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1 LAN (Local Ar

The document provides an overview of different types of computer networks, including Local Area Networks (LAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN), and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), highlighting their characteristics and uses. It also discusses the advantages of database systems over conventional file systems and cloud computing, as well as the benefits of cloud computing compared to database systems. Additionally, it compares database management systems with operating systems and outlines methods for converting between octal, hexadecimal, and binary number systems.

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7 views4 pages

1 LAN (Local Ar

The document provides an overview of different types of computer networks, including Local Area Networks (LAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN), and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), highlighting their characteristics and uses. It also discusses the advantages of database systems over conventional file systems and cloud computing, as well as the benefits of cloud computing compared to database systems. Additionally, it compares database management systems with operating systems and outlines methods for converting between octal, hexadecimal, and binary number systems.

Uploaded by

tadiwamuneta30
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

LAN (Local Area Network):


A Local Area Network is a network that connects computers and devices in a
limited geographical area such as a home, office, or school. LANs are typically
owned, controlled, and managed by a single organization or individual. They
allow for the sharing of resources like printers, files, and internet connections
among connected devices. LANs are commonly used for internal
communication within organizations and are usually faster and more secure
compared to wide area networks.

2. WAN (Wide Area Network):


A Wide Area Network is a network that spans a large geographical area,
connecting multiple LANs and other networks together. WANs can be
established using various technologies such as leased lines, satellite links, and
fiber optics. They are typically used by organizations with multiple branch
offices located in different cities or countries to facilitate communication and
data exchange on a broader scale. WANs are slower than LANs due to the
longer distances data must travel, but they provide widespread connectivity.

3. WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network):


A Wireless Local Area Network is a type of LAN that uses wireless technology
(such as Wi-Fi) to connect devices within a limited area without the need for
physical cables. WLANs are commonly found in homes, offices, airports, cafes,
and other public spaces where users can connect to the network wirelessly
using their devices like laptops, smartphones, and tablets. WLANs offer
flexibility and mobility since users can move around freely within the network
coverage area. However, they may have security vulnerabilities if not properly
secured.

These are just a few examples of the different types of computer networks,
each serving specific purposes and catering to different needs based on the
size and scope of the network requirements.
Advantages of databases systems over conventional file systems [10marks].
Advantages of database systems over cloud computing [10marks].
Advantages of cloud computing over database systems [10marks]. Compare
and contrast data base management systems and operating systems
[10marks]. How to convert octal to hexadecimal. How to convert hexadecimal
to octal. How to convert octal to binary.
It seems like you have several questions related to different topics. Let's
break it down one by one:

Advantages of Database Systems over Conventional File Systems [10 marks]:


1. Data Integrity: Database systems enforce data integrity constraints to
ensure the accuracy and consistency of data.
2. Data Security: Database systems provide features like authentication,
authorization, and encryption to secure sensitive information.
3. Data Sharing: Multiple users can access and modify data concurrently in a
database system, promoting collaboration and efficiency.
4. Data Redundancy: Database systems minimize data redundancy through
normalization techniques, reducing storage space and improving data
consistency.
5. Data Independence: Database systems separate data storage and
application logic, enabling changes in data structure without affecting
applications.

Advantages of Database Systems over Cloud Computing [10 marks]:


1. Data Control: Database systems offer more control over data storage,
management, and security compared to cloud computing services.
2. Performance: Database systems installed on local servers typically offer
faster data processing and lower latency than cloud-based databases.
3. Compliance: Certain industries or organizations with strict data regulations
may prefer using a database system for better compliance and governance.
4. Customization: Database systems allow for customization and optimization
based on specific business requirements, which may not be easily achievable
in cloud environments.
5. Cost: In some cases, maintaining a dedicated database system may be
more cost-effective than relying on cloud computing services, especially for
long-term use.

Advantages of Cloud Computing over Database Systems [10 marks]:


1. Scalability: Cloud computing allows for easy scalability of resources based
on demand, unlike traditional database systems that may require manual
adjustments.
2. Accessibility: Cloud computing provides remote access to data and
applications from anywhere with an internet connection, promoting flexibility
and collaboration.
3. Cost Efficiency: Cloud computing services offer pay-as-you-go pricing
models, reducing upfront infrastructure costs and providing cost savings for
resource usage.
4. Maintenance: Cloud service providers handle infrastructure maintenance,
updates, and backups, freeing up IT resources from routine tasks.
5. Disaster Recovery: Cloud computing offers built-in redundancy and disaster
recovery options to ensure data availability and continuity in case of failures.

Comparison between Database Management Systems and Operating Systems


[10 marks]:
- Database Management Systems (DBMS) are software applications designed
for managing, storing, and retrieving data efficiently, while operating systems
(OS) are software that manages hardware resources and provides a platform
for running applications.
- DBMS focus on data manipulation, organization, and retrieval, whereas OS
manage system resources like CPU, memory, and peripherals to support
overall system operation.
- Both DBMS and OS handle concurrent access to resources but in different
contexts: DBMS ensures data consistency and integrity, while OS manages
process and memory allocation.
- DBMS interact with data through queries and transactions, while OS
interacts with hardware devices through drivers and system calls.
- DBMS and OS work together within a computing environment to enable
applications to store, access, and process data effectively and efficiently.

Conversion:
- Octal to Hexadecimal: To convert octal to hexadecimal, first convert octal
number to binary, then group binary digits into sets of four (starting from
right), and convert each group to its corresponding hexadecimal digit.
- Hexadecimal to Octal: Convert hexadecimal to binary, then group binary
digits into sets of three (starting from right), and convert each group to its
corresponding octal digit.
- Octal to Binary: Each octal digit represents 3 bits in binary, so convert each
octal digit to its 3-bit binary equivalent.

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