MODULE-IV

1. The term acid rain was coined in the year

a) 1952 b)1852 c) 1652 d) 1752
2. The pH value of the acid rain water is less than
a) 5.7 b) 7.0 c) 8.5 d) 7.5
3. The highest pH value of acid rain recorded was
a) 4.5 b) 5.7 c) 7.2 d) 3.0
4. Acidity in rain is measured by
a) Barometer b) Hygrometer c) Ammeter d) pH meter
5. The primary cause of the acid rain around the world is
a) CFC b) SO2 c) CO d) O3
6. Acid rain affects
a) Materials b) Plants c) Soil d) All these
7. Acid rains are more prominent in
a) Temperate regions b) Tropical regions c) Arid regions d) Equally prominent in all
regions
8. Which of the following is the remedial measure for acid rain?
a) Reducing the release of oxides of nitrogen and sulphur in to the atmosphere
b) Use of coal, free from sulphur
c) Use of electrostatic precipitator & catalytic converters d) All the above
9. Acid rain has been increasing day by day due to
a) Urbanization b) industrialization c) increase in vehicle population d) none of the above
10. The major contributors to the acid rain are known as
a) Precursors b) Processors c) Protons d) Pollutants
11. The important gaseous pollutants contributing to acid rain are
a) SO2 and NOx b) CO2 and H2S c) NOx and O3 d) None of these
12. Acid rain can be controlled by
a) Reducing S02 and N02 emissions. b) Reducing oxygen emission.
c) Increasing number of lakes. d) Increasing the forest cover.
13. Atmospheric oxidation of S02 to S03 is influenced by
a) Sunlight. b) Humidity c) Presence of hydrocarbons d) All of these
14. Reduction in brightness of the famous Taj Mahal is due to
a) Global warming. b) Air pollution c) Ozone depletion d) Afforestation.
15. Stone cancer or stone leprosy is caused by
a) UV rays b) Green house effect c) Acid rain d) Ozone depletion
16. The effect of acid rain
a) Reduces soil fertility. b) increases atmospheric temperature.
c) Causing respiratory problems d) skin cancer
17. Which of the following is not an ill effect of add rain?
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 a) results in killing fish b) causes stone leprosy c) leaches nutrients from the soil d) causes cataract.
18. The movement of nutrients from soil by acid rain is called
a) Infiltration b) Transpiration c) Leaching d) Exfiltration
19. The process of movement of nutrients from the soil by the Acid rain is called
a) Transpiration. b) Evapo- transpiration c) Leaching d) Infiltration.
20. Ozone layer is present in
a) Troposphere b) Stratosphere c) Mesosphere d) Thermosphere
21. Ozone layer thickness is measured in
a) PPM b) PPB c) Decibels d) Dobson Units
22. Normal average thickness of stratospheric ozone layer across the globe is around
a) 230 DU b) 300 DU c) 400 DU d) 500 DU
23. Formation of ozone layer is explained by
a) Rosenmund reaction b) Henderson’s reaction, c) Chapman’s reaction. d) Perkins’s reaction
24. Which of the following statements about ozone is true?
a) Ozone is a major constituent of photochemical smog c) Ozone is highly reactive
b) Ozone protects us from the harmful UV radiation of sun d) All of the above
25. Major compound responsible for the destruction of stratospheric ozone layer is
a) Oxygen b) CFC c) Carbon dioxide d) Methane
26. Each Chlorine free Radical can destroy the following number of ozone molecules.
a) l000 b) 10,000 c) 1,00,000 d) 100
27. Freons are
a) HFC b) CFC c) NFC d) Hydrocarbons.
28. Chloro Fluro Carbon’s (CFC) are
a) Non toxic b) Non flammable c) Non carcinogenic d) All the above
29. Ozone layers absorbs
a) UV rays b) Infra red rays c) Cosmic rays d) CO
30. Ozone hole was first discovered over
a) Arctic` b) Antarctica c) tropical region d) Africa
31. CFCs have been used as
a) Solvent b) refrigerants c) blowing agents for polymer forms d) all of these
32. World Ozone day is being celebrated on
a) September 5th b) October 15th c) September 16th d) September 11th
33. The international protocol to protect the Ozone layer is
a) Vienna protocol b) Kyoto protocol c) Cartagena protocol d) Montreal protocol
34. Which of the following statements about ozone is true?
a) Ozone is a major constituent of photochemical smog b) Ozone is highly reactive
c) Ozone protects us from the harmful UV radiation of sun. d) All of the above
35. Ozone depletion causes
a) Snow blindness b) Photochemical smog c) acid rain d) vomiting
36. Which of the following statement is not true about animal husbandry?
a) it is a part of agricultural activity. b) it is breeding, feeding and management of animals.
c) it is livestock production. d) it is protection of wild life
37. Which of the following is the purpose of animal husbandry?

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 a) conservation of animal husbandry b) production of meat
c) conservation of wildlife d) conservation of forests.
38. Domesticated animals are used for
a) Dairy products. b) Production of fiber c) Production of meat d) All of these
39. Animal husbandry results in
a) Global warming b) Acid rain c) Ozone depletion d) none of these
40. Live stock wastes release large amount of_____ into environment.
a) NH4 b) NH3 c) NO3 d) NO4
41. The science of animal husbandry is called
a) Plant science b) Soil science c) Animal science d) Human science

1. What is the increase in global average air temperature near the Earth's surface over the past century?
a) 1.2 ± 0.25 °C
b) 0.74 ± 0.18 °C
c) 0.5 ± 0.15 °C
d) 1.0 ± 0.2 °C
Answer: b) 0.74 ± 0.18 °C

2. Why are Arctic temperatures rising almost twice as fast as the global average?
a) Increased volcanic activity
b) High solar radiation in the region
c) Feedback effects from melting ice and reduced albedo
d) Excessive industrial activity
Answer: c) Feedback effects from melting ice and reduced albedo

3. What is one of the projected contributions of Arctic glacier melt to sea level rise by 2100?
a) 10 cm
b) 7 cm
c) 5 cm
d) 3 cm
Answer: c) 5 cm

4. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of global warming?

a) Changes in agricultural yields
b) Glacier retreat
c) Reduced summer stream flows
d) Decreased forest fire frequency
Answer: d) Decreased Forest fire frequency

5. What is the primary habitat requirement for polar bears that is threatened by global warming?
a) High-altitude forests
b) Sea ice
c) Sandy beaches
d) Coral reefs
Answer: b) Sea ice

6. How does global warming affect Arctic marine fish stocks?

a) Reduces their reproduction rates
b) Leads to extinction of all species
c) Alters sea surface temperatures and currents
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 d) Increases their population density
Answer: c) Alters Sea surface temperatures and currents

7. What is a major consequence of rising sea levels on human settlements?

a) Expansion of agricultural lands
b) Improved air quality in coastal areas
c) Flooding of marshes and coastal plains
d) Creation of new natural reservoirs
Answer: c) Flooding of marshes and coastal plains

8. Which of the following factors contributes to the intensification of forest fires?

a) Lower temperatures
b) Reduced insect activity
c) Warming temperatures and insect outbreaks
d) Decreased precipitation in forests
Answer: c) Warming temperatures and insect outbreaks

9. What type of ecosystem disruption is particularly severe in the Arctic due to global warming?
a) Loss of freshwater reserves
b) Damage to desert vegetation
c) Decline in sea ice and marine productivity
d) Erosion of mountain ranges
Answer: c) Decline in sea ice and marine productivity

10. Which of the following is an impact of melting glaciers on water systems?

a) Increased water availability in all seasons
b) Reduction in summer stream flows
c) Prevention of floods during the rainy season
d) Stabilization of groundwater levels
Answer: b) Reduction in summer stream flows

11. Why is fluorine not used in its elemental form in environmental engineering?
a) It is too expensive to produce.
b) It is highly reactive and difficult to control.
c) It is ineffective for water treatment purposes.
d) It does not dissolve in water.
Answer: b) It is highly reactive and difficult to control.

12. What is the optimum concentration of fluoride (F⁻) in drinking water to prevent dental caries?
a) < 0.5 ppm
b) 1 ppm
c) 2-4 ppm
d) > 4 ppm
Answer: b) 1 ppm

13. Which method is NOT used for determining fluoride concentration in water?
a) Ion chromatography
b) Electrode method
c) Thermal conductivity analysis
d) SPADNS method
Answer: c) Thermal conductivity analysis

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14. Cryolite (Na₃AlF₆), used in aluminum processing plants, contributes to fluoride contamination in water
primarily through:
a) Wastewater discharge
b) Solid waste leaching
c) Atmospheric vapor release
d) Accidental spillage
Answer: c) Atmospheric vapor release

15. What is the health condition caused by excessive fluoride concentration (> 4 ppm) in water?
a) Dental caries
b) Dental fluorosis
c) Crippling skeletal fluorosis
d) Osteoporosis
Answer: c) Crippling skeletal fluorosis

16. What is the primary method for removing excess fluoride from water (defluoridation)?
a) Chlorination
b) Use of activated alumina and bone char
c) Aeration
d) Reverse osmosis
Answer: b) Use of activated alumina and bone char

17. Which of the following is a symptom of dental caries caused by low fluoride concentration (< 1 ppm)?
a) Brown stains on teeth
b) White flecks on teeth
c) Yellowing of teeth
d) Weak and brittle bones and teeth
Answer: d) Weak and brittle bones and teeth

18. The condition caused by excessive fluoride intake over an extended period, characterized by enamel
discoloration and yellowing of teeth, is called:
a) Dental caries
b) Skeletal fluorosis
c) Dental fluorosis
d) Osteomalacia
Answer: c) Dental fluorosis

19. Which tissue(s) does fluoride concentrate in?

a) All soft tissues
b) Blood and liver
c) Bones and teeth
d) Skin and nails
Answer: c) Bones and teeth

20. What are the extreme fluoride concentration limits in drinking water that can cause skeletal fluorosis?
a) < 1 ppm
b) 1-2 ppm
c) 2-4 ppm
d) > 4 ppm
Answer: d) > 4 ppm

21. What is the primary issue faced by people displaced due to major projects like dams or mining?
a) Inadequate transport facilities
b) Forced relocation without adequate compensation
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 c) Lack of education opportunities in new areas
d) Overpopulation in urban areas
Answer: b) Forced relocation without adequate compensation

22. Why do tribal communities face significant challenges when displaced?

a) They often lack proper identification documents.
b) Their traditional lifestyles are closely tied to natural resources.
c) They are more susceptible to diseases in urban areas.
d) They refuse to adapt to any form of rehabilitation.
Answer: b) Their traditional lifestyles are closely tied to natural resources.

23. What is a common consequence for communities forced to absorb displaced tribal populations?
a) Rapid urbanization
b) Increased resource strain and social tensions
c) Economic prosperity for the host community
d) Improved infrastructure in rural areas
Answer: b) Increased resource strain and social tensions

24. What is a key reason for the failure of resettlement programs in India?
a) Lack of government funding
b) Non-availability of good quality arable land
c) Resistance from the displaced individuals
d) Mismanagement by local authorities
Answer: b) Non-availability of good quality arable land

25. Which major dam project in India is known for displacing nearly one lakh people with inadequate
rehabilitation?
a) Sardar Sarovar Dam
b) Bhakra Nangal Dam
c) Tehri Dam
d) Hirakud Dam
Answer: c) Tehri Dam

26. What is one of the most severe consequences of forced displacement on tribal communities?
a) Growth in industrial employment opportunities
b) Preservation of traditional culture
c) Destruction of traditional cultures and community structures
d) Improved healthcare access
Answer: c) Destruction of traditional cultures and community structures

27. What emotional challenge is commonly faced by displaced people?

a) Improved social interaction
b) Trauma from being removed from ancestral lands
c) Excitement about new opportunities
d) Enhanced psychological resilience
Answer: b) Trauma from being removed from ancestral lands

28. What is often the quality of land provided to displaced individuals under resettlement programs in India?
a) Fertile agricultural land
b) Usable wasteland
c) Prime urban property
d) Land near natural water sources
Answer: b) Usable wasteland

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29. How have dam projects in India affected poor local populations?
a) They have provided significant economic benefits.
b) They have improved access to resources for the displaced.
c) They have often displaced people unfairly without proper compensation.
d) They have strengthened community ties.
Answer: c) They have often displaced people unfairly without proper compensation.

30. What is a unique aspect of displacement requests from communities living near National Parks or
Wildlife Sanctuaries?
a) They voluntarily request relocation.
b) They are provided premium housing facilities.
c) They are relocated to urban areas.
d) They are compensated with high monetary rewards.
Answer: a) They voluntarily request relocation.