A-level Maths Year 2: Problem Set 17

SKILL: Hypothesis testing on the PMCC

A population of students each took two different tests. A sample of 40 students was taken from the population
and their scores on the two tests were recorded. A product moment correlation coefficient of 0.3275 was
calculated. Test whether or not this shows evidence of correlation between the test scores:
(a) at the 5% level
(b) at the 2% level.

RECENT WORK

1. A see-saw of length 4m, pivoted at its centre, rests in a horizontal position. John, who has mass
30kg, sits at one end. Where should his friend James, who has mass 40kg sit if the see-saw is to
remain in a horizontal position?

2. A colony of bats is increasing. The population, P, is modelled by 𝑃 = 𝑎 × 10𝑏𝑡 , where t is the time in years
after 2000.
(a) Show that, according to this model, the graph of log10 𝑃 against t should be a straight line of gradient
b. State, in terms of a, the intercept on the vertical axis.
(b) The table gives the data for the population from 2001 to 2005.

Complete a table for t and log10 𝑃 and plot log10 𝑃 against t. Draw a line of best fit for the data.
(c) Use your graph to find the equation for P in terms of t.
(d) Predict the population in 2008 according to this model.

MIXED PROBLEMS

1. By first using the substitution 𝑡 = √𝑥 + 1 , find:

∫ 𝑒 2√𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥

2. Show that
𝜋
4 1 − 2 sin2 𝑥 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ln 2
0 1 + 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 2
3. The diagram shows part of the curve 𝑦 = −3 + 2√𝑥 + 4. The point (5,3) lies on the curve.

(a) Use the trapezium rule, with 2 strips, to find an approximate value for the area of region A, giving
your answer correct to 3 significant figures.

(b) Use your answer to part a) to deduce an approximate value for the area of region B.

(c) By first writing the equation of the curve in the form x = f(y), use integration to show that the exact
14
area of region B is 3 .

4. A particle P moves along a straight line in such a way that at time t seconds its velocity v m s-1 is given by
1
𝑣 = 𝑡 2 − 3𝑡 + 4
2
Find
(a) the times when P is at rest,
(b) the total distance travelled by P between t = 0 and t = 4.

5. A jam producer claims that the mean weight of jam in a jar is 230 grams.
A random sample of 8 jars is selected and the weight of jam in each jar is determined. The results, in grams,
are
220 228 232 219 221 223 230 229
Assuming that the weight of jam in a jar is normally distributed, test, at the 5% level of significance, the jam
producer’s claim.

6. An educational expert suggests that they have found a least squares regression line which will predict a
student’s percentage score in A-level Maths (𝑆) based on the average number of hours a week that they
worked on maths outside of the class over the two years (𝑅).

𝑆 = 40.3 + 8.9𝑅

(a) Use this formula to predict a student’s percentage score if they revise:
(i) 2 hours a week
(ii) 4 hours a week
(iii) 10 hours a week
(b) What does the 40.3 represent in context?

(c) What does the 8.9 represent in context?

(d) Identify two limitations of this model.

7.

The diagram above shows a cylindrical water tank. The diameter of a circular cross-section of the tank is 6 m.
Water is flowing into the tank at a constant rate of 0.48𝜋 m3 min-1. At time t minutes, the depth of the water in
the tank is h metres. There is a tap at a point T at the bottom of the tank. When the tap is open, water leaves
the tank at a rate of 0.6𝜋 ℎ m3 min-1.
Show that t minutes after the tap has been opened
𝑑ℎ
75 = (4 − 5ℎ)
𝑑𝑡

8. The curve C has parametric equations

𝜋
𝑥 = 𝑎 sec 𝑡 , 𝑦 = 𝑏 tan 𝑡 , 0<𝑡< ,
2
where a and b are positive constants
𝑑𝑦 𝑏
(a) Prove that = cosec 𝑡.
𝑑𝑥 𝑎
𝜋
(b) Find the equation in the form 𝑦 = 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 of the tangent to C at the point where t = 4 .

4+2𝑥
9. (a) Find the first three terms in the binomial expansion of
(2𝑥−1)(𝑥 2 +1)

(b) For what range of values is the expansion valid?

10. Given the points 𝐴 (−2,3,5), 𝐵 (0,7,3), 𝐶 (3,8,8)

(a) Find 𝐷 such that 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 forms a parallelogram
(b) Prove that 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is in fact a rectangle
(c) 𝑋 is the centre of the rectangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷, find its coordinates.
11. Data on the relative humidity in Camborne in 1987 is systematically sampled from the Large Data Set as
follows:
5th May 86%
5th June 97%
5th July 69%
5th August 89%
5th September 97%
5th October 94%
(a) State, with a reason, whether or not this sample is random.
(b) Suggest two alternative sampling methods and give one advantage and one disadvantage for each.
(c) Calculate the mean of the six data values given above.
(d) Comment on the reliability of this value as an estimate for the mean relative humidity in Camborne
during 1987.

12. At time t seconds, the velocity of an object is given by 𝒗 = (4𝑡 2 − 5𝑡)𝐢 − (3𝑡 + 2)𝐣 𝑚𝑠 −1 , for when t = 3
calculate
(a) its speed
(b) its direction in relation to the x axis.
ANSWERS
SK:

R1: 1.5m from centre

R2: (a) logical steps log10 𝑃 = log10 𝑎 + log10 10𝑏𝑡 which is log10 𝑃 = 𝑏𝑡 + log10 𝑎 so gradient
(b) YEAR 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
t 1 2 3 4 5
log10 𝑃 3.90 3.94 4.00 4.05 4.11
(c) Gradient: any value between 0.04 and 0.06
Intercept: any value between 3.83 and 3.86
So 6760 ≤ 𝑎 ≤ 7245 and P = 7000 × 100.05𝑡
(d) 17000 to 18500

1
1. √𝑥 + 1 𝑒 2√𝑥+1 − 2
𝑒 2√𝑥+1 + 𝑐

2. proof
3. (a) 10.2 (b) 4.8 (c) Show that
1 3 3
4. (a) 𝑡 = 2, 𝑡 = 4 s (b) 6
𝑡 − 2 𝑡 2 + 4𝑡 (+𝐶) distance = 4 m

5. Reject 𝐻0 , as there is not sufficient evidence at the 5% to support the producer’s claim.
6. a. i. 58.1 ii. 75.9 iii. 129.3

b. the basic score without any revision

c. the increase in score from an hour of work outside of class

d. extrapolation could lead to scores above 100%, quality of work outside of class is not defined, relationship
between work done and score may not linear

7. Show that
𝑏√2 𝑥
8. y= 𝑎
- b (or equivalent)
1
9. (a) −4 − 10𝑥 − 16𝑥 2 (b) |𝑥| < 2

10. (a) 𝐷 (1,4,10) (b) Proof (c) 𝑋 (0.5,5.5,6.5)

11. Discussion video

12. (a) 23.7 𝑚𝑠 −1 (b) 27.6° x