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Control

The Nvis 3000A Control System Lab includes various components such as sensors, motors, and relays for control system experiments, and is compatible with the Nvis 630 Data Acquisition System for interfacing real-world signals with a PC. The Nvis 630 DAQ features multiple analog and digital input/output channels, data logging, and USB connectivity. The document also explains control system concepts, including open and closed-loop systems, and provides technical specifications for both the control lab and the data acquisition system.

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4 views33 pages

Control

The Nvis 3000A Control System Lab includes various components such as sensors, motors, and relays for control system experiments, and is compatible with the Nvis 630 Data Acquisition System for interfacing real-world signals with a PC. The Nvis 630 DAQ features multiple analog and digital input/output channels, data logging, and USB connectivity. The document also explains control system concepts, including open and closed-loop systems, and provides technical specifications for both the control lab and the data acquisition system.

Uploaded by

parveen790
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Nvis 3000A (as shown in below figure) has various parts like Temperature Sensor,

Light Sensor, DC Motor, Servo Motor, LED lamps, IR Sensor, Relay SPST, and
Relay DPDT; De-bounce switch, LED Bar, Buzzer etc. which can be used for study
of Control system. There are a wide range of experiments that can be performed on
the platform.
Nvis 3000A Control System Lab is also compatible with Nvis 630 Data Acquisition
System. Nvis 630 DAQ is very useful for sensing and controlling analog and digital
signals of any process. It makes easy and interesting to interface real world signals
with PC through USB bus. For ease of connection it has screw terminals.
Features
Nvis 630 DAQ:
· 4 analog input (ADC) channels
· 2 analog output (DAC) channels
· 11 Digital Input channels
· 11 Digital Output channels
· 10-bit ADC resolution
· Data logging facility
· USB interface
· Two unity gain given to strengthen the week signal from any
sensor
· Removable screw terminals for easy signal connectivity
Nvis 3000A Control System Lab:
· Open loop Control system
· Close loop Control system
· Feedback concept
· On board Temperature Sensor and heater
· External DC Motor with encoder
· On board LED lamp and Light Sensor
· On board Buzzer for Alarm
· On board Infrared Sensor
· On board relay interface
· On board LED bar display
· On board Servo Motor control
· DC Motor speed control
· Light intensity control
· V/F, F/V & V/I conversion
· Bread board for circuit design
· Exhaustive course material & references
Technical Specifications
Nvis 630 DAQ:
Analog Inputs : 4 Inputs with 10 bit resolution
Analog Output : 2 Outputs 10 bit resolutions
Digital Inputs : 11 TTL Inputs
Digital Outputs : 11 TTL Outputs
Unity gain amplifier : 2 (0V to 5V)
Counter : 0 to 6MHz (square wave)
PC Interface : USB 2.0
Nvis 3000A Control System Lab:
Operating Voltage : +5V, -5V, +12V, -12V
Servo Motor : +5VDC
DC Motor : +12VDC
Temperature Sensor : 10mV/0C
Light Sensor : Photo Conductive Cell (LDR)
Light Source : 2 LED’s
V/F : Input 0-5V
Output 0-5 KHz (approximately)
F/V : Input 0-5 KHz
Output 0-5V (approximately)
V/I : 4 to 20mA
Clock /Generator : 1 KHz – 40 KHz
(approximately)
SPST Relay : +5V
DPDT Relay : +5V
De-Bounce Switch : Monostable (5V output)
Buzzer : +5V
Switches : IR Switch, DIP switch
Mains Supply : 230V +/ 10%, 50Hz
Power Consumption : 4VA (Approximately)
Test Points : 24
Dimensions (mm) : W326 x H52 x D252
Weight : 1.5Kg (Approximately)
Nvis 630 Data Acquisition Card
Nvis 630 Data Acquisition System is very useful for sensing and controlling Analog
and Digital signals for any process. It facilitates the interfacing of real world signals
with PC through USB bus. Screw terminals are provided for easing connections. All
pins are multi-functional and user can change the operation of selected pins as per the
requirement.
A control system is a device, or set of devices, that manages, commands, directs or
regulates the behavior of other device or system. It is an interconnection of
components forming a system configuration that will provide a desired system
response. The basis for analysis of a system is the foundation provided by linear
system, which assumes a cause-effect relationship for the components of a system. A
component or process to be controlled can be represented by a block as shown in
below Figure.
Terminologies used in Control System:
Set Point: A preset value such as a specific speed or position that the control system
is supposed to reach. It is also known as the target value.
Process Variable: The actual value detected by a sensor as a process is taking place.
It is also known as the feedback signal.
Error: The difference between the set point & the previous value. When errors are
detected, the controller sends instructions to the control system to adjust the output to
compensate.
Feedback signal: The actual value detected by a Sensor as a process is taking place.
The feedback signal is part of a closed-loop Control System.
Automatic Feedback: Feedback that is controlled by an electronic or
electromechanical mechanism rather than a person.
Controller: The main device that processes information & carries out instructions in
a Robot. It is also known as the CPU, or processor.
Controller Tuning: A system of adjusting the Controller’s response to error by
adjusting values in the PID algorithm.
Gain: The ability of the Control System to increase the power or amplitude of its
signal.
PID Control: One of the most common types of Process Control. PID adjusts system
outputs when there is a difference between the Set Point & process variable.
Types of control system:
· Open loop Control System (without feedback)
· Closed loop Control System (Feedback)
· Open-loop Control System (without feedback):
An open-loop controller, also called a non-feedback controller, is a type of controller which
computes its input into a system using only the current state and its model of the system.
A characteristic of the open-loop controller is that it does not use feedback to determine if its
output has achieved the desired goal of the input. This means that the system does not observe
the output of the processes that it is controlling. Consequently, a true open-loop system can not
engage in machine learning and also cannot correct any errors that it could make. It also may
not compensate for disturbances in the system. As shown in below figure
Closed-loop Control System (Feedback):
Close loop control systems use the open loop systems (as forward path)
and feedback from the output to decide the input level to the open loop
system. And because the input is decided based on how much away the
output is from the desired level, the non idealities in forward path do not
degrade the system performance. The accuracy of the output thus depends
on the feedback path, which in general can be made very accurate. As
shown in below figure.
Block Diagram:
Block diagrams are ways of representing relationships between signals in a system.
Here is a block diagram of a typical control system. Each block in the block diagram
establishes a relationship between signals

Here are the relationships for this particular system


· E(s) = U(s) - Y(s)
This relationship is for the adder/subtractor (shown with a green circle)
· W(s) = K(s)E(s)
This shows how W(s) - the control effort that drives the system being controlled,
G(s) - is related to the error. The controller is probably an amplifier - probably a
power amplifier - that provides an output to drive the plant, G(s).
· Y(s) = G(s)W(s)
This shows how the output, Y(s), is related to the control effort
Signal Conditioning in Control System:
Signal conditioning is the practice of preparing a raw input signal for use with
instrumentation in a Data Acquisition and/or Control System. Signal conditioners take
signals from an assortment of field instruments, such as thermocouples & RTDs, and
convert these signals into any of several standard instrument signals. As shown in
below figure

Signal conditioning can include amplification, filtering, converting, range matching,


isolation and any other processes required to make sensor output suitable for
processing after conditioning.

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