Computer Assembly and Repair Lab

Lab -1 Demonstration of Hardware Peripherals: CPU, RAM, SMPS, Motherboard,

NIC card, Processor, Processor cooling fan, PCI card, HDD

Aim: To identify the computer hardware parts.

Requirements: CPU, RAM, SMPS, Motherboard, NIC card, Processor, Processor

cooling fan, PCI card, HDD

CPU/processor

The central processing unit (CPU), also called a

processor, is located inside the computer case on the
motherboard. It is sometimes called the brain of the
computer, and its job is to carry out commands.
Whenever you press a key, click the mouse, or start an
application, you're sending instructions to the CPU.

The CPU is usually a two-inch ceramic square with a silicon chip located inside. The chip
is usually about the size of a thumbnail. The CPU fits into the motherboard's CPU socket,
which is covered by the heat sink, an object that absorbs heat from the CPU.

A processor's speed is measured in megahertz (MHz), or millions of instructions per

second; and gigahertz (GHz), or billions of instructions per second. A faster processor can
execute instructions more quickly. However, the actual speed of the computer depends on the
speed of many different components—not just the processor.

RAM (random access memory)

RAM is your system's short-term memory. Whenever your computer performs alculations,
it temporarily stores the data in the RAM until it is needed. This short-term memory
disappears when the computer is turned off. If you're working on a document, spreadsheet,
or other type of file, you'll need to save it to avoid losing it. When you save a file, the data is
written to the hard drive, which acts as long-term storage.

RAM is measured in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB). The more RAM you have, the
more things your computer can do at the same time. If you don't have enough RAM, you may
notice that your computer is sluggish when you have several programs open. Because of this,
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many people add extra RAM to their computers to improve performance.

Power supply unit

The power supply unit in a computer converts the power from the wall outlet to the type of
power needed by the computer. It sends power through cables to the motherboard and other
components.

Motherboard:

The motherboard is the computer's main

circuit board. It's a thin plate that holds the
CPU, memory, connectors for the hard
drive and optical drives, expansion cards to
control the video and audio, and
connections to your computer's ports (such
as USB ports). The motherboard connects
directly or indirectly to every part of the
computer.

Expansion cards
Most computers have expansion slots on the motherboard that allow you to add various
types of expansion cards. These are sometimes called PCI (peripheral component
interconnect) cards. You may never need to
add any PCI cards because most
motherboards have built-in video, sound,
network, and other capabilities.

However, if you want to boost the

performance of your computer or update the
capabilities of an older computer, you can
always add one or more cards. Below are some of the most common types of expansion
cards.

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The network card allows your computer to communicate over a network and access the
Internet. It can either connect with an Ethernet cable or through a wireless connection (often
called Wi-Fi). Many motherboards have built-in network connections, and a network card
can also be added to an expansion slot.

PROCESSOR FAN

A fan on top of a computer processor. It helps pull and blow hot air
off the processor, helping keep it cooler.

Hard drive
The hard drive is where your software,
documents, and other files are stored. The
hard drive is long- term storage, which
means the data is still saved even if you
turn the computer off or unplug it.

When you run a program or open a

file, the computer copies some of the
data from the hard drive onto the RAM.
When you save a file, the data is copied
back to the hard drive. The faster the hard drive, the faster your computer can start up and
load programs. Modern computers are replacing HDD with a SSD. A SSD has its owns
advantages over HDD. The advantages are listed in the following table below.

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Lab- 2 Demonstration of various ports: CPU, VGA ports, PS/2 (Keyboard, Mouse), USB,
LAN, Speaker, Audio.
Aim: To identify the computer hardware parts various ports.
Requirements: Motherboard.

CPU PORTS

Ports are slots on the motherboard into which a cable

of external device is plugged in. Examples of external
devices attached via ports are the mouse, keyboard,
monitor, microphone, speakers, etc.

Male ports. Have pins that protrude out from the

connector and require a cable with a female connector.

Female ports. Have holes in the connector to accept the male

cable’s pins.

VGA PORT:

VGA ports also known as Video Graphic Array connector are those
which connect the monitor to a computer’s video card. VGA port has 15
holes and it is similar to the serial port connector. But VGA Ports have
holes in it and the serial port connector has pins in it.

PS/2 PORT:

PS/2 ports are special ports used for connecting old

computer keyboard and mouse. It was invented by IBM. In
old computers, there are minimum of two PS/2 Ports, each
for the keyboard and the mouse. It is a 6 pin mini Din
connector.

USB (Universal Serial Bus) port:

In 1997 USB was first introduced. This can connect all kinds of
external USB devices, like external hard disk, printer, scanner,
mouse, keyboard, etc. There are minimum of two USB Ports
provided in most of the computer systems. It is a kind of new
type serial connection Port that is much faster than the old serial
Ports and These USB Ports are much smarter and more
versatile, as it allows the “daisy chaining” of up to 127 USB
peripherals connected to one port. The data transfer rate in this

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is Data12 megabits per second. It also provides plug & plays communication.

Ethernet Port:

Ethernet Port helps to connect to a network and high-speed Internet(provided by LAN or other
sources). It connects the network cable to a computer and resides in a Ethernet card. It provides a
data travel speed of 10 Mb to 1000 Mb(megabits) per second.

Sockets: for Speaker and Audio

Microphones and speakers are connected with the help of

Sockets to the sound card of the computer

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Lab -3 Identify the Computer Name and Hardware Specification (RAM capacity,
Processor type, HDD 32bit/64bit)

Aim : Identify the Computer Name and Hardware Specification of RAM and HDD

Requirements: Computer

I. To find your computer name and processor specifications

Step 1: Go to settings
Step 2: Click System and click about from the right panel.

II To find RAM Status:

Step -1. Use the Task Manager to Check RAM

On Windows 10, launch the Start menu, search for Task Manager and click on the Best
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match. Within the Task Manager, click on the Performance tab and click Memory to view
RAM usage and specifications.

III HDD Specification

Step 1. System Information utility in Windows 10 and Windows 11

Press the Windows key, type System Information, and press Enter.

Or, you can use the Run box to open the System Information utility.

1. Press the Windows key+R keyboard shortcut.

2. In the Run box, type msinfo32.
3. Press Enter or click OK.

4. In the System Information window that opens, in the left window pane, you'll see
a list of hardware categories. Expand Components, then Storage. Then, choose
Drives, Disks, or any category you'd like to view.

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Lab -4 Identify and Troubleshoot the problem of RAM (beep sound with blue screen),
SMPS, and motherboard (CPU is not switched on)
Aim: Identifying and Troubleshooting of RAM, SMPS and

Motherboard Requirements: Computer

1. Diminishing Performance

One of the most tell-tale signs of RAM failure is diminishing performance over time.

If you find that your computer is running perfectly after you first power it up, but the longer
you use it, the slower it becomes—you could be in trouble. The problem will be especially
noticeable on memory-intensive apps such as Photoshop, complex video games, and web
browsers.

2. Random Crashes

Getting the blue screen of death on Windows every time you try and open a certain app, it's
likely that the app is the culprit rather than your hardware. But if you find that the crashes
occur without warning and at random times, your RAM could be responsible.

p Code Sequence/Pattern Meanin Troubleshooting Steps

g
 Reseat the memory.

 Make sure that the contacts on the memory and

On-off (1.0 second the socket are clean.
each) three times, then
2.5- second pause (off). Memor  Try removing one bank of memory modules at a
beeps time. (Some systems can require a memory module
The pattern repeats y error in Bank 0.)
until the computer is
powered off.  Try using memory modules from the same
manufacturer with the same part number and speed.

 Check for a faulty memory module by trying the

memory in a known good system.

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3. SMPS Problems and Solutions

SMPS - Switched Mode Power Supply as is a Device to efficiently provide a regulated
output voltage, from different level of the input voltage. SMPS transfers power from a
source like the electrical power grid to a load (Eg: Computer). The SMPS in a conventional desktop
system is designed to convert the 220V AC, 50HZ into +5V, -5V,
+12V and +3.3 V DC

Tips For Power Supply Service

1. Be sure that the line- voltage switch(120/220 Vac) is set correctly for your region.
2. Do Not Use a Splitter
3. Be sure that each output is within tolerance (Voltage tolerances are usually +or-5%
4. Verify that the power-supply connectors are attached to the motherboard drivers
5. Check the AC Input voltage with the help of a Multimeter

Troubleshooting SMPS

Problem 1: The Power doesn't come on.

Solutions
1. Check the Power from the wall socket
2. Check the Voltage Setting On the CPU
3. Check the Power switch of the Cabinet and Front Panel of Motherboard
4. Check the Power Supply Connections to the Motherboard
5. Check the SMPS without connecting it to the motherboard, you could see the two wire
green and black which you have to short them (using any piece of wire/paper clip) in the 24
pin motherboard connector of the SMPS.

Problem 2: The PC Powers on after the second or third try

Solutions
1. Check the Power switch of the Cabinet
2. Replace SMPS (Get a Better Quality SMPS)

Problem 3: The PC Powers on but nothing happens after that

(no beep) Solutions
1. Remove the last hardware component installed and check again
2. Replace SMPS (Get a Better Quality SMPS)
3. Check the power cables to the Devices (Harddisk, DVD Drive etc)

Problem 4: The PC Powers on beeps and stops. NO Power On Self-Test

(POST)messages Solutions
1. Check with another SMPS
2. This may be a Motherboard Problem.

Problem 5: The PC Powers on runs POST but there is no

display Solutions
1. Check the Monitor and the VGA Cable Connections
2. Check with another SMPS
3. This may be a Display Card Problem

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Audible beep codes

You can hear the beep codes through the on-board piezoelectric speaker. For Intel® Desktop
Boards without the on-board speaker, you can hear the beeps through a speaker attached to
the line out audio jack on the board.

Beep
Sequence/Pattern Meaning Troubleshooting Steps
Code

F2 Setup / F10 This short beep occurs when the

Single
One 0.5 second beep Boot Menu BIOS is ready to accept keyboard
beep
prompt input. No action needed.

 Reseat add-in graphics card.

On-off (1.0 second
each) two times, then Video error  Make sure a compatible
2 beeps 2.5-second pause (off). (no add-in processor is installed.
graphics card
The pattern repeats once. installed) Related topics
No video and two beeps during boot
Then the computer Intel® Processors and
continues to boot. Boards Compatibility
Tool
 Reseat the memory.

 Make sure that the contacts

on the memory and the
socket are clean.

On-off (1.0 second each)  Try removing one bank of

three times, then 2.5- memory modules at a time.
second pause (off). (Some systems can require a
3 beeps Memory error
memory module in Bank 0.)
The pattern repeats until
the computer is powered  Try using memory modules
off. from the same manufacturer
with the same part number
and speed.

Check for a faulty memory


module by trying the memory
in a known good system.
Alternate high and low  Check that the processor
beeps (1.0 second each) heatsink/fan is properly
High/ for 8 beeps. CPU thermal installed.
low trip warning
beeps Then the computer shuts  Check that the thermal
down. interface material is sufficient
and is spread evenly.

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Lab- 5 Configure BIOS setting – disable and enable USB and LAN

Aim : Configure BIOS Disable USB and LAN

Requirements: Computer

BIOS is your PC’s most important startup program, BIOS, or Basic Input / Output System,
is the built-in core processor software responsible for booting up your system.

How to Enter BIOS Setup on Windows PCs

In order to access BIOS on a Windows PC, you must press your BIOS key set by your
manufacturer which could be F10, F2, F12, F1, or DEL.

1. Using BIOS Setup Utility Menu Items

You can access BIOS Setup utility screens from the following interfaces:

 Use a USB keyboard, mouse, and VGA monitor connected directly to the server.

 Use a terminal (or terminal emulator connected to a computer) through the serial
port on the back panel of the server.

 Connect to the server using the Sun ILOM Remote Console.

To access BIOS configuration screens and to change the system’s parameters, complete the
following steps:

1. Power on or power cycle the server.

2. To enter the BIOS Setup utility, press the F2 key while the system is performing the
power-on self- test (POST).

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FIGURE 1 Press F2 to Run Setup Prompt

When BIOS is started, the main BIOS Setup utility top-level screen appears (FIGURE E-2).
This screen provides seven menu options across the top of the screen.

FIGURE 2 BIOS Setup Utility - Main Screen

3. Use the left and right arrow keys to select the different menu options.

As you select each menu option, the top-level screen for that menu option appears.

4. To select an option on a top-level screen, use the up and down arrow keys to scroll up
and down the options presented.

Only options that can be modified are highlighted when you press the up and down arrow keys.

5. Modify the setup field and press the Esc key to save the changes and exit the screen.

6. On sub-screens that only provide configuration information and cannot be modified, press
the Esc key to exit the screen.

7. To continue modifying other setup parameters, repeat Step 3 through Step 6.

Otherwise, go to Step 8.

8. Press and release the right arrow key until the Exit menu screen appears.

9. Follow the instructions on the Exit menu screen to save or discard your changes and exit
the BIOS Setup utility.

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Enabling or Disabling the Front or Rear USB Ports in BIOS

You can manage which USB ports on the computer are allowed to connect to USB devices,
such as keyboards, headsets, or USB storage devices through BIOS.

1. Turn on the computers, and then immediately click F10 to enter the BIOS.

2. Under the Security tab, use the up and down arrows to select USB Security,
and then press Enter.

3. A list of USB ports and their locations displays.

4. Use the up and down arrows to select a port, then use the left and right arrows to
select either Enabled or Disabled as desired.

5. When you are finished, press F10 to save your changes and exit BIOS.

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Lab -6 Identify, how to recover the hidden files from corrupted pen drive using command

Aim : Recover the hidden files from corrupted pen drive using command

Requirements: Computer

Show Hidden Files on a USB Using CMD

Command Prompt (CMD) is the second choice when you want to show hidden files on
external hard disks, USB drives, memory cards, or other storage devices. Here, you will learn
the full attrib command for hidden files.

To unhide files using CMD, follow these three steps:

Step 1. Properly connect the USB drive to your computer.

Step 2. Go to Command Prompt (Admin) from the start menu.

Step 3. Enter attrib -h -r -s /s /d G:\*.* (replace G: with the drive letter for your device)

When you finish these steps, access your USB flash drive, hard drive, or memory card to
check if you can see all of the hidden files.

Attrib syntax explanation

 –h clears the Hidden file attribute.
 –r clears the Read-only file attribute
 –s clears the System file attribute.
 /s applies attrib and any command-line options to matching files in the current
directory and all of its subdirectories.
 /d applies attrib and any command-line options to directories.

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Lab -7 Recover the contents from Crashed Hard disk using Disk Drill software

Aim : Recover the contents from Crashed Hard disk

Requirements: Computer

To Recover Deleted Data from a Damaged Hard Drive:

Disk Drill for Windows offers a flexible and effective method to recover data from an
external hard disk. Follow these steps to recover your lost and deleted files from an
external hard drive.

1. Download and install the program on your Windows machine. Since you are
recovering data from an external hard drive you can install the program on your
computer’s main hard drive.
2. Connect the external hard drive to your machine and launch Disk Drill.
3. Select the external drive from the app’s list of available disks.
4. Click the Search for lost data button to start scanning the device

5. Preview the files that can be recovered and select those you want to restore.

6. Click the Recover button to retrieve the files you selected to a storage location of your choice.
Don’t save the data to the external drive during recovery as it may lead to file corruption.

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Lab- 8 Install Operating System – Windows 7, Windows 10 and make partitions

Aim : Installing Windows 7

Requirements: Computer, windows 7 OS CD, CD Drive

1. Boot your PC using Windows 7

DVD/USB drive and press any key if
you see Press any key to continue
message.

2. Next select your language, keyboard

type (Generally the US) and time
format.

3. Click the Install button.

4. Click the box labelled I agree with

the license terms and click Next to
proceed further.

5. In the next screen, click on the Custom (advanced) option. I hope you are not

upgrading here. If you are doing an upgrade then just click on the Upgrade option.
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6. This is an important step as you need to select the drive where you would like to install
Windows 7.

7. You can also format the selected partition by opening drive option and then
choosing the Format option.

8. Click on the Next button to start the Windows 7 installation. Windows may restart many times
during the installation and you need not worry about that.

9. After completing the installation, Windows

will give you the below screen to enter your
username and password.

10. In the next step you will be asked to enter the

Product Key. Enter the key that you have got
and click the Next button.

11. Here you need to select the Windows 7

update option. Click Use recommended
settings option.

9. Select Time Zone, date and time and click Next.

10. In the next screen, you need to select the type of network. That is, choose
between Home network, Work
network and Public network.

11. Finally, the setup will ask you to

create a group depending on the type
of Network you have chosen. If you
are not sure, just skip as you can do
it later as well.

12. You will see the Windows 7

desktop. That is, you have
successfully installed Windows 7 on
your PC

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Make partitions in Windows 7 after installation

Method 1: Make partitions with Disk

Management

For example, you have C/D/E three primary partitions in Windows 7 after installation, and you want
to make more partitions on this disk. Let’s see how to make disk partition in Windows 7 after
installation with Disk Management.

Step 1: Use Windows+R to open Run, type “diskmgmt.msc” and click OK.

Step 2: Right-click on the partition you wish to resize and select the Shrink Volume option.

Step 3: Enter the size you wish to shrink your drive to in megabytes (1000 MB = 1GB).
Then click on the Shrink button.

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Step 4: You should now see a new unallocated space in your Disk Management window.
Right-click on the unallocated space and select the New Simple Volume option. The New
Simple Volume Wizard should pop up. Click on the Next button to continue.

Step 5: Enter the amount of memory you wish to allocate for your new partition and click on the Next
button. To store data on this partition, you must format it first. Click on the Format this volume with
the following settings:

For File System, select NTFS

For Allocation unit size, select

Default

For Volume Label, type the

name you wish to give your

new drive. Click on the

Perform a quick format

Then click on the Next button and

OK.

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Lab- 9 Install operating System - Unix family (Linux/ Ubuntu) Aim : Installing Ubuntu

Requirements: Computer, Ubuntu OS CD, CD Drive or pen drive

2. Download an Ubuntu Image

You can download an Ubuntu image here. Make sure to save it to a memorable location on
your PC! For this tutorial, we will use the Ubuntu 20.04 LTS release.

3. Create a Bootable USB stick

To install Ubuntu Desktop, you need to write your downloaded ISO to a USB stick to create the
installation media. This is not the same as copying the ISO, and requires some bespoke software.

Choose the version that corresponds to your current operating system, download and install the tool.

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Rufus on Windows, Etcher on Mac OS and Startup Disk Creator on Ubuntu.

Select your downloaded ISO, choose your USB flash drive, and then click Flash! to install your image

4. Boot from USB flash drive

Insert the USB flash drive into the laptop or PC you want to use to install Ubuntu and boot or
restart the device. It should recognise the installation media automatically. If not, try holding
F12 during startup and selecting the USB device from the system-specific boot menu.

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To proceed, click Install Ubuntu.

You will be asked to select your keyboard layout. Once you’ve chosen one, click Continue.

5. Installation Setup

6. Next, you will be prompted to choose between the Normal installation and Minimal
installation options. The minimal installation is useful for those with smaller hard drives or
who don’t require as many pre-installed applications.

In Other options, you will be prompted to download updates as well as third-party software
that may improve device support and performance (for example, Nvidia graphics drivers)
during the installation. It is recommended to check both of these boxes.

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7. Drive Management

This screen allows you to configure your installation. If you would like Ubuntu to be the only
operating system on your device, select Erase disk and install Ubuntu.

If you continue the installation without enabling encryption, click Install Now and confirm
the changes with Continue. Otherwise keep reading.

8. (Optional) Enable Encryption

If you would like to encrypt your device, select Advanced features… > Use LVM with the new Ubuntu
installation > Encrypt the new Ubuntu installation for security.
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You will be prompted to create a security key once you click Install Now.

Click Install Now and confirm the changes with Continue.

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9. Choose your Location

Select your location and timezone from the map screen and click Continue. This information
will be detected automatically if you are connected to the internet.

10. Create Your Login Details

On this screen, you will be prompted to enter your name and the name of your computer as
it will appear on the network. Finally, you will create a username and a strong password.

You can choose to log in automatically or require a password. If you are using your device whilst
travelling, it’s recommended to keep automatic login disabled.

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11. Complete the Installation

Once the installation has completed, you will be prompted to restart your

machine. Click Restart Now.

When you restart, you will be prompted to remove your USB flash drive from the device. Once
you’ve done this, press ENTER.

Enter your password on the login screen (assuming you selected that option when creating
your login details).

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Lab- 10 Install Application Software – Python3.8, Office2010/2013, Ms SQL, TOAD ,

Openoffice etc,

Aim : Installing Python3.8, Openoffice etc

Requirements: Application software - Python3.8, Office2010/2013, Ms SQL, TOAD , Openoffice

etc

Installing Python.3.8

Step 1

Click this link, it will take you to the Python official download website.

Step 3

Click Python 3.8.2 and Python will start to download.

Step 2

Click the download button and you will see Python 3.8.2.

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Step 4

Next, right click the mouse button you will see open button click to open.

Step 5

Enable to add Python 3.8 to path and click install now.

Step 6

Wait a few minutes and display setup was successful. Next you will click the close button.

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Installing Openoffi

Follow the below steps to install Apache OpenOffice on Windows:

Step 1: Visit the official website using URL https://www.openoffice.org/ in any

Step 2: Click on “I want to download Apache OpenOffice”

link.

Step 3: The link directs us to the download page on which we choose your
operating system, language, and version of the Apache OpenOffice, and then
click on the Download full installation button.

Step 4: Now find the executable file in the download folder of your system and run it.

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Step 5: It will confirm that the software makes changes to your system, so click on
the Yes button.
Step 6: Now the installation process is started so click on the Next button.

Step 7: Next screen will be of Unpack the Apache OpenOffice in which you want
to choose your location where you want your extract folder, in this folder, the
setup will take place, and after that, you continue your setup in that folder. Now
click on the Unpack button.

Step 8: After Unpack the setup will automatically start if not started then find your
place where you unpack your Setup and open that folder.

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Step 9: Now in the folder you find many files but click only on the setup to continue your
installation.

Step 10: After double click again you see the prompt confirmation of the setup to make
changes to your system. Click on Yes.
Step 11: The setup will start now click on the Next button.

Step 12: Next screen will be of customer information where you write your name and
organization name, used for if you want to otherwise click on the Next button.

Step 13: Next screen will be of setup type if you want direct installing your software then click on
complete and Next it is for basic users and if you Customize your setup then click on custom and then
Next it is recommended for Advanced User.

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Step 14: Next screen will be of the program modules and components choose the
drive change according to yourself otherwise click on the Next button.

Step 15: Next screen will be of Choose file type and click on Next button.
Here we select Microsoft Word Documents and Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.

Step 16: Now the program is ready to install Click on the Install button.

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Step 17: After this, the installation process will start and it might take 2 – 4 minutes
depending on your computer speed and specification to complete the installation.

Step 18: After the installation process is completed, click on the Finish button.

At this point, Apache OpenOffice is successfully installed on the system and an icon is
created on the desktop.

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Lab 11- Install anyone of the antivirus software (Avast, Kaspersky etc) and observe the
variations before and after installation.

Aim : Installing antivirus software

Requirements: Antivirus software - Avast, Kaspersky

Install Avast Free Antivirus

1. Click the button below to download the Avast Free Antivirus setup file, and save it
in a familiar location on your PC (by default, downloaded files are saved to
your Downloads folder).
DOWNLOAD AVAST FREE ANTIVIRUS FOR WINDOWS

2. Right-click the downloaded setup

file avast_free_a ntiv irus_se tup_online .exe and select Run as
administrator from the context menu.

4. If prompted for permission by the User Account Control dialog, click Yes.

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5. To change the default setup language, click the current language in the
top-right corner of the screen. Then, click Install to proceed with
default installation, or click Customize if you need to make changes to
the default setup.

6. Wait while setup installs Avast Free Antivirus on your PC.

7. When the installation is complete, click Continue.

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8. Click Run first scan to start a comprehensive Smart Scan, which detects
viruses, malware, bad browser add-ons, and other issues on your PC.

Avast Free Antivirus is now installed on your PC and ready to use, but some components
may not fully function until you restart your PC.

BCA 3rd Semester. 38

Computer Assembly and Repair Lab

Lab- 12 Add new Hardware device (keyboard, mouse, speaker,

Microphone) Aim : Adding keyboard, mouse, speaker,

Microphone

Requirements: Computer, keyboard, mouse, speaker, Microphone

Same setting for all device. (keyboard, mouse, speaker, Microphone) In Windows XP and
Windows 7 need to add device

Installing Hardware Automatically

Windows XP Professional supports Plug and Play hardware. For most devices that are
Plug and Play-compliant, as long as the appropriate driver is available and the basic
input/output system (BIOS) on the computer is a Plug and Play BIOS or an Advanced
Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) BIOS, Windows XP Professional
automatically detects, installs, and configures the device. When there is a new piece of
hardware detected that cannot be installed automatically, Windows XP Professional
displays the Found New Hardware Wizard (see Figure 11.1).

Figure 11.1??The Found New Hardware Wizard

However, you might occasionally need to initiate automatic installation for some Plug
and Play hardware. You do this with the Add Hardware Wizard. For non-Plug and Play
hardware, Windows XP Professional often identifies the hardware and automatically
installs and configures it. For non-Plug and Play hardware that Windows XP
Professional does not identify, install, and configure, you initiate the automatic
installation of the hardware with the Add Hardware Wizard.
To automatically install hardware, complete the following steps:

1. Click Start, click Control Panel, and then click Printers And Other Hardware.
2. In the Printers And Other Hardware window, under See Also, click Add
Hardware to start the Add Hardware Wizard.
Computer Assembly and Repair Lab
3. Confirm the automatic hardware installation.

After Windows XP Professional finishes the installation, you should verify correct
installation and configure the hardware.

Using the Add Hardware Wizard

You can also use the Add Hardware Wizard to initiate automatic hardware installation for
undetected hardware devices, both Plug and Play and non-Plug and Play, and to troubleshoot
devices.
To start the Add Hardware Wizard, do the following:

1. In Control Panel, click Printers And Other Hardware.

2. Click Add Hardware.

Windows XP Professional starts the Add Hardware Wizard, which is used to install
software to support the hardware you add to your computer and to troubleshoot
problems that you might be having with your hardware.

You can also click System in the Performance And Maintenance window accessed
from Control Panel and start the Add Hardware Wizard from the Hardware tab of the
System Properties dialog box.

3. Click Next to close the Welcome To The Add Hardware Wizard page.

Windows XP Professional searches for new devices and one of the following three
events occurs:

o If Windows XP Professional detects any new Plug and Play hardware, it

installs the new hardware.
o If Windows XP Professional detects new hardware, it starts the Found New
Hardware Wizard.
o If the wizard
cannot find a new
device, it displays
the Is The
Hardware
Connected page. If
you have already
connected the new
device, click Yes, I
Have Already
Connected The
Hardware and then
click Next. The
wizard displays the
The Following
Hardware Is
Already Installed On Your Computer page, shown in Figure 11.2. To add
hardware that is not in the list, click Add A New Hardware Device.
Computer Assembly and Repair Lab

To use the Add Hardware Wizard to troubleshoot a hardware device, click the device in the
list of installed hardware devices and click Next. The Completing The Add Hardware Wizard
page appears. Click Finish to launch a troubleshooter to help resolve any problems you might
be having with that hardware device.

Confirming Hardware Installation

After installing hardware, you should confirm the installation using the Device Manager.
You can do the following to start Device Manager:

1. In Control Panel, click Performance And Maintenance.

2. Click System.

3. Click the Hardware tab, and then click Device Manager.

Device Manager can also be launched from the Computer Management console. It is a
snap-in located under System Tools.
This allows you to view the installed hardware, as shown in Figure 11.3.

Figure 11.3 Device Manager showing devices listed by type

Windows XP Professional uses icons in the Device Manager window to identify each
installed hardware device. If Windows XP Professional does not have an icon for the device
type, it displays a question mark.
Expand the device tree to locate the newly installed hardware device. The device icon
indicates whether the hardware device is operating properly. You can use the information in
Computer Assembly and Repair Lab

Lab -13 Connect the LCD Projector with Laptop/CPU

Aim : Connecting LCD Projector to Laptop /CPU

Requirements: Computer, LCD Projector

Computer, LCD Projector Windows 11 Windows 10 with Dongle.

When you're in a conference room and need to project, connect your PC using one of
the cable connectors in the room, press the Windows logo key + P, and then choose
one of the four options:
 PC screen only. You'll see everything on your PC. (When you're connected
to a wireless projector, this option changes to Disconnect.)
 Duplicate. You'll see the same things on both screens.
 Extend. You'll see everything across both screens, and you can drag and move
items between the two.
 Second screen only. You'll see everything on the connected screen. The other
screen will be blank.
Then again, you might not even need a cable. If your PC and the projector both support
Miracast, press the Windows logo key + K, choose a projector, and you're set.

Not sure if your PC supports Miracast? Windows will let you know. Just press the
Windows logo key + K to check

Connect a laptop to a projector using an HDMI, DVI, VGA cable, or Bluetooth (if it's
supported by both devices).
Computer Assembly and Repair Lab

Lab -14 Adding additional RAM to the system (expanding RAM size)

Aim : Expanding RAM size

Requirements: Computer, RAM

Upgrade Desktop Memory (RAM) - 10 easy steps to install memory in a desktop

computer
Installing memory can be done in a matter of minutes, but there’s no need to feel rushed. Work at
your own pace and consult this guide or the video as often as you need to!

Step 1 - Gathering Supplies

Clear off your installation space and make sure you’re working in a static-safe environment. Remove
any plastic bags or papers from your workspace. Then, you’ll need the following items:

 Your desktop computer

 Crucial® desktop memory
 Screwdriver
 Owner’s manual

Step 2 - Shut Down Your Desktop Computer

Because your files, documents, and data are on your storage drive, not your Random Access
Memory (RAM), they remain unaffected during this process.

Step 3 - Unplug the Power Cable

This includes any cables and accessories plugged into the computer

Step 4 - Hold the Power Button for Five Seconds

This discharges any residual electricity still in the system.

Step 5 - Open the Case

For instructions about opening your specific system, consult its owner’s manual. You can
also take pictures as you work through the process to see where cables or screws are attached
to make it easier to put back together.

Step 6 - Ground Yourself!

Touch an unpainted metal surface – this is an extra safeguard that protects your computer
memory and components from static damage during the installation process.
Computer Assembly and Repair Lab

Ground yourself

Step 7 - Remove Existing Memory Modules

Press down on the clips on the sides of each module, the clip mechanism will push the memory
module up. You can then pull the module completely out.

Step 8 - Install Memory

Holding the modules along the edges, align the notches on the module with the ridge in the
slot, then apply even pressure and firmly press the module in. It usually takes about 30
pounds of pressure to fully install the module.

Step 9 - Close the Computer Case

Step 10 - Plug the Power Cable in

Your Memory is now Installed!

Computer Assembly and Repair Lab
Lab - 15 Graphic card insertions

Aim : Adding graphic card

Requirements: Computer, Graphic card

Installing the new graphics card

1. Power down the PC.
2. Hit the switch on the back of the PC to turn off supply to the PSU.
3. Extract the side panel (usually held on by two screws on the rear).
 If you do not already have a GPU installed, skip to Step 7.
4. Remove the screws holding the GPU in on the rear bracket.

5. Unlock the PCI-e slot clip.

6. Remove the GPU by lightly pulling on the card.
7. Hover the new GPU over PCI-e slot.
Computer Assembly and Repair Lab
8. Push down on the GPU to slide the connector into the slot.
9. Ensure the secure lock clicks into place.
10. Screw the rear bracket down to secure the card to the chassis.
11. Connect any required PSU cables.

12. Reattach the side panel.

Now, all you need to do is to plug in the display connectors on the rear of the case,
whether they're DisplayPort, HDMI, DVI, or VGA. After that, hit the PSU power
switch and boot up Windows. If the PC does not turn on or no signals get sent to the
monitor, we'll need to double- check that all cables are connected correctly (both
inside and on the rear of the PC), and the GPU is seated properly in the PCIe slot.

Installing required drivers

Before the GPU can be used for intensive workloads like gaming, you need to get new
drivers like NVIDIA or AMD Card installed so Windows and software can effectively
communicate with the card.
Computer Assembly and Repair Lab
Lab - 16 Assemble and Disassemble Desktop system

Aim : Assembling and Disassembling system

Requirements: Computer, Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Tool Kit Screwdriver

Part1: How to assemble a CPU

This part is all about CPU assembling. Specifically, you have to be very
careful with this process.

Following are the steps to assemble CPU:

1. Take Inventory:
Before you start, take inventory of your parts. Make sure you have the
following components and tools with you.

1. Case/ Tower/Cabinet
2. Motherboard
3. Processor
4. HeatSink and CPU Fan
5. SMPS
6. Hard disk drive
7. CD/ DVD drive
8. RAM
9. CMOS Battery
10.A good screwdriver sets

2. Make Space, Make Time:

Building a PC takes space. You can use your dining room table to build your PC. So, make
sure you have plenty of working space and a few hours to proceed with minimal
interruption. You must work on a flat, stable table top surface or bare floor, where you have
room to lay out all of the items, to begin with, assemble.

3. Prepare your CPU cabinet:

Now it is time to prepare the case. Remove the case cover from the CPU cabinet.

You need to check Screw brass standoffs are perfectly placed or not. If it is not in a proper
position, in that case, you need to position them accurately. (always check the manual and
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Computer Assembly and Repair Lab
follow their instructions)

4. INSTALL THE MOTHERBOARD:

1. You need to secure the motherboard onto the PC case/chassis and inspect
carefully for any visible defects.

2. Next, review the motherboard handbook, to make sure you are familiar with the
motherboard layout and understand which socket is which. Manuals are
immensely helpful, usually easy to read, and include illustrations instructions.
3. Check the layout of the sockets on the motherboard. And confirm that the ports
on your
motherboard’s back panel match the holes on the case’s Input/output (I/O) shield
installed in your case. If it is necessary, then remove the old I/O shield by tapping
it firmly a few times with the thicker end of a screwdriver. And then replace it with
the shield that came with the new motherboard.
4. You need carefully position the motherboard on top of the brass standoffs. After
that line up all the holes, use the screws that accompanied the case to fasten
down the motherboard.
5. Don’t forget to place the CMOS in the proper position.
5. INSTALL THE PROCESSOR (CPU):

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Computer Assembly and Repair Lab

1. Use the unlocking mechanism to open the CPU socket which is, usually a lever.
2. Carefully line up the pins and place the chip in its socket; it will fit only
when oriented correctly. An arrow or a missing pin on one corner of the chip
will show you how to line things up.
3. Align with the triangular symbol with the processor and socket key marks, as
shown in the Figure.
4. Lower the lever to lock the CPU into place.

7. INSTALL RAM MEMORY:

8. Install the Power Supply Unit (SMPS):

1. Unlock the two tabs from both ends of the RAM slot.
2. To install the RAM, insert them into the proper sockets and push down firmly but
evenly until the clips on both sides of the socket pop into place. If your
motherboard supports dual- channel memory, consult the user manual to
determine which pairs of RAM sockets you should use.

9. To install HDD: You can see a 3.5 inch bay inside the CPU
cabinet. If you are unable to find it, then check the manual of the case to
identify the bay location.

1. Place the SMPS inside the CPU cabinet in the proper position. If you are not able
to find the correct location, then check the manual.
2. Final steps, to install SMPS, you need to tighten the screw to secure the SMPS to
the case.

49
Computer Assembly and Repair Lab

Place the HDD inside the bay properly and tighten the screw.

10. To install CD/DVD:

You can see a 5.25 inch bay inside the CPU cabinet. If you are unable to find it, check the
manual of the case to identify the bay location.

Place the CD/DVD inside the CPU cabinet to align with the 5.25-inch bay. And, finally, you
need to tighten all the screws to hold firmly.

11. Install Expansion cards:

Expansion cards help to increase the functionality of your computer. You can place
Expansion cards on the motherboard.

PCI compatible expansion cards can place on the PCI slots of the motherboard.

PCI-e compatible expansion cards can place on the PCI-e slots of the motherboard. Video

cards or graphics cards can place on the AGP slot of the motherboard.

You must know about various parts of a motherboard such that, you can effortlessly identify
the different connectors.
12. Install Sys/Rear cooling fan:

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Computer Assembly and Repair Lab

Find the location where you can place the Sys/Rear cooling Fan. Generally, SYS/Rear
cooling can place below the SMPS.

13. Bus cable connection:

Amazingly, bus cable or data cable connections are prime connections. Bus cable helps to
share information or data between the storage device and motherboard.

sata-pata bus and connector

If your motherboard has a SATA Bus connector, then you need to use SATA cables.
AND if your motherboard has a PATA Bus connector, then you can use PATA cable
or IDE cable.
1. You can find a 20/24 pins ATX power connector port on the motherboard.
The 20/24 pins ATX power connector cable coming from SMPS needs to connect
here. Check the lock system in both ends of the connector and the port, and
place it properly. As always, refer to your motherboard’s manual for the exact
locations.
2. There is another 4-pins ATX power connector port, you can find on the
motherboard. You can locate this port near the processor socket. You must
connect the 4-pins power connector in this port properly.

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Computer Assembly and Repair Lab

14. Power Cable connection:

This one is the final step of assembling a CPU. You need to provide power
to the different parts of the CPU. Plug the ATX power connector from
your power supply into the matching port on your motherboard.

15. Front Panel connector connection:

Use your motherboard user manual and find the description of front-
panel connectors.

First, Attach each of the tiny leads from the power and reset switches.
After that, the hard-disk activity lights, the PC speaker, and any front-
panel USB to the corresponding pin on your motherboard.

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