Course notes

Prepared by

M. Arslan Sarwar

Code: PF-C3

Contents: Solved and unsolved programming problems for practice of Arrays

Note: These Handouts are not replacement of your course book, rather you are advised to
read them in parallel to the book.

1- program in C to store elements in an

array and print it
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int arr[10];
int i;
printf("Input 10 elements in the array :\n");
for(i=0; i<10; i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}

printf("\nElements in array are: ");

for(i=0; i<10; i++)
{
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}

Output:
Input 10 elements in the array :
element - 0 : 1
element - 1 : 1

2
element - 2 : 2
element - 3 : 3
element - 4 : 4
element - 5 : 5
element - 6 : 6
element - 7 : 7
element - 8 : 8
element - 9 : 9

Elements in array are: 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

3
 2- Write a program in C to read n
number of values in an array and
display it in reverse order
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i,n,a[100];
printf("Input the number of elements to store in the array :");
scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Input %d number of elements in the array :\n",n);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}

printf("\nThe values store into the array are : \n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("% 5d",a[i]);
}

printf("\n\nThe values store into the array in reverse are :\n");

for(i=n-1;i>=0;i--)
{
printf("% 5d",a[i]);
}

4
 printf("\n\n");
}

Output
Input the number of elements to store in the array :3
Input 3 number of elements in the array :
element - 0 : 2
element - 1 : 5
element - 2 : 7

The values store into the array are :

2 5 7

The values store into the array in reverse are :

7 5 2

5
 3- Write a program in C to find the sum
of all elements of the array
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a[100];
int i, n, sum=0;
printf("Input the number of elements to store in array :");
scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}

for(i=0; i<n; i++)

{
sum += a[i];
}

printf("Sum of all elements stored in the array is : %d\n\n",

sum);
}

Output
Input the number of elements to store in array :3
Input 3 elements in the array :
element - 0 : 2

6
element - 1 : 5
element - 2 : 8
Sum of all elements stored in the array is : 15

4- Write a program in C to
copy the elements of one
array into another array
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int arr1[100], arr2[100];
int i, n;
printf("Input the number of elements to be stored in the
array :");
scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i]);
}
/* Copy elements of first array into second array.*/
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
arr2[i] = arr1[i];
}
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 /* Prints the elements of first array */
printf("\nThe elements stored in the first array are :\n");
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
printf("% 5d", arr1[i]);
}

/* Prints the elements copied into the second array. */

printf("\n\nThe elements copied into the second array are :\n");
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
printf("% 5d", arr2[i]);
}
printf("\n\n");
}

Output
Input the number of elements to be stored in the array :3
Input 3 elements in the array :
element - 0 : 15
element - 1 : 10
element - 2 : 12

The elements stored in the first array are :

15 10 12

The elements copied into the second array are :

15 10 12

8
 5- Write a program in C to count a
total number of duplicate elements
in an array
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[100];
int i, n, duplicates=0;
printf("Input the number of elements to store in array :");
scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}

for(i=0; i<n; i++)

{
for(int j=0; j<n; j++)
{
if(a[i]==a[j] && i!=j)
{
duplicates++;
break; //only inner loop will break
}
}

9
 }

printf("Number of duplicates in the array are : %d\n\n",

duplicates);
}
Output
Input the number of elements to be stored in the array :3
Input 3 elements in the array :
element - 0 : 5
element - 1 : 1
element - 2 : 1

Number of duplicates in the array are : 2

10
 6- Write a program in C to count and
print all unique elements in an array
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[100];
int i, n, uniques=0, isUnique;
printf("Input the number of elements to store in array :");
scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
printf("\nHere are unique elements of array: ");
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
isUnique=1;
for(int j=0; j<n; j++)
{
if(a[i]==a[j] && i!=j)
{
isUnique = 0;
break; //only inner loop will break
}
}
if(isUnique==1){

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 printf("%5d", a[i]);
uniques++;
}
}

printf("\nNumber of unique elements in the array are : %d\n\n",

uniques);
}

Output 1
Input the number of elements to store in array :5
Input 5 elements in the array :
element - 0 : 1
element - 1 : 2
element - 2 : 3
element - 3 : 4
element - 4 : 1

Here are unique elements of array: 2 3 4

Number of unique elements in the array are : 3

12
 7- Find the maximum and minimum
element in an array
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int arr1[100];
int i, mx, mn, n;
printf("Input array size:");
scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i]);
}

mx = arr1[0];
mn = arr1[0];

for(i=1; i<n; i++)

{
if(arr1[i]>mx)
{
mx = arr1[i];
}

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 if(arr1[i]<mn)
{
mn = arr1[i];
}
}
printf("Maximum element is : %d\n", mx);
printf("Minimum element is : %d\n\n", mn);
}

Output 1
Input array size :3
Input 3 elements in the array :
element - 0 : 45
element - 1 : 25
element - 2 : 21
Maximum element is : 45
Minimum element is : 21

8- Separate odd and even integers in

separate arrays
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int arr1[10], even[10], odd[10];
int i,j=0,k=0,n;
printf("Input array size :");
scanf("%d",&n);

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 printf("Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i]);
}

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if (arr1[i]%2 == 0)
{
even[j] = arr1[i];
j++;
}
else
{
odd[k] = arr1[i];
k++;
}
}

printf("\nThe Even elements are : \n");

for(i=0;i<j;i++)
{
printf("%d ",even[i]);
}

printf("\nThe Odd elements are :\n");

for(i=0;i<k;i++)

15
 {
printf("%d ", odd[i]);
}
printf("\n\n");
}

Output
Input array size :5
Input 5 elements in the array :
element - 0 : 25
element - 1 : 47
element - 2 : 42
element - 3 : 56
element - 4 : 32

The Even elements are :

42 56 32
The Odd elements are :
25 47

9- Insert New value in the array at

given position
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int arr1[100],i,n,p,x;
printf("Input the size of array : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
16
 printf("Input %d elements in the array:\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i]);
}
printf("Input the value to be inserted : ");
scanf("%d",&x);
printf("Input the Position, where the value to be inserted :");
scanf("%d",&p);

printf("The current list of the array :\n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("% 5d",arr1[i]);
/* Move all data at right side of the array */
for(i=n;i>=p;i--)
arr1[i]= arr1[i-1];
/* insert value at given position */
arr1[p-1]=x;

printf("\n\nAfter Insert the element the new list is :\n");

for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
printf("% 5d",arr1[i]);
printf("\n\n");
}

Output
Input the size of array : 4
Input 4 elements in the array:

17
element - 0 : 1
element - 1 : 8
element - 2 : 7
element - 3 : 10
Input the value to be inserted : 5
Input the Position, where the value to be inserted :2
The current list of the array :
1 8 7 10

After Insert the element the new list is :

1 5 8 7 10

10- Read a 2D array of size 3x3 and print

the matrix
#include <stdio.h>

void main()
{
int arr1[3][3],i,j;

printf("Input elements in the matrix :\n");

for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("element - [%d][%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i][j]);

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 }
}

printf("\nThe matrix is : \n");

for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
printf("%d\t",arr1[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
Output:
Input elements in the matrix :
element - [0][0] : 1
element - [0][1] : 2
element - [0][2] : 3
element - [1][0] : 4
element - [1][1] : 5
element - [1][2] : 6
element - [2][0] : 7
element - [2][1] : 8
element - [2][2] : 9

The matrix is :

1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9

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 11- Addition of two Matrices
#include <stdio.h>

void main()
{
int arr1[5][5],brr1[5][5],crr1[5][5],i,j,n;

printf("Input the size of the square matrix (less than 6):

");
scanf("%d", &n);

/* Stored values into the array*/

printf("Input elements in the first matrix :\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
printf("element - [%d],[%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i][j]);
}
}

printf("Input elements in the second matrix :\n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
printf("element - [%d],[%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&brr1[i][j]);

20
 }
}
/* calculate the sum of the matrix */
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
crr1[i][j]=arr1[i][j]+brr1[i][j];
printf("\nThe Addition of two matrix is : \n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
printf("%d\t",crr1[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
Output:
Input the size of the square matrix (less than 6): 2
Input elements in the first matrix :
element - [0],[0] : 1
element - [0],[1] : 2
element - [1],[0] : 3
element - [1],[1] : 4
Input elements in the second matrix :
element - [0],[0] : 5
element - [0],[1] : 6
element - [1],[0] : 7
element - [1],[1] : 8
The Addition of two matrix is :
6 8
10 12

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 12- Transpose of a Matrix
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int arr1[50][50],brr1[50][50],i,j,r,c;
printf("\nInput the rows and columns of the matrix : ");
scanf("%d %d",&r,&c);

printf("Input elements in the first matrix :\n");

for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
printf("element - [%d],[%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i][j]);
}
}

printf("\nThe matrix is :\n");

for(i=0;i<r;i++)
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
printf("%d\t",arr1[i][j]);

for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
brr1[j][i]=arr1[i][j];
22
 }
}

printf("\n\nThe transpose of a matrix is : ");

for(i=0;i<c;i++){
for(j=0;j<r;j++){
printf("%d\t",brr1[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\n");
}
OUTPUT:
Input the rows and columns of the matrix : 2 2
Input elements in the first matrix :
element - [0],[0] : 1
element - [0],[1] : 2
element - [1],[0] : 3
element - [1],[1] : 4

The matrix is:

1 2
3 4
The transpose of a matrix is :
1 3
2 4

13- Accept two matrices and check

whether they are equal
#include <stdio.h>

23
#include <stdlib.h>

void main()
{
int arr1[50][50], brr1[50][50];
int i, j, r1, c1, r2, c2, flag =1;

printf("Input Rows and Columns of the 1st matrix :");

scanf("%d %d", &r1, &c1);

printf("Input Rows and Columns of the 2nd matrix :");

scanf("%d %d", &r2,&c2);
printf("Input elements in the first matrix :\n");
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c1;j++)
{
printf("element - [%d],[%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Input elements in the second matrix :\n");
for(i=0;i<r2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
printf("element - [%d],[%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&brr1[i][j]);
}

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 }

/* Comparing two matrices for equality */

if(r1 == r2 && c1 == c2)
{

for(i=0; i<r1; i++)

{
for(j=0; j<c2; j++)
{
if(arr1[i][j] != brr1[i][j])
{
flag = 0;
break;
}
}
}
}
else
{
flag=0;
}
if(flag == 1 )
printf("Two matrices are equal.\n\n");
else
printf("Two matrices are not equal\n\n");
}
Output:
Input Rows and Columns of the 1st matrix :2 2
Input Rows and Columns of the 2nd matrix :2 2

25
Input elements in the first matrix :
element - [0],[0] : 1
element - [0],[1] : 2
element - [1],[0] : 3
element - [1],[1] : 4
Input elements in the second matrix :
element - [0],[0] : 1
element - [0],[1] : 2
element - [1],[0] : 3
element - [1],[1] : 4

Two matrices are equal.

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Do these programs of your own.
Please do these programs with your self-effort without copying others or
taking hint. Design their logic, implement and test by self so that your problem-
solving skill improves.
Note: All programs done in class, given as homework or assignment are part of
syllabus.
1. Write a program in C to find the second largest element in an array.
2. Write a program in C that input an array of size n, an index between 0 to n-1 and deletes the
element from given index such that array size would be n-1 after deletion.
3. Write a program in C that input an array of size n, a value x, then search and delete the element
from given array at all occurrences. Array size must be n-m after deletion in case x occurs m times.
4. Write a program in C that input an array of size n, a value x, and inserts x into given array.
Considering user will always enter array sorted in ascending order, so the array must remain
sorted after insertion. Array size would be n+1 after insertion.
5. Write a program in C that input two arrays a, b and search if b array exist in a array or not. If exist,
it must also tell the index from which it starts in a array. Consider that size of b array will always
be less or equal to a array
6. Write a program in C that input two arrays a, b. Considering that a and b array are given in sorted
form in ascending order, you need to combine them in third array c such that c is also sorted in
ascending. If size of a array is n, size of b is m, size of c will be n+m.
7. Write a program in C to count the frequency of each element of an array.
8. Write a program in C to sort elements of array in ascending order using 1) Bubble sort 2)Selection
sort 3) Insertion sort.
9. Write a program in C to search element in given array using sequential/linear search.
10. Write a program in C to search elements from array given in ascending order using binary search.

Two-Dimensional Array Programs:

11. Write a program in C to check whether given matrix is symmetric (transpose of matrix is same as
itself).
12. Write a program in C for subtraction of two Matrices.
13. *Write a program in C for multiplication of two Matrices.
14. Write a program in C to find sum of diagonal elements of a matrix.
15. Write a program in C to find sum of elements above the diagonal of a matrix.

27
16. Write a program in C to find sum of elements below the diagonal of a matrix.
17. Write a program in C to accept a matrix and determine whether it is a sparse matrix (more then
half elements of matrix are zero).
18. Write a program in C to check whether a given matrix is an identity matrix.
19. Write a program in C to check whether a given matrix is a diagonal matrix.
20. Write a program in C to check whether all rows of a given matrix are same or not.
21. Write a program in C to check whether all columns of a given matrix are same or not.

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