* Principal Component Analysis and Factor Analysis in SAS;

* Copyright 2013 by Ani Katchova;

proc import out= work.data

datafile= "C:\Econometrics\Data\pca_gsp.csv"
dbms=csv replace; getnames=yes; datarow=2;
run;

%let xlist =Ag Mining Constr Manuf Manuf_nd Transp Comm Energy TradeW TradeR RE
Services Govt;

proc means data=data;

var &xlist;
run;

proc corr data=data;

var &xlist;
run;

* Principal component analysis (PCA);

proc princomp data=data;
var &xlist;
run;

* PCA with 3 components;

proc princomp data=data
n=3
out=data;
var &xlist;
run;

* Plotting principal components;

proc plot data=data;
plot prin2*prin1;
run;

* Factor analysis;
proc factor data=data
method=principal
priors=one
rotate=none
scree;
var &xlist;
* method=prinit priors=smc;
run;

* Factor analysis with 3 factors;

proc factor data=data
method=principal
priors=one
nfactors=3
rotate=none
fuzz=0.3
outstat=stats
plot nplot=2
out=data;
var &xlist;
run;

* Factor analysis with 3 factors and varimax rotation;

proc factor data=data
method=principal
priors=one
nfactors=3
rotate=varimax
fuzz=0.3;
var &xlist;
run;

proc plot data=data;

plot factor2*factor1;
run;
 The SAS System

The MEANS Procedure

Variable N Mean Std Dev Minimum Maximum

Ag 50 2.4800000 2.3945516 0.5000000 10.6000000

Mining 50 2.6240000 5.8087042 0 31.6000000
Constr 50 4.3380000 0.8994079 2.9000001 8.3999996
Manuf 50 9.7840000 4.7639102 0.8000000 21.4000000
Manuf_nd 50 7.6960000 3.9270366 1.7000000 16.7000010
Transp 50 3.4760000 1.6621304 1.5000000 12.1000000
Comm 50 2.3980000 0.8704889 1.3000000 5.6999998
Energy 50 3.1120000 1.1470708 1.0000000 7.5000000
TradeW 50 6.3480001 1.3082533 2.9000001 9.1000004
TradeR 50 9.0020000 1.1978705 6.0000000 11.5000000
RE 50 17.0900001 5.2209647 10.4000000 35.4000020
Services 50 18.7120001 3.7289621 9.6000004 32.2999990
Govt 50 12.9340000 2.7980029 9.0000000 21.2999990
 The SAS System

The CORR Procedure

13 Ag Mining Constr Manuf Manuf_nd Transp Comm Energy TradeW TradeR RE
Variables: Services Govt

Simple Statistics
Variable N Mean Std Dev Sum Minimum Maximum
Ag 50 2.48000 2.39455 124.00000 0.50000 10.60000
Mining 50 2.62400 5.80870 131.20000 0 31.60000
Constr 50 4.33800 0.89941 216.90000 2.90000 8.40000
Manuf 50 9.78400 4.76391 489.20000 0.80000 21.40000
Manuf_nd 50 7.69600 3.92704 384.80000 1.70000 16.70000
Transp 50 3.47600 1.66213 173.80000 1.50000 12.10000
Comm 50 2.39800 0.87049 119.90000 1.30000 5.70000
Energy 50 3.11200 1.14707 155.60000 1.00000 7.50000
TradeW 50 6.34800 1.30825 317.40000 2.90000 9.10000
TradeR 50 9.00200 1.19787 450.10000 6.00000 11.50000
RE 50 17.09000 5.22096 854.50000 10.40000 35.40000
Services 50 18.71200 3.72896 935.60000 9.60000 32.30000
Govt 50 12.93400 2.79800 646.70000 9.00000 21.30000

Pearson Correlation Coefficients, N = 50

Prob > |r| under H0: Rho=0
Ag Mini Cons Manu Manu Tran Comm Ener Trad Trad RE Serv Govt
ng tr f f_nd sp gy eW eR ices
Ag 1.0 - 0.0 0.0 - 0.2 - 0.0 0.2 0.0 - - 0.1
000 0.0 849 320 0.1 791 0.1 432 453 946 0.3 0.3 103
0 644 8 8 453 8 841 6 9 4 012 219 4
6 3 8 9 2
0.5 0.8 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.5 0.4
0.6 574 249 0.3 496 0.2 655 859 133 0.0 0.0 456
565 139 004 335 226

Min - 1.0 - - - 0.6 - 0.3 - - - - 0.2

ing 0.0 000 0.0 0.4 0.1 115 0.1 904 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 306
644 0 214 236 379 3 927 5 530 959 063 597 8
6 7 7 4 1 6 9 3 2
<.0 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.8 0.0 0.3 001 0.1 051 <.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 070
565 824 022 394 800 001 044 034 008

Con 0.0 - 1.0 - - 0.0 - 0.0 - 0.4 - 0.3 0.1

str 849 0.0 000 0.1 0.3 751 0.0 130 0.0 011 0.2 236 810
8 214 0 299 178 6 231 0 869 3 529 4 5
7 3 1 0 2 5
0.5 0.6 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.2
 Pearson Correlation Coefficients, N = 50
Prob > |r| under H0: Rho=0
Ag Mini Cons Manu Manu Tran Comm Ener Trad Trad RE Serv Govt
ng tr f f_nd sp gy eW eR ices

574 0.8 0.3 0.0 039 0.8 286 0.5 039 0.0 219 083
824 685 245 735 484 763

Man 0.0 - - 1.0 0.2 - - - 0.2 0.1 - - -

uf 320 0.4 0.1 000 037 0.3 0.3 0.0 707 946 0.1 0.1 0.4
8 236 299 0 3 569 173 508 3 3 820 590 105
7 3 4 8 3 6 4 1
0.8 0.1 0.0 0.1
249 0.0 0.3 559 0.0 0.0 0.7 572 756 0.2 0.2 0.0
022 685 109 247 259 057 699 031

Man - - - 0.2 1.0 - - 0.0 0.0 - - - -

uf_ 0.1 0.1 0.3 037 000 0.1 0.0 709 390 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2
nd 453 379 178 3 0 764 998 1 1 208 333 577 370
3 4 1 2 8 2 3 1 8
0.1 0.6 0.7
0.3 0.3 0.0 559 0.2 0.4 246 880 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0
139 394 245 204 901 033 560 008 974

Tra 0.2 0.6 0.0 - - 1.0 - - - - - - 0.4

nsp 791 115 751 0.3 0.1 000 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.4 275
8 3 6 569 764 0 491 557 135 477 034 216 1
4 2 2 2 4 8 9 8
0.0 <.0 0.6 0.0
496 001 039 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 020
109 204 348 007 365 057 002 023

Com - - - - - - 1.0 - 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1

m 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 000 0.1 301 246 197 091 933
841 927 231 173 998 491 0 685 8 8 1 5 3
8 1 0 8 8 2 9
0.0 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.4 0.7 0.2 192 883 076 289 786
004 800 735 247 901 348 418

Ene 0.0 0.3 0.0 - 0.0 - - 1.0 - 0.0 - - 0.0

rgy 432 904 130 0.0 709 0.0 0.1 000 0.2 295 0.3 0.3 454
6 5 0 508 1 557 685 0 670 4 788 138 0
3 2 9 8 5 3
0.7 0.0 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.7
655 051 286 0.7 246 0.7 0.2 0.0 386 0.0 0.0 542
259 007 418 608 067 265

Tra 0.2 - - 0.2 0.0 - 0.3 - 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 -

deW 453 0.5 0.0 707 390 0.2 301 0.2 000 663 405 390 0.3
9 530 869 3 1 135 8 670 0 7 0 8 428
6 2 4 8 3
0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.0
859 <.0 0.5 572 880 0.1 192 0.0 482 801 945 0.0
001 484 365 608 148

Tra 0.0 - 0.4 0.1 - - 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.0 - 0.2 0.2
deR 946 0.3 011 946 0.1 0.1 246 295 663 000 0.3 021 865
4 959 3 3 208 477 8 4 7 0 086 7 9
 Pearson Correlation Coefficients, N = 50
Prob > |r| under H0: Rho=0
Ag Mini Cons Manu Manu Tran Comm Ener Trad Trad RE Serv Govt
ng tr f f_nd sp gy eW eR ices

0.5 9 0.0 0.1 2 8 0.3 0.8 0.2 3 0.1 0.0

133 039 756 883 386 482 591 436
0.0 0.4 0.3 0.0
044 033 057 292

RE - - - - - - 0.1 - 0.0 - 1.0 0.5 -

0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.5 197 0.3 405 0.3 000 192 0.3
012 063 529 820 333 034 1 788 0 086 0 9 506
9 3 5 6 3 9 5 3 4
0.4 0.7 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 076 0.0 801 0.0 001 0.0
335 034 763 057 560 002 067 292 125

Ser - - 0.3 - - - 0.3 - 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.0 -

vic 0.3 0.4 236 0.1 0.4 0.4 091 0.3 390 021 192 000 0.1
es 219 597 4 590 577 216 5 138 8 7 9 0 795
2 2 4 1 8 3 6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
0.0 0.0 219 0.2 0.0 0.0 289 0.0 945 591 001 0.2
226 008 699 008 023 265 121

Gov 0.1 0.2 0.1 - - 0.4 0.1 0.0 - 0.2 - - 1.0

t 103 306 810 0.4 0.2 275 933 454 0.3 865 0.3 0.1 000
4 8 5 105 370 1 3 0 428 9 506 795 0
1 8 3 4 6
0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.0
456 070 083 0.0 0.0 020 786 542 0.0 436 0.0 0.2
031 974 148 125 121
 The SAS System

The PRINCOMP Procedure

Observations 50
Variables 13

Simple Statistics
Ag Minin Const Manuf Manuf Trans Comm Energ Trade Trade RE Servi Govt
g r _nd p y W R ces
M 2.479 2.624 4.338 9.784 7.695 3.476 2.397 3.111 6.348 9.001 17.09 18.71 12.93
e 99998 00000 00000 00001 99999 00002 99999 99998 00005 99996 00000 20000 39999
a 5 2 2 6 8 0 2 8 6 8 6 9 9
n
S 2.394 5.808 0.899 4.763 3.927 1.662 0.870 1.147 1.308 1.197 5.220 3.728 2.798
t 55160 70423 40793 91024 03661 13044 48893 07079 25327 87051 96470 96214 00290
D 2 6 6 3 7 6 4 8 3 3

Correlation Matrix
Ag Mini Cons Manu Manuf_ Tran Comm Ener Trad Trad RE Servic Govt
ng tr f nd sp gy eW eR es
Ag 1.00 - 0.08 0.03 -.1453 0.27 - 0.04 0.24 0.09 - -.3219 0.11
00 .064 50 21 92 .184 33 54 46 .301 03
5 2 3
Mining - 1.00 - - -.1379 0.61 - 0.39 - - - -.4597 0.23
.064 00 .021 .423 15 .192 04 .553 .396 .406 07
5 5 7 7 1 0 3
Constr 0.08 - 1.00 - -.3178 0.07 - 0.01 - 0.40 - 0.3236 0.18
50 .021 00 .129 52 .023 30 .086 11 .252 10
5 9 1 9 9
Manuf 0.03 - - 1.00 0.2037 - - - 0.27 0.19 - -.1590 -
21 .423 .129 00 .356 .317 .050 07 46 .182 .410
7 9 9 4 8 1 5
Manuf_ - - - 0.20 1.0000 - - 0.07 0.03 - - -.4577 -
nd .145 .137 .317 37 .176 .099 09 90 .120 .133 .237
3 9 8 4 9 8 3 1
Transp 0.27 0.61 0.07 - -.1764 1.00 - - - - - -.4217 0.42
92 15 52 .356 00 .049 .055 .213 .147 .503 75
9 1 7 5 8 5
Comm - - - - -.0999 - 1.00 - 0.33 0.12 0.11 0.3091 0.19
.184 .192 .023 .317 .049 00 .168 02 47 97 33
2 7 1 4 1 6
Energy 0.04 0.39 0.01 - 0.0709 - - 1.00 - 0.02 - -.3138 0.04
33 04 30 .050 .055 .168 00 .267 95 .378 54
8 7 6 1 8
TradeW 0.24 - - 0.27 0.0390 - 0.33 - 1.00 0.16 0.04 0.2391 -
54 .553 .086 07 .213 02 .267 00 64 05 .342
1 9 5 1 8
TradeR 0.09 - 0.40 0.19 -.1208 - 0.12 0.02 0.16 1.00 - 0.2022 0.28
 Correlation Matrix
Ag Mini Cons Manu Manuf_ Tran Comm Ener Trad Trad RE Servic Govt
ng tr f nd sp gy eW eR es
46 .396 11 46 .147 47 95 64 00 .308 66
0 8 6
RE - - - - -.1333 - 0.11 - 0.04 - 1.00 0.5193 -
.301 .406 .252 .182 .503 97 .378 05 .308 00 .350
3 3 9 1 5 8 6 6
Servic - - 0.32 - -.4577 - 0.30 - 0.23 0.20 0.51 1.0000 -
es .321 .459 36 .159 .421 91 .313 91 22 93 .179
9 7 0 7 8 6
Govt 0.11 0.23 0.18 - -.2371 0.42 0.19 0.04 - 0.28 - -.1796 1.00
03 07 10 .410 75 33 54 .342 66 .350 00
5 8 6

Eigenvalues of the Correlation Matrix

Eigenvalue Difference Proportion Cumulative
1 3.23551072 0.99905002 0.2489 0.2489
2 2.23646070 0.27662317 0.1720 0.4209
3 1.95983753 0.59948785 0.1508 0.5717
4 1.36034968 0.20292819 0.1046 0.6763
5 1.15742148 0.28908717 0.0890 0.7654
6 0.86833432 0.14384874 0.0668 0.8321
7 0.72448558 0.10870630 0.0557 0.8879
8 0.61577928 0.29754194 0.0474 0.9352
9 0.31823734 0.08288407 0.0245 0.9597
10 0.23535327 0.08369103 0.0181 0.9778
11 0.15166224 0.01516293 0.0117 0.9895
12 0.13649931 0.13643075 0.0105 1.0000
13 0.00006856 0.0000 1.0000

Eigenvectors
Prin Prin Prin Prin Prin Prin Prin Prin Prin Prin Prin Prin Prin
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Ag 0.13 - 0.38 0.37 - 0.24 - 0.27 0.15 0.21 0.08 - 0.20
4820 .007 5007 3135 .410 4712 .432 7190 2328 7285 1940 .286 5928
463 926 801 138
Mini 0.46 - - - - 0.16 0.27 - - 0.11 - - 0.50
ng 9700 .001 .259 .065 .063 4200 6177 .148 .097 6218 .475 .281 0253
482 702 351 910 005 683 009 964
Cons 0.03 0.39 0.25 - - - 0.36 0.49 0.37 - - 0.25 0.07
tr 5287 3454 7190 .349 .196 .032 9616 8589 0962 .039 .140 6235 7411
857 051 757 891 834
 Eigenvectors
Prin Prin Prin Prin Prin Prin Prin Prin Prin Prin Prin Prin Prin
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Manu - - 0.37 - - - 0.15 - 0.38 0.01 0.13 0.06 0.40
f .183 .375 5393 .146 .111 .197 0642 .500 7163 6424 7973 5765 6090
356 743 831 228 552 192
Manu - - 0.03 0.04 0.46 - 0.10 0.59 - - 0.14 - 0.33
f_nd .009 .458 5692 5498 5268 .216 1650 2078 .101 .043 2008 .122 8170
706 832 791 517 689 201
Tran 0.41 0.14 0.00 0.36 - - 0.30 - - 0.10 0.50 0.40 0.14
sp 8473 6961 6358 5115 .142 .169 1547 .066 .264 7547 7323 7422 4452
587 354 857 043
Comm - 0.31 - 0.34 0.54 0.26 0.14 - 0.43 0.38 0.07 - 0.07
.151 5785 .082 3013 9849 6855 4921 .100 5698 2908 5832 .023 3507
903 061 521 592
Ener 0.24 - 0.06 - 0.20 0.68 - - - - 0.28 0.28 0.09
gy 6936 .137 8869 .416 1798 9007 .198 .027 .038 .116 2276 6368 9056
977 093 539 634 658 108
Trad - - 0.29 0.44 0.00 0.35 0.25 - - - - 0.20 0.11
eW .315 .028 0139 1910 9907 2726 4389 .021 .252 .454 .322 9653 1742
267 306 004 535 648 105
Trad - 0.26 0.50 - 0.25 - - - - 0.43 - 0.05 0.10
eR .090 1047 7233 .227 2262 .142 .145 .100 .515 2405 .181 3980 6263
136 277 824 559 412 304 018
RE - 0.03 - 0.01 - - - 0.10 - 0.16 - 0.49 0.45
.363 0264 .446 2208 .173 .052 .358 5844 .023 9480 .126 6444 0676
072 613 118 279 921 993 714
Serv - 0.38 - - - 0.10 0.13 - - - 0.45 - 0.32
ices .379 3916 .127 .182 .125 0644 3354 .015 .221 .203 8185 .459 0331
879 475 733 468 278 838 547 980
Govt 0.28 0.36 0.08 0.07 0.29 - - - 0.17 - - 0.01 0.23
8838 8534 5371 6742 4854 .306 .427 .120 1157 .547 .057 5659 7697
195 678 928 733 443
 The SAS System

The PRINCOMP Procedure

Observations 50
Variables 13

Simple Statistics
Ag Minin Const Manuf Manuf Trans Comm Energ Trade Trade RE Servi Govt
g r _nd p y W R ces
M 2.479 2.624 4.338 9.784 7.695 3.476 2.397 3.111 6.348 9.001 17.09 18.71 12.93
e 99998 00000 00000 00001 99999 00002 99999 99998 00005 99996 00000 20000 39999
a 5 2 2 6 8 0 2 8 6 8 6 9 9
n
S 2.394 5.808 0.899 4.763 3.927 1.662 0.870 1.147 1.308 1.197 5.220 3.728 2.798
t 55160 70423 40793 91024 03661 13044 48893 07079 25327 87051 96470 96214 00290
D 2 6 6 3 7 6 4 8 3 3

Correlation Matrix
Ag Mini Cons Manu Manuf_ Tran Comm Ener Trad Trad RE Servic Govt
ng tr f nd sp gy eW eR es
Ag 1.00 - 0.08 0.03 -.1453 0.27 - 0.04 0.24 0.09 - -.3219 0.11
00 .064 50 21 92 .184 33 54 46 .301 03
5 2 3
Mining - 1.00 - - -.1379 0.61 - 0.39 - - - -.4597 0.23
.064 00 .021 .423 15 .192 04 .553 .396 .406 07
5 5 7 7 1 0 3
Constr 0.08 - 1.00 - -.3178 0.07 - 0.01 - 0.40 - 0.3236 0.18
50 .021 00 .129 52 .023 30 .086 11 .252 10
5 9 1 9 9
Manuf 0.03 - - 1.00 0.2037 - - - 0.27 0.19 - -.1590 -
21 .423 .129 00 .356 .317 .050 07 46 .182 .410
7 9 9 4 8 1 5
Manuf_ - - - 0.20 1.0000 - - 0.07 0.03 - - -.4577 -
nd .145 .137 .317 37 .176 .099 09 90 .120 .133 .237
3 9 8 4 9 8 3 1
Transp 0.27 0.61 0.07 - -.1764 1.00 - - - - - -.4217 0.42
92 15 52 .356 00 .049 .055 .213 .147 .503 75
9 1 7 5 8 5
Comm - - - - -.0999 - 1.00 - 0.33 0.12 0.11 0.3091 0.19
.184 .192 .023 .317 .049 00 .168 02 47 97 33
2 7 1 4 1 6
Energy 0.04 0.39 0.01 - 0.0709 - - 1.00 - 0.02 - -.3138 0.04
33 04 30 .050 .055 .168 00 .267 95 .378 54
8 7 6 1 8
TradeW 0.24 - - 0.27 0.0390 - 0.33 - 1.00 0.16 0.04 0.2391 -
54 .553 .086 07 .213 02 .267 00 64 05 .342
1 9 5 1 8
TradeR 0.09 - 0.40 0.19 -.1208 - 0.12 0.02 0.16 1.00 - 0.2022 0.28
 Correlation Matrix
Ag Mini Cons Manu Manuf_ Tran Comm Ener Trad Trad RE Servic Govt
ng tr f nd sp gy eW eR es
46 .396 11 46 .147 47 95 64 00 .308 66
0 8 6
RE - - - - -.1333 - 0.11 - 0.04 - 1.00 0.5193 -
.301 .406 .252 .182 .503 97 .378 05 .308 00 .350
3 3 9 1 5 8 6 6
Servic - - 0.32 - -.4577 - 0.30 - 0.23 0.20 0.51 1.0000 -
es .321 .459 36 .159 .421 91 .313 91 22 93 .179
9 7 0 7 8 6
Govt 0.11 0.23 0.18 - -.2371 0.42 0.19 0.04 - 0.28 - -.1796 1.00
03 07 10 .410 75 33 54 .342 66 .350 00
5 8 6

Eigenvalues of the Correlation Matrix

Eigenvalue Difference Proportion Cumulative
1 3.23551072 0.99905002 0.2489 0.2489
2 2.23646070 0.27662317 0.1720 0.4209
3 1.95983753 0.1508 0.5717

Eigenvectors
Prin1 Prin2 Prin3
Ag 0.134820 -.007463 0.385007
Mining 0.469700 -.001482 -.259702
Constr 0.035287 0.393454 0.257190
Manuf -.183356 -.375743 0.375393
Manuf_nd -.009706 -.458832 0.035692
Transp 0.418473 0.146961 0.006358
Comm -.151903 0.315785 -.082061
Energy 0.246936 -.137977 0.068869
TradeW -.315267 -.028306 0.290139
TradeR -.090136 0.261047 0.507233
RE -.363072 0.030264 -.446613
Services -.379879 0.383916 -.127475
Govt 0.288838 0.368534 0.085371
 The SAS System

Plot of Prin2*Prin1. Legend: A = 1 obs, B = 2 obs, etc.

Prin2 ‚
‚
4 ˆ A
‚ A
‚
‚
‚
‚
3 ˆ
‚ A
‚
‚
‚ A
‚ A
2 ˆ
‚
‚ A
‚ A A A A
‚ A
‚ A
1 ˆ
‚
‚
‚ A A
‚ A A A
‚ B A A AA
0 ˆ A AA A
‚ A
‚ A
‚ A A
‚ A A
‚ A A A A
-1 ˆ A
‚ A A
‚
‚ A
‚ A A A B
‚ A A
-2 ˆ
‚ A
‚
‚
‚
‚
-3 ˆ A
‚

Šƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒ
-4 -2 0 2 4 6
8

Prin1
 The SAS System

The FACTOR Procedure

Input Data Type Raw Data
Number of Records Read 50
Number of Records Used 50
N for Significance Tests 50
 The SAS System

The FACTOR Procedure

Initial Factor Method: Principal Components

Prior Communality Estimates: ONE

Eigenvalues of the Correlation Matrix: Total
= 13 Average = 1
Eigenvalue Difference Proportion Cumulative
1 3.23551072 0.99905002 0.2489 0.2489
2 2.23646070 0.27662317 0.1720 0.4209
3 1.95983753 0.59948785 0.1508 0.5717
4 1.36034968 0.20292819 0.1046 0.6763
5 1.15742148 0.28908717 0.0890 0.7654
6 0.86833432 0.14384874 0.0668 0.8321
7 0.72448558 0.10870630 0.0557 0.8879
8 0.61577928 0.29754194 0.0474 0.9352
9 0.31823734 0.08288407 0.0245 0.9597
10 0.23535327 0.08369103 0.0181 0.9778
11 0.15166224 0.01516293 0.0117 0.9895
12 0.13649931 0.13643075 0.0105 1.0000
13 0.00006856 0.0000 1.0000

5 factors will be retained by the MINEIGEN criterion.

Scree Plot of Eigenvalues
‚
‚
‚
3.5 ˆ
‚
‚
‚ 1
‚
‚
3.0 ˆ
‚
‚
‚
‚
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2.5 ˆ
‚
‚
E ‚ 2
i ‚
g ‚
e 2.0 ˆ 3
n ‚
v ‚
a ‚
l ‚
u ‚
e 1.5 ˆ
s ‚
‚ 4
‚
‚ 5
‚
1.0 ˆ
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‚ 6
‚ 7
‚
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0.5 ˆ
‚
‚ 9
‚ 0
‚ 1
2
‚
0.0 ˆ
3
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‚

Šˆƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒˆ
ƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒ
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13

Number

Factor Pattern
Factor1 Factor2 Factor3 Factor4 Factor5
Ag 0.24251 -0.01116 0.53899 0.43520 -0.44209
Mining 0.84487 -0.00222 -0.36357 -0.07622 -0.06876
Constr 0.06347 0.58840 0.36005 -0.40805 -0.21092
Manuf -0.32981 -0.56192 0.52553 -0.17125 -0.11966
Manuf_nd -0.01746 -0.68617 0.04997 0.05307 0.50055
Transp 0.75273 0.21978 0.00890 0.42585 -0.15340
Comm -0.27324 0.47225 -0.11488 0.40007 0.59155
Energy 0.44418 -0.20634 0.09641 -0.48531 0.21710
TradeW -0.56709 -0.04233 0.40618 0.51542 0.01066
TradeR -0.16213 0.39039 0.71010 -0.26508 0.27139
RE -0.65308 0.04526 -0.62523 0.01424 -0.18625
Services -0.68331 0.57414 -0.17846 -0.21313 -0.13498
 Factor Pattern
Factor1 Factor2 Factor3 Factor4 Factor5
Govt 0.51955 0.55114 0.11951 0.08951 0.31721

Variance Explained by Each Factor

Factor1 Factor2 Factor3 Factor4 Factor5
3.2355107 2.2364607 1.9598375 1.3603497 1.1574215

Final Communality Estimates: Total = 9.949580

Ag Minin Const Manuf Manuf Trans Comm Energ Trade Trade RE Servi Govt
g r _nd p y W R ces
0.734 0.856 0.690 0.744 0.727 0.819 0.820 0.531 0.754 0.826 0.854 0.892 0.696
28635 53514 87667 35375 00477 86224 85927 81940 12993 85137 36325 03799 59999
 The SAS System

The FACTOR Procedure

Input Data Type Raw Data
Number of Records Read 50
Number of Records Used 50
N for Significance Tests 50
 The SAS System

The FACTOR Procedure

Initial Factor Method: Principal Components

Prior Communality Estimates: ONE

Eigenvalues of the Correlation Matrix: Total
= 13 Average = 1
Eigenvalue Difference Proportion Cumulative
1 3.23551072 0.99905002 0.2489 0.2489
2 2.23646070 0.27662317 0.1720 0.4209
3 1.95983753 0.59948785 0.1508 0.5717
4 1.36034968 0.20292819 0.1046 0.6763
5 1.15742148 0.28908717 0.0890 0.7654
6 0.86833432 0.14384874 0.0668 0.8321
7 0.72448558 0.10870630 0.0557 0.8879
8 0.61577928 0.29754194 0.0474 0.9352
9 0.31823734 0.08288407 0.0245 0.9597
10 0.23535327 0.08369103 0.0181 0.9778
11 0.15166224 0.01516293 0.0117 0.9895
12 0.13649931 0.13643075 0.0105 1.0000
13 0.00006856 0.0000 1.0000

3 factors will be retained by the NFACTOR criterion.

Factor Pattern
Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
Ag . . 0.53899
Mining 0.84487 . -0.36357
Constr . 0.58840 0.36005
Manuf -0.32981 -0.56192 0.52553
Manuf_nd . -0.68617 .
Transp 0.75273 . .
Comm . 0.47225 .
Energy 0.44418 . .
TradeW -0.56709 . 0.40618
TradeR . 0.39039 0.71010
RE -0.65308 . -0.62523
 Factor Pattern
Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
Services -0.68331 0.57414 .
Govt 0.51955 0.55114 .
Values less than 0.3 are not printed.

Variance Explained by Each Factor

Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
3.2355107 2.2364607 1.9598375

Final Communality Estimates: Total = 7.431809

Ag Minin Const Manuf Manuf Trans Comm Energ Trade Trade RE Servi Govt
g r _nd p y W R ces
0.349 0.845 0.479 0.700 0.473 0.614 0.310 0.249 0.488 0.682 0.819 0.828 0.587
44241 99797 88297 70634 63625 98338 87556 16444 36087 92867 47279 39371 96360
 The SAS System

The FACTOR Procedure

Initial Factor Method: Principal Components

Scoring Coefficients Estimated by Regression

Squared Multiple Correlations of the
Variables with Each Factor
Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000

Standardized Scoring Coefficients

Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
Ag 0.07495 -0.00499 0.27502
Mining 0.26113 -0.00099 -0.18551
Constr 0.01962 0.26310 0.18371
Manuf -0.10194 -0.25125 0.26815
Manuf_nd -0.00540 -0.30681 0.02550
Transp 0.23265 0.09827 0.00454
Comm -0.08445 0.21116 -0.05862
Energy 0.13728 -0.09226 0.04919
TradeW -0.17527 -0.01893 0.20725
TradeR -0.05011 0.17456 0.36232
RE -0.20185 0.02024 -0.31902
Services -0.21119 0.25672 -0.09106
Govt 0.16058 0.24643 0.06098
 The SAS System

The FACTOR Procedure

Initial Factor Method: Principal Components
Plot of Factor Pattern for Factor1 and Factor2

Factor1
1

.9
B
.8
F
.7

.6

.5 M
H
.4

.3
A
.2
F
.1 a
C c
-1 -.9-.8-.E-.6-.5-.4-.3-.2-.1 0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0t
o
-.1 r
J 2
-.2
G
-.3
D
-.4

-.5
I
-.6
K
-.7 L

-.8

-.9

-1

Ag=A Mining=B Constr=C Manuf=D Manuf_nd=E Transp=F

Comm=G
Energy=H TradeW=I TradeR=J RE=K Services=L Govt=M
 The SAS System

The FACTOR Procedure

Input Data Type Raw Data
Number of Records Read 50
Number of Records Used 50
N for Significance Tests 50
 The SAS System

The FACTOR Procedure

Initial Factor Method: Principal Components

Prior Communality Estimates: ONE

Eigenvalues of the Correlation Matrix: Total
= 13 Average = 1
Eigenvalue Difference Proportion Cumulative
1 3.23551072 0.99905002 0.2489 0.2489
2 2.23646070 0.27662317 0.1720 0.4209
3 1.95983753 0.59948785 0.1508 0.5717
4 1.36034968 0.20292819 0.1046 0.6763
5 1.15742148 0.28908717 0.0890 0.7654
6 0.86833432 0.14384874 0.0668 0.8321
7 0.72448558 0.10870630 0.0557 0.8879
8 0.61577928 0.29754194 0.0474 0.9352
9 0.31823734 0.08288407 0.0245 0.9597
10 0.23535327 0.08369103 0.0181 0.9778
11 0.15166224 0.01516293 0.0117 0.9895
12 0.13649931 0.13643075 0.0105 1.0000
13 0.00006856 0.0000 1.0000

3 factors will be retained by the NFACTOR criterion.

Factor Pattern
Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
Ag . . 0.53899
Mining 0.84487 . -0.36357
Constr . 0.58840 0.36005
Manuf -0.32981 -0.56192 0.52553
Manuf_nd . -0.68617 .
Transp 0.75273 . .
Comm . 0.47225 .
Energy 0.44418 . .
TradeW -0.56709 . 0.40618
TradeR . 0.39039 0.71010
RE -0.65308 . -0.62523
 Factor Pattern
Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
Services -0.68331 0.57414 .
Govt 0.51955 0.55114 .
Values less than 0.3 are not printed.

Variance Explained by Each Factor

Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
3.2355107 2.2364607 1.9598375

Final Communality Estimates: Total = 7.431809

Ag Minin Const Manuf Manuf Trans Comm Energ Trade Trade RE Servi Govt
g r _nd p y W R ces
0.349 0.845 0.479 0.700 0.473 0.614 0.310 0.249 0.488 0.682 0.819 0.828 0.587
44241 99797 88297 70634 63625 98338 87556 16444 36087 92867 47279 39371 96360
 The SAS System

The FACTOR Procedure

Rotation Method: Varimax
Orthogonal Transformation Matrix
1 2 3
1 0.81931 -0.52219 0.23675
2 0.35605 0.78705 0.50378
3 -0.44940 -0.32845 0.83076

Rotated Factor Pattern

Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
Ag . -0.31245 0.49956
Mining 0.85481 -0.32351 .
Constr . 0.31169 0.61057
Manuf -0.70646 -0.44264 .
Manuf_nd . -0.54735 -0.30830
Transp 0.69097 . .
Comm . 0.55210 .
Energy . -0.42601 .
TradeW -0.66223 . .
TradeR -0.31296 . 0.74820
RE . 0.58201 -0.65123
Services . 0.86730 .
Govt 0.56819 . 0.49994
Values less than 0.3 are not printed.

Variance Explained by Each Factor

Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
2.8512277 2.4790361 2.1015451

Final Communality Estimates: Total = 7.431809

Ag Minin Const Manuf Manuf Trans Comm Energ Trade Trade RE Servi Govt
g r _nd p y W R ces
0.349 0.845 0.479 0.700 0.473 0.614 0.310 0.249 0.488 0.682 0.819 0.828 0.587
44241 99797 88297 70634 63625 98338 87556 16444 36087 92867 47279 39371 96360
 The SAS System

Plot of Factor2*Factor1. Legend: A = 1 obs, B = 2 obs, etc.

Factor2 ‚
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3 ˆ
‚
‚ A
‚ A
‚
‚
‚
2 ˆ
‚ A
‚
‚ A
‚ A
‚
‚ A
1 ˆ A A A
A
‚ A
‚ A
‚
‚
‚ A A
‚ A A AA A A AA
0 ˆ A A AA A
‚ A A
‚ A A
‚ A A
‚ A A A A
‚ A
‚ A
A
-1 ˆ A
‚ A A A A AA
‚ A
‚ A
‚
‚
‚
-2 ˆ A
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-2 -1 0 1 2 3
4

Factor1