0% found this document useful (0 votes)
18 views5 pages

Chapter - Gravitation (Topic - Floatation)

The document discusses the concepts of pressure, thrust, buoyant force, density, and Archimedes' principle, explaining how these principles govern the behavior of objects in fluids. It provides definitions, formulas, and applications such as submarines, hot-air balloons, and hydrometers, as well as conditions for floating or sinking in water. Additionally, it includes in-text questions and answers to reinforce understanding of these concepts.

Uploaded by

thakuramarnath78
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
18 views5 pages

Chapter - Gravitation (Topic - Floatation)

The document discusses the concepts of pressure, thrust, buoyant force, density, and Archimedes' principle, explaining how these principles govern the behavior of objects in fluids. It provides definitions, formulas, and applications such as submarines, hot-air balloons, and hydrometers, as well as conditions for floating or sinking in water. Additionally, it includes in-text questions and answers to reinforce understanding of these concepts.

Uploaded by

thakuramarnath78
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

CHAPTER-10 GRAVITAION ( FLOATATION)- NOTES

Pressure
Pressure is defined as the force per unit area. If a force F is applied on a surface
of area A, then the pressure P is defined as:
P =F/A
As you blow up a balloon, it becomes harder to blow the balloon as it becomes
bigger and bigger. This is because the air pressure inside the balloon is
increasing. Pressure is expressed in N/m2 which is also called a Pascal (Pa).
In fluids this pressure is always perpendicular to the surface of an object. It is
this pressure that is applied on an object submerged in water that forms the
thrust force.

Thrust
The force acting on an object perpendicular to the surface is called thrust.
This force is in the opposite direction to the force of gravity. Hence, it reduces
the total force acting downwards due to gravity on the object and we feel as
weight of the object has reduced.
The pressure applied by the fluid is:
The thrust on unit area is called pressure. Thus,

Pressure=Thrust /Area
Also
1 Pascal (Pa)=1 Newton (N)/1 Metre square (m2)

Thrust=Pressure × Area

This pressure which produces a thrust on the object, is the reason some objects
float in water. This force is in the opposite direction to the force of gravity.
Hence, it reduces the total force acting downwards due to gravity on the object
and we feel as weight of the object has reduced.
The pressure applied by the fluid is:

Buoyant Force
Whenever an object is immersed in a fluid, it experiences a force in vertically
upward direction due to that fluid. This force due to a fluid acting in upward
direction is called buoyant force or upthrust.
The value of buoyant force depends upon :
(i) the volume of object immersed in water (ii) the density of the fluid
Density
-Density of a substance is defined as its mass per unit volume. Its SI unit is
kg/m3. . In CGS unit , density is expressed as g/cm3.
Density = mass/ volume

Archimedes Principle
Statement : When a body is immersed fully or partially in a fluid, it experiences
an upward force that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by it.

Archimedes’ Principle -Applications


Following are the applications of Archimedes’ principle:

Submarine:
The reason why submarines are always underwater is that they have a
component called ballast tank which allows the water to enter making the
submarine be in its position underwater as the weight of the submarine is
greater than the buoyant force.

Hot-air balloon:
The reason why hot-air balloons rise and float in mid-air is because the buoyant
force of the hot-air balloon is less than the surrounding air. When the buoyant
force of the hot-air balloon is more, it starts to descend. This is done by varying
the quantity of hot air in the balloon.

Hydrometer:
A hydrometer is an instrument used for measuring the relative density of
liquids. Hydrometer consists of lead shots which makes them float vertically on
the liquid. The lower the hydrometer sinks, the lesser is the density of the liquid.

Why do objets float or sink in water:


An object float or sink when placed on the surface of the water because,

● An object sinks in water if its density is greater than that of water.


● An object floats in water if its density is less than that of water.
● When the object’s weight force is balanced by the upward push of the
water on the object.
● If the weight force down is larger than the water’s upward push on the
object, then the object will sink.

(Either draw the flow chart given below or paste it)

An object of 40 N weight when immersed in water losses 10N weight. Will


the object float of sink? Why?

Solution
We know that an object will sink if its apparent weight is 0.
Now, true weight of the body = 40N
apparent weight of the body = 30 N
So, the buoyant force on the body = 40N-30N=10N
now, as the apparent weight is still downwards, the object wouldn't be able to
keep floating and would sink under its own weight.
IN TEXT QUESTIONS –
Question 1. Why is it difficult to hold a school bag having a strap made of a
thin and strong string?
Answer: The force exerted by a thin and strong string is distributed to very less area
and hence the force applied due to the bag is more, the pressure exerted on the
body by thin straps will be more and hence will be more painful.
As pressure is inversely proportional to area, if the area is reduced pressure

Question 2. What do you mean by buoyancy?


Answer: The upward force exerted by any fluid (liquid, gas) on an object is known
as upthrust or buoyancy.

Question 3. Why does an object float or sink when placed on the surface of
water?
Answer: The density of the objects and water decides the floating or sinking of the
object in water.
The density of water is 1 gm/cm3.

● If the density of an object is less than the density of water then the object will
float.
● If the density of an object is more than the density of water then the object will
sink.

IN TEXT QUESTIONS –

Question 1. You find your mass to be 42 kg on a weighing machine. Is your mass


more or less than 42 kg?
Answer: The weighing machine actually measures the weight of the body as the
acceleration due to gravity ‘g’ is acting on the body. Hence the mass reading of 42 kg
given by a weighing machine is same as the actual mass of the body. As mass is the
quantity of inertia, it remains the same.

Question 2. You have a bag of cotton and an iron bar, each indicating a mass of 100
kg when measured on a weighing machine. In reality, one is heavier than other. Can
you say which one is heavier and why?
Answer: The heaviness of the bag can be given by density

Mass of both cotton bag and iron bag is same. But the volume of cotton bag is more than the
iron bag.
Hence density is inversely proportional to volume. The bag of iron will be heavier.

CHAPTER END EXERCISES ( Questions related to Floatation)

Question 19. In what direction does the buoyant force on an object immersed
in a liquid act?
Answer: The buoyant force on an object immersed in a liquid acts upwards, i.e.
opposite to the direction of the force exerted by the object.

Question 20. Why does a block of plastic released under water come up to the
surface of water?
Answer. The floating or sinking of a body in the water is decided by the density of
both the body and water’s buoyant force acting on the body by the liquid.
The density of plastic is less than the water and the buoyant force exerted by water
on the plastiq block is greater than the force exerted by plastic on the water.

Questin 21. The volume of 50 g of a substance is 20 cm3. If the density of water is 1


gem 3, will the substance float or sink?
Answer.

As the density of a given substance is more than the density of water. The substance will
sink in water.

Question 22. The volume of a 500 g sealed packet is 350 cm3. Will the packet float or
sink in water if the density of water is lg cmr3? What will be the mass of the water
displaced by this packet?
Answer:

You might also like