MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Q1. Ecosystem may be defined as

1. A species along with environment
2. Plants found in water
3. Plants found on land
4. All plants and animals species along with environment
Answer:4
Q2. A pond / lake is
1. A biome
2. Unnatural ecosystem
3. An artificial ecosystem
4. Community of plants and animals only
Answer:2
Q3. Biome is
1. The fauna of an ocean
2. The Flora of land
3. Communities of organisms interacting with one another
4. The part of the earth and its atmosphere which is inhabited by living organisms
Answer:3
Q4. Grassland biome for its maintenance requires
1. Periodic fire
2. Intensive grazing
3. Mowing
4. All the above
Answer:4
Q6. Primary consumers in the detritus food chain are
1. Herbivorous
2. Bacteria and fungi
3. Insect Larva, nematodes
4. All the above
Answer:2
Q7. Total organic matter present in an ecosystem is called
1. Biomass
2. Biome
3. Litter
4. Food
Answer:1
Q8. Detritus food chain in comparison to grazing food chain is
1. Generally longer
2. Generally equal
3. Generally shorter
4. None of these
Answer:3
Q9. Putrefying organisms are
1. Producer organisms
2. Reducer organisms
3. Consumer organisms
4. Parasitic organisms
Answer:2
Q10. The most important organisms for an ecosystem are
1. Herbivorous
2. Carnivorous
3. Green plants
4. Protozoa
Answer:3
Q11. A peacock eats snakes which eat frog these eat hoppers which in turn thrive on leaves of the
plants, the peacock is
1. Primary consumer
2. Secondary consumer
3. Decomposer
4. Apex of the food pyramid
Answer:4
Q12. A food chain is
1. Group of organisms which eat the same type of food
2. Animals eating animals eating
3. Series of plants / animals which are interrelated in the form of organisms being eaten as food
by the other
4. None of these
Answer:3
Q13. A food chain consists of
1. Producers
2. Consumers
3. Decomposers
4. Producers and Consumers
Answer:4
Q14. Trophic leaves in a food chain are formed by
1. Producers
2. Consumers
3. Decomposers
4. All the above
Answer:4
Q15. Food chain always starts with
1. Photosynthesis
2. Respiration
3. Nitrogen fixation
4. Decay
Answer:1
Q16. Primary consumers are
1. Green plants
2. Herbivorous
3. Carnivorous
4. All the above
Answer:2
Q17. Secondary consumers are
1. Green plants
2. Herbivorous
3. Carnivorous
4. All the above
Answer:3
Q18. Which of the food chain directly depends on solar radiations?
 1. Predator
2. Grazing
3. Detritus
4. None of these
Answer:2
Q19. Producers in any grazing food chain
1. Feed the herbivorous
2. Feed the carnivorous
3. Clean the atmosphere
4. Capture solar energy
Answer:4
Q20. Converters or transducers organisms in the food chain are called
1. Herbivorous
2. Carnivorous
3. Decomposers
4. Producers
Answer:4
Q21. Biological equilibrium is an equilibrium among the
1. Producers
2. Producers and consumers
3. Decomposers
4. Producers consumers and decomposers
Answer:4
Q22. Trophic level in a food chain which cycles the various materials between environment and
living organisms is constituted by
1. Producers
2. Consumers
3. Decomposers
4. All the above
Answer:3
Q23. Food web is constituted by
1. Various interlinked food chains in a community
2. Relationship between animals and plants
3. Relationship between organisms and their environment
4. Relationship between animals, plants and microbes
Answer:1
Q24. Vegetation of a Geographic region with low rainfall, high temperature, loose and sandy soil is
of the type called
1. Grassland
2. Scrub forest
3. Xerophytic
4. Evergreen tropical forest
Answer:3
Q25. Interesting real ecosystem, maximum energy is present in
1. T3
2. T2
3. T1
4. T4
Answer:3
Q26. In pond ecosystem the shape of pyramid of number is
1. Linear
 2. Irregular
3. Upright
4. Inverted
Answer:3
Q27. In parasitic food chain,the pyramid of number is
1. Linear
2. Upright
3. Inverted
4. Inverted upright
Answer:3
Q28. In grassland ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is
1. Linear
2. Upright
3. Inverted
4. Inverted upright
Answer:2
Q29. In pyramid of food, the producers occupy
1. The base
2. Position near the base
3. Apex
4. Position near Apex
Answer:1
Q30. Energy flow in an ecosystem is
1. Uni directional
2. Bidirectional
3. Multidirectional
4. All the above
Answer:1
Q31. Ascending trophic level in grazing food chain pyramid represents
1. Gradual decrease in biomass from Apex to base
2. Gradual decrease in biomass from producers to the tertiary consumers
3. Gradual increase of the biomass from producers to the tertiary consumers
4. No change in Biomass
Answer:2
Q32. Rate of storage of organic matter not used by heterotrophic is termed as
1. Net productivity
2. Net primary productivity
3. Gross primary productivity
4. Secondary productivity
Answer:2
Q33. Graphic representation of biomass relationship between the Producers and Consumers in an
ecosystem is called
1. Trophic level
2. Ecological system
3. Ecological Niche
4. Ecological pyramid
Answer:4
Q34. If all green plants of earth are destroyed
1. All plants shall die
2. Only Herbivorous animals shall die
3. All animals shall die ultimately
 4. Nothing shall happened to animals
Answer:3
Q35. The typical bio of an area having 50 to 100 CM of rainfall is
1. Desert
2. Grassland
3. Deciduous forest
4. Coniferous forest
Answer:2
Q36. Grassland of USA is referred to as
1. Prairie
2. Steppes
3. Pampas
4. Veldts
Answer:1
Q37. Plankton, nekton and benthos are not the components of one of the ecosystems which is
1. Oceans
2. Fresh water rivers
3. Grassland
4. Pond or lake
Answer:3
Q38. The food chain in which microorganisms break down the energy rich compounds synthesized
by producers
1. Predator food chain
2. Parasitic food chain
3. Detritus food chain
4. None of these
Answer:3
Q39. When a big fish eats a small fish which eats water fleas supported by phytoplankton water
fleas are
1. Producers
2. Primary consumers
3. Secondary consumers
4. Top consumers
Answer:2
Q40. Deciduous plants are those in which leaves fall
1. Once in a year
2. Twice twice in a year
3. Many times a year
4. None of the above
Answer:1
Q41. Which forests have maximum diversity?
1. Sub tropical rainforests
2. Coniferous forest
3. Tropical forests
4. Deciduous forest
Answer: 3
Q42. Which one is not a factor of the abiotic environment?
1. Sunlight
2. Decomposers
3. Water
4. Temperature
Answer: 2
Q43. Functional aspect of an ecosystem is
1. Producers consumers and abiotic environment

2. Regulation of populations
3. Light, temperature, Oxygen and Carbon dioxide
4. Both 1 and 3
Answer: 2
Q44. Which is true of a food chain?
1. Passage of food from one trophic Level to the next higher one
2. Passage of energy from one trophic Level to next higher one
3. Dissipation of energy at successive trophic levels
4. All the above
Answer:4
Q45. Food web
1. Increases variety of food at each trophic level
2. Delicately balances the inter relations amongst organisms
3. Decreases variety of food but increases quantity of food at each trophic level
4. Increases variety as well as quantity of food at each trophic level
Answer:2
1. Eco-toxicology is the study of ________
a) Chemical interactions of organism and environment
b) Physical interactions of organism and environment
c) Thermal interactions of organism and environment
d) Biological interactions of organism and environment
2. Hazard estimation in ecotoxicology is done based on _______
a) Accumulation
b) Bio-accumulation
c) SARA
d) HWL
3. Eco-toxicology is based on ______ of chemicals.
a) Chemical
b) Physical
c) Toxicological
d) Biological
4. Acute aquatic toxicity is measured in _______
a) EC
b) AS
c) PS
d) CB
a. Explanation: Acute aquatic toxicity is measured with respect to the concentration of
effected organism i.e. EC50 or survive treatment LD50.
5. Below which of the following pH is rain regarded as ‘acid rain’?
a) 7
b) 7.3
c) 5.6
d) 6
6. Which of the following gases are main contributors to acid rain?
a) Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
b) Sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide
c) Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide
d) Sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxide
7. What is the pH required for the survival of aquatic animals and plants?
a) 7
b) 7.5
c) 6.5
d) 4.8(Aquatic organisms require a moderately acidic pH of 4.8 and if it goes below this
level, it proves to be detrimental to their survival.)
8. The acidic air pollutants reach the Earth’s surface because of wet deposition only.
a) True
b) False(The acidic air pollutions get deposited on the Earth’s surface due to both wet and
dry deposition. Wet deposition occurs due to rain fall and moist weather, whereas dry
deposition occurs due to mixing of acidic pollutants and dust.)
9. Which of the following gases is responsible for the yellowing of the Taj Mahal?
a) Organic carbon
b) Black carbon
c) Brown carbon
d) All of the mentioned(Organic carbon, black carbon and brown carbon (generated due to
biomass combustion) are light absorbing particles responsible for the yellowing of the Taj
Mahal.)

10. Acid Rain is caused by emissions of

(A) Sulphur dioxide

(B) Nitrogen oxide

 (C) Both (A) and (B)

(D) Carbon dioxide

11. Sulphur dioxide is produced by

(A) Lightning strikes

(B) Volcanic eruptions

(C) Gasoline engine

(D) All of the above

12. _______ and water in the air react together to form carbonic acid
(A) Carbon monoxide

(B) Carbon dioxide

(C) Carbon

(D) All of the above

13. The acid rain leach away

(A) Calcium

(B) Magnesium

(C) Both (A) and (B)

(D) None of the elements

14. When do greenhouse gases cause global warming?

a) When their concentration is enhanced(Greenhouse gases cause global warming which in
the long run threatens the existence of life on Earth. This is the case only when their
concentration is enhanced, but these gases are also essential to survive on this planet.)
b) When their concentration is decreased
c) When there are no greenhouse gases
d) When greenhouse gas released in balance way
15. How much percent of energy is absorbs from the Sun to Earth?
a) 25%
b) 50%(When the Earth receives energy from the Sun, the surface of the Earth only absorbs
50% of it. The radiation absorbed by the atmosphere is radiated again in all direction some
radiated towards space and radiated back to the surface of the Earth.)
c) 75%
d) 100%
16. What is called for the phenomenon when the radiation absorbed by the atmosphere is re-radiated
towards the surface of the Earth?
a) Smog
b) Newton effect
c) Darwin effect
d) Greenhouse effect(Greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that helps in keeping the
temperature at the surface warm and balanced, which is suitable for all organisms. Because
of greenhouse gas, the radiations are re-radiated.)
17. Which of the following result obtain due to cutting down of trees?
a) Providing more fresh oxygen
b) Providing more pure water
c) Cause greenhouse effect(Forest which plays an important role in maintaining the balance
of nature by absorbing the excess carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere. Cutting down
of trees increase in carbon dioxide level, eventually, cause greenhouse effect.)
d) Cause increase in the rain
18. Which is the most abundantly found greenhouse gas?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Water vapour(Water vapor is the most abundantly found greenhouse gas. It constituting
around 35-70% of all the gases contributing to greenhouse effect. Increase in temperature
results in a relatively high presence of water vapor in the atmosphere.)
c) Methane
d) Nitrous oxide
19. Population growth indirectly contributes for greenhouse effect.
a) True
b) False
20. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?
a) Water vapor
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Methane
d) Ethane(Ethane is not a greenhouse gas among the above options. Water vapor is the
most abundantly found greenhouse gas with consti9tute around 35-70%, carbon dioxide
constitutes around 9-26% and methane constitute around 4-9%.
21. Why the temperature inside the car is much warmer than the outside temperature when the car
that has been left parked in the sun for a couple of hours?
a) Due to air pollution
b) Due to smog
c) Due to sudden climate change
d) Due to greenhouse effect(When we opened we open the door of a car that has been left
parked in the sun for a couple of hours, we notice that the temperature inside the car is
much warmer than outside. This is due to greenhouse effect.)
22. For greenhouse effect greenhouse gases interacts with which one of the following options?
a) Wind’s energy
b) Sun’s energy(The greenhouse effect is caused due to the interaction of the sun’s energy
with greenhouse gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and fluorinated
gases in the Earth’s atmosphere. The greenhouse effect increases the temperature of the
Earth.
c) Atmosphere pressure
d) Pollution in the atmosphere
23. Which is the main feedback gas of the greenhouse effect?
a) Water vapour(The main feedback gas of the greenhouse effect is water vapor. Water
vapor is a highly active component of the climate system that responds rapidly to changes
in conditions. Thus the impact of the greenhouse effect is primarily circulated through
water vapor and it acts as a fast feedback.
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Methane
d) Nitrous oxide
24. Greenhouse is made up of_______________
a) Bricks
b) Glass( A greenhouse is a house that is made up of glass. It has many doors and roof
which are made up of glass. A greenhouse remains warm during the winter. It is used by
the people in colder regions where it is difficult to grow plants under extreme cold
temperature.)
c) Steel
d) Copper
25. Greenhouse effect occurs to bodies other than Earth.
a) True(The greenhouse effect on Titan has an anti-greenhouse effect. The greenhouse
effect on Venus is large because its dense atmosphere consists mainly of carbon dioxide.
Because of the evaporation of nitrogen, Pluto is colder than expected.)
b) False
26. Groundwater is a subordinate to surface water.
a) True
b) False(The importance of groundwater in water supply system can hardly be over
emphasized. It is in no way subordinate to that of surface waters.)
27. The quantity of water that can be withdrawn annually and also the rate at which this withdrawal
could be made without adversely affecting the inventory of the aquifer is called __________
a) Annual yield
b) Percent yield
c) Operational yield ( The quantity of water that can be withdrawn annually and also the rate
at which the withdrawal could be made without adversely affecting the inventory of the
aquifer, therefore, determine what may be called operational yield.
d) Monthly yield
28. When an aquifer is used to artificially recharge by making it pass through an intervening layer, the
aquifer acts as __________
a) A cooling agent
b) An aerating agent
c) An odour agent
d) A filter plant(An aquifer may be made to serve as a filter plant when artificial recharge is
made to pass through an intervening layer of rock, which acts as a natural filter.
29. When would the dam become irrelevant?
a) When the rocks are strong
b) When the rocks are impermeable
c) When the rocks are porous(A dam is built across a river primarily to store water in the
form of a reservoir. The whole idea of a dam would become irrelevant if the foundations on
which it is built are made of porous rocks or if a stretch of a reservoir rock is permeable.
d) When the rocks are weathered to a certain extent
30. Which quality of rock should be known properly for the foundations of dams, reservoirs, etc.?
a) Colour knowledge
b) Geological
c) Hydrogeological(The position of the water table and hydrogeological qualities of rocks
forming foundations and abutments of dams and reservoirs must be known.)
d) History of the formation of rocks
31. Groundwater is a source of trouble at which place?
a) Plains
b) Slopes(Groundwater is a major source of trouble for the stability of slopes. Many slope
failures, especially in hilly regions are due to direct or indirect involvement of
groundwater.)
c) Rivers
d) Lakes
32. The lubricating action of water is a positive action for slope rocks.
a) True
b) False(Soil creep and solifluction are caused mainly due to groundwater. The lubricating
action of water besides its negative effect on the strength parameters of rocks is the major
cause in initiating massive landslides.)
33. What is the health effects of excess fluoride in drinking water?
(a) Fluorosis
(b) Toothaches
(c) Lung disease
(d) Intestinal infection
34. Which of the following techniques is used to remove fluorides from the
water bodies?
(a) Osmosis
(b) Ion exchange
 (c) Lime softening
(d) Both b and c
35. Which of the following is a waterborne disease?
(a) Typhoid
(b) Cholera
(c) Diarrhoea
(d) All of the above
36. The main sources of Arsenic in water are ________.
(a) Floods
(b) Fertilizers
(c) Industrial waste
(d) Both b and c
37. Which of the following diseases or infections is caused due to poor water
hygiene?
(a) Leprosy
(b) Trachoma
(c) Conjunctivitis
(d) All of the above
38. Which of the following statements is true about the composition of Calcium
Carbonate (CaCo3) in soft water?
(a) 0 to 30 milligrams of CaCO3 per litre
(b) 30 to 60 milligrams of CaCO3 per litre
(c) 60 to 90 milligrams of CaCO3 per litre
(d) 90 to 120 milligrams of CaCO3 per litre
39. Cosmic rays, such as gamma rays are a source of

a. Soil Pollution
b. Noise Pollution
c. Thermal Pollution
d. Radiation pollution
40. Photochemical smog is related to the pollution of
(a) soil (b) water (c) noise (d) air

Which of the following is not produced as exhaust of vehicles?

(a) sulphur dioxide (b) carbon dioxide (c) carbon monoxide (d) fly ash

41. Which of the following will not cause any atmospheric pollution?

(a) Hydrogen (b) Sulphur Dioxide (c) Carbon dioxide (d) Carbon monoxide
Which of the following facts is incorrect?

1. Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of the earth’s climate system
2. Eutrophication is observed in water bodies
3. The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon
4. Ozone is harmless to breathe

1. The percentage of a rock's total volume that is taken up by pore space is

called the _______ .
 permeability
recharge
aquifer
porosity

• Permeability is __________ .

the ability of a solid to allow fluids to pass through

the process by which plants release water vapor to the atmosphere
the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the maximum amount of water vapor the
air can hold.
the percentage of pore space in the rock

The best groundwater reservoirs have __________ .?

low permeability and low porosity

low permeability and high porosity
high permeability and low porosity
high permeability and high porosity

1. The infiltration of water into the subsurface is the __________ .

influent
effluent
discharge
recharge