor do they indicate all possible code combinations that are appropriately reported.
When reporting codes for services provided, it is important to assure the accuracy and quality of coding
through verification of the intent of the code by use of the related guidelines, parenthetical instructions,
and coding resources, including CPT Assistant and other publications resulting from collaborative efforts
of the American Medical Association with the medical specialty societies (ie, Clinical Examples in
Radiology).
▶Because Category I or Category III codes may incorporate multiple components (bundled) that could be
reported separately with other existing codes, “unbundling” of codes into their component parts for
reporting purposes or combining those components with an unlisted code is inappropriate. For example, it
would be inappropriate to separately report both codes 42825, Tonsillectomy, primary or secondary;
younger than age 12, and 42830, Adenoidectomy, primary; younger than age 12, for removal of the
tonsils and adenoids, because these two procedures are reported together using code 42820,
Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy; younger than age 12. Multiple Category I or Category III codes may
be reported together to describe the totality of service rendered for a given patient encounter if they
represent separately reportable services. Individual components of a procedure or service specified as
part of a Category I or Category III code descriptor are reported neither separately with an existing CPT
code nor with an unlisted code. Procedural steps necessary to reach the operative site and to close the
operative site are also not reported separately, unless otherwise instructed by CPT guidelines or
parenthetical notes. For example, a laparoscopic cholecystectomy should not be reported together with a
code for the incision or a code for the repair of the surgical wound because these are inherent procedural
steps needed to accomplish the cholecystectomy. However, if an excision of a benign lesion requires a
complex repair for closure, both the lesion excision and the complex repair code are reported separately
because the Repair (Closure) Guidelines indicate that “complex repair does not include excision of
benign (11400-11446) or malignant (11600-11646) lesions.”◀

Format of the Terminology

The CPT code set has been developed as stand-alone descriptions of medical procedures. However,
some of the procedures in the CPT codebook are not printed in their entirety but refer back to a common
portion of the procedure listed in a preceding entry. This is evident when an entry is followed by one or
more indentations. This is done in an effort to conserve space.
Example
25100 Arthrotomy, wrist joint; with biopsy
25105 with synovectomy
Note that the common part of code 25100 (the part before the semicolon) should also be considered part
of code 25105. Therefore, the full procedure represented by code 25105 should read:
25105 Arthrotomy, wrist joint; with synovectomy

Requests to Update the CPT Nomenclature

The effectiveness of the CPT nomenclature depends on constant updating to reflect changes in medical
practice. This can only be accomplished through the interest and timely suggestions of practicing
physicians and other qualified health care professionals, specialty/professional societies, state medical
associations, organizations, agencies, individual users of the CPT code set, and other stakeholders.
Accordingly, the AMA welcomes correspondence, inquiries, and suggestions concerning CPT coding and
nomenclature for old and new procedures and services, as well as any matters relating to the CPT code
set.
For information on submission of an application to add, delete, or revise codes contained in the CPT code
set, please see www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt-processfaq or contact:
CPT Editorial Research & Development
American Medical Association
330 North Wabash Avenue
Suite 39300
Chicago IL 60611-5885
Code change applications are available at the AMA’s CPT website at https://www.ama-
assn.org/practice-management/cpt/cpt-code-change-applications.
All proposed changes to the CPT code set will be considered by the CPT Editorial Panel in consultation
with medical specialty societies as represented by the CPT Advisory Committee, other health care
professional societies as represented by the Health Care Professionals Advisory Committee (HCPAC),
and other interested parties.

Application Submission Requirements

All complete CPT code change applications are reviewed and evaluated by the CPT staff, the
CPT/HCPAC Advisory Committee, and the CPT Editorial Panel. Strict conformance with the following is
required for review of a code change application:
• Submission of a complete application, including all necessary supporting documents;
• Adherence to all posted deadlines;
• Cooperation with requests from the CPT staff and/or Editorial Panel members for clarification and
information; and
• Compliance with CPT Lobbying Policy.

General Criteria for Category I, II, and III Codes

All Category I, II, and III code change applications must satisfy each of the following criteria:
• The proposed descriptor is unique, well-defined, and describes a procedure or service that is clearly
identified and distinguished from existing procedures and services already in the CPT code set;
• The descriptor structure, guidelines, and instructions are consistent with the current CPT Editorial
Panel standards for maintenance of the code set;
• The proposed descriptor for the procedure or service is neither a fragmentation of an existing
procedure or service nor currently reportable as a complete service by one or more existing codes
(with the exclusion of unlisted codes). However, procedures and services frequently performed
together may require new or revised codes;
• The structure and content of the proposed code descriptor accurately reflects the procedure or service
as typically performed. If always or frequently performed with one or more other procedures or
services, the descriptor structure and content will reflect the typical combination or complete
procedure or service;
• The descriptor for the procedure or service is not proposed as a means to report extraordinary
circumstances related to the performance of a procedure or service already described in the CPT code
set; and
• The procedure or service satisfies the category-specific criteria set forth below.

Category-Specific Requirements
Category I Criteria
A proposal for a new or revised Category I code must satisfy all of the following criteria:
• All devices and drugs necessary for performance of the procedure or service have received FDA
clearance or approval when such is required for performance of the procedure or service;
• The procedure or service is performed by many physicians or other qualified health care professionals
across the United States;
• The procedure or service is performed with frequency consistent with the intended clinical use (ie, a
service for a common condition should have high volume, whereas a service commonly performed for
a rare condition may have low volume);
• The procedure or service is consistent with current medical practice; and
• The clinical efficacy of the procedure or service is documented in literature that meets the requirements
set forth in the CPT code change application.
Category II Criteria
The following criteria are used by the CPT/HCPAC and the CPT Editorial Panel for evaluating Category
II code applications:
• Measurements that were developed and tested by a national organization;
• Evidence-based measurements with established ties to health outcomes;
• Measurements that address clinical conditions of high prevalence, high risk, or high cost; and
• Well-established measurements that are currently being used by large segments of the health care
industry across the country.
In addition, all of the following are required:
• Definition or purpose of the measure is consistent with its intended use (quality improvement and
accountability, or solely quality improvement)
• Aspect of care measured is substantially influenced by the physician (or other qualified health care
professional or entity for which the code may be relevant)
• Reduces data collection burden on physicians (or other qualified health care professionals or entities)
• Significant
 ○ Affects a large segment of health care community
○ Tied to health outcomes
○ Addresses clinical conditions of high prevalence, high costs, high risks
• Evidence-based
○ Agreed upon
○ Definable
○ Measurable
• Risk-adjustment specifications and instructions for all outcome measures submitted or compelling
evidence as to why risk adjustment is not relevant
• Sufficiently detailed to make it useful for multiple purposes
• Facilitates reporting of performance measure(s)
• Inclusion of select patient history, testing (eg, glycohemoglobin), other process measures, cognitive or
procedure services within CPT, or physiologic measures (eg, blood pressure) to support performance
measurements
• Performance measure–development process that includes
○ Nationally recognized expert panel
○ Multidisciplinary
○ Vetting process
Category III Criteria
The following criteria are used by the CPT/HCPAC Advisory Committee and the CPT Editorial Panel for
evaluating Category III code applications:
• The procedure or service is currently or recently performed in humans; and
At least one of the following additional criteria has been met:
• The application is supported by at least one CPT or HCPAC advisor representing practitioners who
would use this procedure or service; or
• The actual or potential clinical efficacy of the specific procedure or service is supported by peer
reviewed literature, which is available in English for examination by the CPT Editorial Panel; or
• There is (a) at least one Institutional Review Board–approved protocol of a study of the procedure or
service being performed; (b) a description of a current and ongoing United States trial outlining the
efficacy of the procedure or service; or (c) other evidence of evolving clinical utilization.

▶Audio-Video (Appendix P) and Audio-Only (Appendix T)

Telemedicine Services Criteria◀
▶The following criteria are used by the Current Procedural Terminology/Health Care Professional
Advisory Committee (CPT/HCPAC) and the CPT Editorial Panel for evaluating inclusion of services in
Appendix P (synchronous audio-video) and Appendix T (synchronous audio-only) telemedicine services.
Any request for inclusion in Appendix P and Appendix T must satisfy the following criteria:
 • The totality and quality of the communication of information exchanged between the physician or
other qualified health care professional (QHP) and the patient during the synchronous telemedicine
service must be of an amount and a nature that would be sufficient to meet the requirements for the
same service if services were to be rendered during an in-person face-to-face interaction; and
• The evidence supports the benefits of performing the service through telecommunications
technology. These benefits may include, but are not limited to, the following:
○ Facilitate a diagnosis or treatment plan that may reduce complications
○ Decrease diagnostic or therapeutic interventions
○ Decrease hospitalizations
○ Decrease in-person visits to the emergency department
○ Decrease in-person visits to physician or other QHP offices, including urgent care centers
○ Increase rapidity of resolution
○ Decrease quantifiable symptoms
○ Reduce recovery time
○ Enhance access to care, such as for rural and vulnerable patients; and
• A service is ineligible for inclusion in Appendix T without also being requested for inclusion, or
has current inclusion, in Appendix P.
(For a listing of CPT codes that may be used for synchronous real-time interactive audio-video
telemedicine services when appended with modifier 95, see Appendix P)
(For a listing of CPT codes that may be used for synchronous real-time interactive audio-only
telemedicine services when appended with modifier 93, see Appendix T)◀

Guidelines
Specific guidelines are presented at the beginning of each of the sections. These guidelines define items
that are necessary to appropriately interpret and report the procedures and services contained in that
section. For example, in the Medicine section, specific instructions are provided for handling unlisted
services or procedures, special reports, and supplies and materials provided. Guidelines also provide
explanations regarding terms that apply only to a particular section. For instance, Radiology Guidelines
provide a definition of the unique term, “radiological supervision and interpretation.” While in
Anesthesia, a discussion of reporting time is included.
A written report (eg, handwritten or electronic) signed by the interpreting individual should be considered
an integral part of a radiologic procedure or interpretation. Please see the guidelines regarding Imaging
Guidance in each individual section.

Add-on Codes
Some of the listed procedures are commonly carried out in addition to the primary procedure performed.
These additional or supplemental procedures are designated as add-on codes with the ✚ symbol and they
are listed in Appendix D of the CPT codebook. Add-on codes in CPT 2024 can be readily identified by
specific descriptor nomenclature that includes phrases such as “each additional” or “(List separately in
Discovering Diverse Content Through
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De Soto × Oregon No. 3 (syn. of Ames), 144
De Virginie (syn. of Myrobalan), 290
De Wangenheim (syn. of Wangenheim), 368
De Wolf, M. J., var. orig. by, 498
Dean, 429
Deane, Samuel, D. D., quoted, 21, 38
Dean’s Jedburgh Seedling (syn. of Dean), 429
Deaton, 429
Deck, 429
Decks Damson (syn. of Deck), 429
Decker, 429
Decker, H. C., var. orig. by, 429
Decker’s Late Seedling (syn. of Decker), 429
Decker’s Seedling (syn. of Decker), 429
Deep Creek, 429
Deepcreek (syn. of Deep Creek), 429
Defresne, 430
Denbigh, 430
Denbigh-Pflaume; Denbigh Seedling; Denbigh (syns. of
Denbigh), 430
Dennie (syn. of Violet Diaper), 365
Dennis, 431
Dennison’s Red; Denniston’s Red; Denniston’s Rote Pflaume
(syns. of Denniston Red), 431
Dennison’s Superb (syn. of Denniston Superb), 431
Dennis Seedling No. 13, 431
Denniston, Isaac, var. orig. by, 393, 411, 431, 478, 500
Denniston Red, 431
Denniston’s Albany or Albany Beauty (syns. of Albany Beauty),
392
Denniston Superb, 431
Denniston’s Superb or Superb Gage (syns. of Denniston
Superb), 431
D’Ente (syn. of Lot d’Ente), 486
D’Ente; D’Ente d’Agen (syns. of Agen), 138
D’Ente Impériale, 431
Denton, 431
Denyer’s Victoria (syn. of Sharp, 340; of Victoria, 363)
Der blaue Rebhuhn aus der Normandie (syn. of Normand
Perdrigon), 505
Der Bunter Perdrigon (syn. of Bunter Perdrigon), 412
Derbyshire Green Gage, 431
Deron, 431
Deron’s (syn. of Deron), 431
Des Béjonnières (syn. of Béjonnières), 157
Des Burettes (syn. of Burettes), 412
Des Moines, 431
Deutsche Blaue Herbstzwetsche (syn. of German Prune), 219
Deux fois l’an (syn. of Twice Bearing), 556
Dewey, 432
Diademe; Diademe Imperial or Imperiale (syns. of Red Diaper),
323
Diademe Imperial-Isabelle, 432
Diamant; Diamantpflaume (syns. of Diamond), 191
Diamant; Diamantpflaume (syns. of Pond), 314
Diamond, 191, 432
Diamond, var. orig. by, 191
Diana, 432
Diaper; Diaper Rouge; Diapre Rouge, Diaprea rubra; Diaprée de
Roche Corbon; Diaprée Rouge (syns. of Red Diaper), 323
Diaper’d Plumb (syn. of Diaprée Blanche), 432
Diaphane (syn. of Transparent), 360
Diaphane Laffay (syn. of Transparent), 360
Diapre Blanc (syn. of White Diaper), 564
Diaprée Blanche; Diaprée Weisse (syns. of Diaprée Blanche),
432
Diaprée Blanche (syn. of White Diaper, 564; of White Perdrigon,
375)
Diaprée Blanche, 432
Diaprée noire; Diapre Violet; Diaprée Violette (syns. of Violet
Diaper), 365
Diapree Nouvelle De Kook, 432
Dictator, 432
Die Abrikosenartige Pflaume (syn. of Apricot), 148
Die Albertus Damenpflaume (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386
Die Aprikosenpflaume (syn. of Red Apricot), 321
Die Bischofsmütze (syn. of Bonnet d’Eveque), 407
Die Blaue Dattelpflaume (syn. of Agen), 138
Die Blutfarbege Pflaume (syn. of Red Diaper), 323
Die Brisette (syn. of Late Mirabelle), 263
Die Brustwarzenpflaume (syn. of Mamelonnée), 489
Die Damascenerpflaume von Maugeron (syn. of Maugeron),
492
Die Damaskpflaume aus Spanien (syn. of Spanish Damask),
546
Die Durchsichtige (syn. of Transparente), 555
Die frühe Pflaume von Tours (syn. of Early Tours), 202
Die Gartenzwetsche (syn. of Quetsche Maraichère), 524
Die gelbe frühzeitige Pflaume (syn. of Early Yellow), 203
Die grosse indianische braunrothe Pflaume (syn. of Indian), 468
Die grosse Königin Claudiapflaume, die grüne Abrikose (syn. of
Reine Claude), 327
Die grosse Königin Klaudia Pflaume mit halbgefullter Bluthe
(syn. of Double Flowering Gage), 192
Die grosse rothe Feigenpflaume (syn. of Red Date), 322
Die grosse Weisse Glanzende (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386
Die grüne herzförmige Pflaume (syn. of Grüne Herzformige),
456
Die Hauszwetsche (syn. of German Prune), 219
Die Herrnpflaume (syn. of Orleans), 302
Die Hyacinthenpflaume (syn. of Jacinthe), 471
Die Isabelle (syn. of Isabella), 469
Die Kaiserliche veilchenfarbige Pflaume (syn. of Red Magnum
Bonum), 325
Die Kaiserliche Weisse Pflaume (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386
Die kleine Königin Claudia (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347
Die kleine langlichte Damaskuspflaume (syn. of Damas Dronet),
426
Die kleine Zwergpflaume (syn. of Zwergpflaume), 571
Die Kleine Weisse Damascenerpflaume (syn. of Small White
Damson), 544
Die Königin (syn. of Mayer Konigspflaume), 493
Die Königin Klaudia (syn. of Reine Claude), 327
Die Königliche grosse Pflaume (syn. of Royal), 534
Die königliche Pflaume von Tours (syn. of Royal Tours), 332
Die lange, grüne und grosses welsche Pflaume? (syn. of
Quetsche Verte D’Italie), 525
Die Morillenpflaume (syn. of Apricot), 148
Die musquat Damaskuspflaume (syn. of Musk Damson), 501
Die Pflaume aus Cypern (syn. of Chypre), 418
Die Pflaume ohne Stein (syn. of Stoneless), 353
Die Rothe Eierflaume (syn. of Red Diaper), 323
Die Rothe Eierflaume (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325
Die Rothe Kaiserpflaume (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325
Die rothe Rebhuhnpflaume (syn. of Red Perdrigon), 528
Die Scanarda (syn. of Scanarda), 540
Die späte oder September Damaskpflaume (syn. of September
Damask), 542
Die Valienciennes (syn. of Valienciennes), 558
Die veilchenfarbige Birnpflaume (syn. of Pear Plum), 513
Die veilchenfarbige Damascenerpflaume (syn. of Damas Violet),
427
Die Veischenfarbige Kaiserinnpflaume (syn. of Imperatrice), 249
Die violete Kaiserpflaume mit scheckichten Blattern (syn. of
Imperial Violet), 467
Die Violette Diaprée (syn. of Violet Diaper), 365
Die Violette Kaiserpflaume (syn. of Violet Imperial), 559
Die Violette Königin Claudia (syn. of Purple Gage), 318
Die Violette Königin Claudie (syn. of Purple Gage), 318
Die Violette oder Blaue Reneclode (syn. of Purple Gage), 318
Die Violette oder Blaue Renoclode (syn. of Purple Gage), 318
Die wälsche Damascene pflaume (syn. of Italian Damask), 470
Die Wangenheim (syn. of Wangenheim), 368
Die Weisse Buntfarbige Pflaume (syn. of Diaprée Blanche), 432
Die weisse Duranzen pflaume (syn. of White Perdrigon), 375
Die Weisse Kaiserinnpflaume; Die Weisse Kaiserpflaume (syns.
of White Imperatrice), 375
Die Zuckersüsse (syn. of Trauttenberg), 555
Dieffenbachs Damascene; Dieffenbachs Schwarze Damascene
(syn. of Damas de Diffenbach), 426
Diel Grosse Weisse Damascene, 432
Diel’s August Zwetsche (syn. of Wahre Frühzwetsche), 560
Diels Königpflaume or Diel’s Königspflaume (syns. of Royal
Tours), 332
Diffenbachs Damascene (syn. of Damas de Diffenbach), 426
Dine, 433
D’Italie (syn. of Italian Prune), 253
Dittisham, 433
Dixie, 433
Dobrowitzer Frühzwetsche (syn. of Quetsche de Dobrowitz),
523
Dochnahl Damascene, 433
Dochnahl’s Königs Pflaume (syn. of Dochnahl Damascene), 433
Dodd, William, var. orig. by, 282
D’OEuf; D’OEuf Blanche (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386
D’Oeuf Violette (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325
Dojene, 433
Doles, A. H., var. orig. by, 519
Dollaner, 433
Dollaner Zwetsche (syn. of Dollaner), 433
Dolphin (syn. of Sharp, 340; of Victoria, 363)
Domina, 433
Domine Dull, 433
Domine Dull’s; Domine Dull’s Plum (syns. of Domine Dull), 433
Domino (syn. of Domina), 433
Don, 433
Don Alteza, 433
Donauers Zusammen Gedrückte Zwetsche (syn. of Quetsche
Aplatie), 523
Don Carlos, 433
Don Carlos’ (syn. of Don Carlos), 433
Doppelte Mirabelle (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194
Dora, 433
Dorée, 434
Dorée de Lawson (syn. of Lawson), 482
Dorell, 434
Dorell, Dr., var. orig. by, 434, 520
Dorell Aprikosenpflaume, 434
Dorell’s Neue Aprikosen Pflaume (syn. of Dorell
Aprikosenpflaume), 434
Dorelle’s Neue Grosse Zwetsche or New Purple Prune; Dorells
grosse neue Zwetsche, or Grosse Zwetsche, or Neue
Grosse Zwetsche; Dorell’s Neue Purpur Zwetsche; Dorrel
(syns. of Dorell), 434
Dörell’s Grosse Ungarische Pflaume (syn. of Large Sugar
Prune), 480
Dorell’s Neue Weisse Diaprée (syn. of Wahre Weisse Diaprée),
561
Doris, 434
Dorr, 434
Dorr, Elisha, var. orig. by, 461, 464, 562
Dorr Seedling, 434
Dorr’s Favorite (syn. of Dorr, 434; of Pond, 314)
Dorsett, 434
Dosch, 435
Dosch, Henry E., var. orig. by, 435
Double, 435
Double Blackpruim (syn. of Italian Prune), 253
Double-blossomed; Double-blossomed Plum (syns. of Double
Flowering Gage), 192
Double Beurre Witte? (syn. of White Virginal), 565
Double Drap d’Or (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194
Double Flowering Gage, 192
Double Imperial Gage (syn. of Washington), 368
Double Mirabelle (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194
Double Plum, 435
Dougall, James, var. orig. by, 435
Dougall Best, 435
Dougall’s Best (syn. of Dougall Best), 435
Douglas (syn. of Abundance), 136
Douglas (syn. of Chabot), 172
Douglass, 435
Dove Bank, 435
Dowling, Henry, var. orig. by, 395, 548, 567
Downing, A. J., quoted, 519;
var. orig. by, 443
Downing, 193
Downing Early, 435
Downing’s Early (syn. of Downing Early), 435
Downton Impératrice, 435
Downton’s Kaiserin; Downtoner Kaiserin (syns. of Downton
Impératrice), 435
Drake, George, var. orig. by, 436
Drake Seedling, 436
Drake’s Seedling (syn. of Drake Seedling), 436
Drap d’Or (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194
Drap d’Or (syn. of Reine Claude), 327
Drap d’Or, 194
Drap d’Or d’Esperen; Esperen, of Esperen, or of Esperin (syns.
of Esperen), 206
Drap d’Or Pflaume (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194
Dr. Dennis (syn. of Dennis), 431
Dronet Damask (syn. of Damas Dronet), 426
Drouth King, 436
Dr. Uff, 436
Dr. Uff Szilvaja, 436
Dry, var. orig. by, 436
Dry Seedling, 436
Dry’s Seedling (syn. of Dry Seedling), 436
Dschau Erik (syn. of Diel Grosse Weisse Damascene), 432
Duane, 196
Duane, James, var. orig. by, 197
Duane’s French Purple, Large Orleans, Large Purple, or Purple
French (syns. of Duane), 196
Duane’s Purple (syn. of Duane, 196; of Peach, 309; of Smith
Orleans, 348)
Duboise, var. orig. by, 216
Duc d’Edinbourg (syn. of Duke of Edinburgh), 436
Duc de Waterloo (syn. of Waterloo Pflaume), 561
Duke, 436
Duke of Devonshire, 436
Duke of Edinburgh, 436
Dull, var. orig. by, 433
Dumberline, 436
Dumiron, 437
Dummer, 436
Dummer, var. orig. by, 437
Dunkelblaue Eierpflaume (syn. of Kaiser Wilhelm), 474
Dunkelblaue Kaiserin, 437
Dunlap, 437
Dunlap, J. P., var. orig. by, 437
Dunlap (syn. of Dunlap No. 1), 437
Dunlap (No. 1) (syn. of Dunlap No. 1), 437
Dunlap No. 1, 437
Dunlap No. 2 (syn. of Dunlap), 437
Dunlap’s No. 1 (syn. of Dunlap No. 1), 194
Dunlap’s No. 2 (syn. of Dunlap), 437
Dunlop, W. W., var. orig. by, 499, 500
Dunlop Nut, 437
Dunlop 53 (syn. of Raynes), 526
Dunlop 54 (syn. of Mount Royal), 500
Dunmore, 437
Dumore (syn. of Dunmore), 437
Dupuis, August, var. orig. by, 394
Durand, var. orig. by, 187
Durazen Zwetsche, 437
Durchscheinende Reineclaude (syn. of Transparent), 360
Durchsichtige (syn. of Transparente), 555
Durham, Miss, var. orig. by, 287
Du Roi (syn. of Agen), 138
Du Roi (syn. of Early Orleans), 198
Dutch Plum or Plumb (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386
Dutch Prune (syn. of Domine Dull, 433; of German Prune, 219)
Dutch Quetszen (syn. of Domine Dull), 433
Dymond (syn. of Diamond), 191

Eagle, 437
Earley’s November (syn. of Black Bullace), 161
Earliest of All (syn. of Earliest of All), 198
Earliest of All, 198
Early, 437
Early Amber, 437
Early Apricot (syn. of Early Transparent Gage), 440
Early Apricot, 437
Early Apricot Plum (syn. of Early Apricot), 437
Early Bavay (syn. of July Green Gage), 474
Early Black Damask (syn. of Morocco), 288
Early Black Morocco (syn. of Morocco), 288
Early Blue, 438
Early Blue (syn. of Early Blue), 438
Early Bradshaw (syn. of Gerishes Seedling, 451; of Field, 208)
Early Cherry, 438
Early Cluster, 438
Early Cross, 438
Early Damask (syn. of Morocco), 288
Early Damask of Provence (syn. of Damas de Provence), 426
Early Damson (syn. of Damson, 186; of Horse, 464; of Morocco,
288; of Winter Damson, 567)
Early Damson (syn. of Morocco), 288
Early de Tours (syn. of Early Tours), 202
Early Favorite, 438
Early Favorite, or Favourite (syns. of Early Favorite), 438
Early Forcing (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325
Early Fruchtbare (syn. of Early Rivers), 200
Early Genesee (syn. of Henrietta Gage), 461
Early Genesee, 438
Early Golden (syn. of Early Golden Drop), 438
Early Golden Drop, 438
Early Green (syn. of Emerald), 442
Early Green Gage? (syn. of July Green Gage), 474
Early Honey, 439
Early John (syn. of Early Yellow), 203
Early Large Black (syn. of Noire de Montreuil), 504
Early Minnesota, 439
Early Mirabelle, 439
Early Monsieur (syn. of Early Orleans), 198
Early Morocco (syn. of Morocco), 288
Early Normandy, 439
Early Orleans (syn. of Early Orleans), 198
Early Orleans, 198
Early Pale, 439
Early Pear, 439
Early Perdrigon, 439
Early Prolific (syn. of Early Rivers), 200
Early Purple (syn. of Howell), 465
Early Red, 439, 440
Early Red Primordian (syn. of Red Primordian), 528
Early Red Russian; Early Red Russian No. 3 (syns. of Early
Red), 440
Early Rivers (syn. of Early Rivers), 200
Early Rivers, 200
Early Royal, 201
Early Royal (syn. of Early Royal), 201
Early Royal of Nikita (syn. of Early Royal of Nikita), 440
Early Royal of Nikita, 440
Early Russian (syn. of German Prune), 219
Early Scarlet (syn. of Myrobalan), 290
Early Six Weeks (syn. of Six Weeks), 544
Early St. John, 440
Early Tours, 202
Early Tours (syn. of Early Tours), 202
Early Transparent; Early Transparent Gage (syns. of Early
Transparent Gage), 440
Early Transparent Gage, 440
Early Violet (syn. of Early Tours, 202; of Violet, 559)
Early White Plum (syn. of Early Yellow), 203
Early Yellow, 203
Early Yellow (syn. of Early Yellow), 203
Early Yellow Gage, 440
Early Yellow Prune, 440
Eason, 441
Eberly, 441
Eberly’s Plum (syn. of Eberly), 441
Ebert, Madame, var. orig. by, 430
Ebon, 441
Echte Gelbe Eier Pflaume (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386
Echte Grosse Reine-Claude (syn. of Reine Claude), 327
Echte Hafer Pflaume or Zwetsche (syns. of Haferpflaume), 458
Eckenholm, M. Brahay, var. orig. by, 408
Ecully, 441
Eddie, 441
Edith, 441
Edith of Terry (syn. of Julia), 473
Edle Early, 441
Edle Frühpflaume (syn. of Edle Early), 441
Edle Gelbe Eger Pflaume; Edle Gelbe Eier Pflaume (syns. of
Yellow Egg), 386
Edle Königs Pflaume (syn. of Valienciennes), 558
Edouard Seneclauze, 441
Eggles, 441
Egg Plum (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386
Egger’sche Eier Zwetsche (syn. of Comte Gustave d’Egger),
422
Eier Pflaume (syn. of Blue Egg, 405; of Yellow Egg, 386)
Eldora, 441
Eldorado, 441
Eldridge, 442
Elfreth’s Prune (syn. of Elfrey), 442
Elfrey, 442
Elfrey’s Prune; Elfry’s Plum (syns. of Elfrey), 442
Elisabeth Pflaume, 442
Elisabeth d’Elsner (syn. of Elisabeth Pflaume), 442
Ella, 442
Elliott, quoted, 256
Ellis, 442
Ellwood, 442
Elmore, 442
El Paso (syn. of Beaty), 400
Elsner Grüne Zwetsche, 442
Elsner’s Elisabeth Pflaume (syn. of Elisabeth Pflaume), 442
Elsner’s Von Gronow Grüne Zwetsche (syn. of Elsner Grüne
Zwetsche), 442
Elton, 442
Elwood (syn. of Ellwood), 442
Emerald, 442
Emerald Drop, 443
Emerson, 443
Emerson’s Early (syn. of Emerson), 443
Emerson Yellow, 443
Emigrant, 443
Emily May, 443
Emma, 443
Empereur, 443
Empereur de Mas (syn. of Empereur), 443
Empereur de Sharp (syn. of Sharp), 340
Empereur du Japan (syn. of Emperor of Japan), 443
Emperor (syn. of Denbigh, 430; of Goliath, 231)
Emperor of Japan, 443
Emperor of Japan (syn. of Emperor of Japan), 443
Empire, 203
Empire State (syn. of Empire), 203
Empress (syn. of Imperatrice), 249
Engre, 206
Engle, 443
Englebert, 204
Englebert (syn. of Englebert), 204
Englische Zwetsche (syn. of Large English), 262
English Orleans (syn. of Orleans), 302
English Pond’s Seedling (syn. of Pond), 314
English Pond’s Seedling (syn. of Duane), 196
English Wheat (syn. of Wheat), 563
English Yellow Gage (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347
Enkelde Backspruim; Enkelde Blackpruim (syns. of German
Prune), 219
Epine noire (syn. of Sloe), 544
Erby September (syn. of Irby), 468
Esjum Erik, 443
Esperen, 206
Esperen’s Goldpflaume (syn. of Esperen), 206
Esperin, Major, var. orig. by, 156, 207
Essex Bullace, 444
Esslinger Frühzwetsche, 444
Esther, 444
Etendard d’ Angleterre (syn. of Standard), 548
Etopa, 444
Etta, 444
Eugen Fürst; Eugene Fürst (syns. of Fürst Damson), 448
Eugen Fürsts Frühzwetsche (syn. of Furst), 217
Eureka, 444
Eureka (syn. of Wickson), 376
European Cherry Plum (syn. of Myrobalan), 290
Eva, 444
Evelyn, 444
Excelsior, 207
Excelsior Damson, 444
Exoascus, diseases caused by, 127, 128

Fairchild, 444
Fairchild, J. A., var. orig. by, 546
Fair’s Golden or Golden Drop (syn. of Golden Drop), 228
Farleigh Prolific (syn. of Crittenden), 184
Fancy, 445
Fanning, 445
Farleigh (syn. of Crittenden), 184
Farleigh Castle (syn. of Pond), 314
Farleigh Damson (syn. of Crittenden), 184
Fausse Altesse (syn. of Italian Prune), 253
Favorite de Buel (syn. of Buel), 411
Favorite de Lawrence (syn. of Lawrence), 266
Favorite d’Howard (syn. of Howard), 464
Favorite Hâtive, Précoce, Précoce de Rivers (syns. of Early
Favorite), 438
Favorite Pourpre (syn. of Purple Favorite), 521
Fawn, 445
Feine Damascene (syn. of Musk Damson), 501
Feine Und Gute (syn. of Fine Bonté), 445
Fell, quoted, 387
Fellemberg (syn. of German Prune, 219; of Italian Prune, 253)
Fellenberg; Fellenberg Quetsche; Fellenberger Zwetsche;
Fellenburg; Feltemberg (syns. of Italian Prune), 253
Femmons, Frank, var. orig. by, 445
Femmonzi, 445
Fertheringham (syn. of Belgian Purple), 157
Fertile Bleue (syn. of Blue Prolific), 406
Fertile Précoce (syn. of Early Rivers), 200
Fertilizers, use and value of, 121, 122
Field, 207
Field Marshall, 445
Figue Grosse Rouge, 445
Figue Grose Rouge (syn. of Red Date), 322
Figue Grosse Rouge (syn. of Red Date), 322
Fin de Siecle, 445
Fine Bonté, 445
Fine Early Plum, 445
Firba Königspflaume, 445
Firbas Frühe Schuttenhoferin, 446
First, 446
First Best, 446
First Sweet, 446
Fisher, J. E., var. orig. by, 365
Fitze, Charles G., var. orig. by, 274
Fitzhugh, William, quoted, 85
Fitzroy, 446
Flora Plena, 446
Florence (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325
Flotows Allerfrüheste Mirabelle (syn. of Mirabelle de Flotow),
497
Fluke, N. K., var. orig. by, 394, 429, 477
Flushing Bulleis, 446
Flushing Gage (syn. of Imperial Gage), 251
Foderingham; Foderingham Plum (syns. of Fotheringham), 212
Foliage Plum (syn. of Vesuvius), 559
Fondante Noire (syn. of Frühe Leipziger Damascene), 448
Fonthill (syn. of Pond), 314
Foote, 446
Foote, Asahel, var. orig. by, 440, 446
Foote’s Early Orleans (syn. of Foote), 446
Foote Golden Gage, 446
Forest Garden, 209
Forest Rose, 210
Forest Rose Improved, 447
Forewattamie, 447
Formosa, 447