JODHPUR INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

EXPLORATORY PROJECT REPORT OF

INNOVATION/IDEA LAB

* AIR QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM *

st
Branch: AIML 1 Year 2024-25

NAME OF TEAM MEMBER: -

SUMBITTED TO: -
1. VAIBHAV SHARMA
2. VAIBHAV SINGH INNOVATION/IDEA LAB
3. TUSHAR PARIHAR
DR. SANJAY GAUR
(Dean & HoD Research & Innovation)

Mr. SUMIT CHOUHAN

(Teaching Associate)
TABLE OF CONTENTS –

1. Introduction
2. Market Survey
3. Project Requirements
4. Working and Implementation
5. System Design/ Circuit Diagram
6. Result and Analysis
7. Applications and Future Scope

INTODUCTION –

A Gas Monitoring System (GMS) is a technology-driven solution designed to measure, analyze, and
report the concentration of gases in the surrounding environment. Utilizing advanced sensors like the
MQ-135, the system is capable of detecting gases such as ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon
monoxide (CO), benzene (C6H6), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These systems are essential
for ensuring safety and maintaining air quality in both residential and industrial spaces.

With the rapid pace of urbanization, industrialization, and the increasing risks posed by environmental
hazards, gas monitoring has become an indispensable tool for public safety. Exposure to harmful gases
can lead to severe health issues, including respiratory ailments, neurological disorders, and long-term
environmental degradation. The GMS empowers organizations, industries, and individuals to monitor gas
levels in real-time, identify potential risks, and take preventive measures to safeguard health and
property.

A typical gas monitoring system consists of sensors integrated with a microcontroller, such as the
ESP32, connected to IoT platforms for real-time data analysis and alerts. The data collected can be used
for early warnings, safety compliance, and environmental planning. The integration of IoT further
enhances the system by enabling remote monitoring and providing instant notifications. As such, gas
monitoring systems play a critical role in ensuring safety, improving air quality, and protecting
communities.
Market Survey & Cost Estimate –

S. no. Component Detail Online Price (Name of Offline Price Price

Store) (Local Store) Difference

1 MQ 135 SENSOR 359/- Flipkart 350/- 9/-

2 SWITCH TOGGLE 200/- Flipkart 100/- 100/-
3 BREADBOARD 190/- Amazon 180/- 10/-

4 TYPE C TP4056 150/- FLIPKART 120/- 30/-

CHARGING MODULE

5 BATTERY 3.7 290/- Amazon

V.2000MH. DSN 250/- 40/-
6. 18650 CELL HOLDER 150/- Flipkart 120/- 30/-

7. ESP 32 WITHOUT 650/- Amazon 600/- 50/-

CAMERA
8. LED +RESISTANCE 150/-Flipkart 130/- 20/-
+WIRE
TOTAL 2139/- 1850/- 289/-

Project Requirements

The ESP32 is a versatile

microcontroller with a dual-core
processor, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth
capabilities. It offers 520 KB SRAM,
4 MB flash memory, and around 30
GPIO pins for various functions.
Equipped with built-in sensors and
low-power modes, it’s ideal for IoT
A breadboard is a simple and reusable platform
used for building and testing electronic circuits
without the need for soldering. It consists of a
plastic board with many small holes arranged in
rows and columns, which are connected
internally with metal strips. These holes allow
you to insert components like resistors, LEDs,
and wires to create temporary circuits. The
breadboard is designed to make experimenting
with electronic designs easy, as you can quickly
rearrange components and connections to test
different ideas. It’s commonly used by
beginners, hobbyists, and professionals for
prototyping and learning about electronics.
The MQ-135 gas sensor is a device used to
measure the quality of air by detecting
harmful gases like ammonia, carbon
dioxide, alcohol, smoke, and more. It works
by sensing changes in the air and
converting them into electrical signals.
When the sensor detects these gases, its
resistance changes, and this change is
used to measure the concentration of
gases. It has both analog and digital
outputs, making it easy to use with devices
like Arduino or ESP32. The MQ-135 is
affordable and commonly used in projects
like air quality monitoring and pollution
detection. However, it needs proper
calibration to give accurate results and
may be affected by changes in
 A 3.7V battery is a type of
rechargeable battery commonly used
in portable electronic devices like
smartphones, power banks, and DIY
projects. It is usually a lithium-ion (Li-
ion) or lithium-polymer (LiPo) battery,
known for being lightweight, compact,
and having a high energy capacity.
The 3.7V refers to the nominal voltage,
which means the average voltage the
battery provides during use. These
batteries are efficient, long-lasting,
and can be recharged multiple times.
However, they must be charged
carefully using proper chargers to
avoid overcharging, overheating, or
damage, as these can affect their
performance or safety.
The TP4056 charging module is a small
and affordable device used to safely
charge lithium-ion or lithium-polymer
(LiPo) batteries. It is designed to provide a
constant charging current and voltage to
the battery, protecting it from
overcharging, overheating, or short
circuits. The module has an onboard
micro-USB port or input pins to connect a
power source and features indicator LEDs:
one for charging (red) and another for full
charge (blue). It’s commonly used in DIY
electronics projects to charge
rechargeable batteries safely and
efficiently. However, it’s important to use
it with the right battery type and follow
proper connections to avoid damage.
Working and Implementation

Sensor Utilized:
The system uses the MQ-135 sensor to measure concentrations of gases in the
air, including CO2, NH3, Alcohol, and LPG.

Raw Data Conversion:

The sensor provides raw analog values, which are converted into accurate gas
concentration readings using calibrated formulas.

CO2 Concentration:
Detects CO2 levels ranging from approximately 400 ppm (normal atmospheric
conditions) to higher values that indicate poor ventilation or pollution.

NH3 Concentration:
Measures ammonia (NH3) levels in parts per million (ppm), with elevated
concentrations often linked to agricultural emissions or industrial waste.

Alcohol Vapors:
Detects the presence of alcohol vapours, which may arise from spills or fumes
in industrial settings.

LPG Concentration:
Monitors LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) concentrations to identify potential
leaks that could pose safety hazards.

Real-Time Monitoring:
Provides real-time updates of gas concentrations, enabling precise monitoring
and promoting awareness of air quality conditions.
 System Design/ Circuit Diagram

1. MQ-135 Gas Sensor to ESP32:

 VCC → 3.3V pin on ESP32

 GND → GND on ESP32

 AOUT (Analog Output) → Connect to Analog Pin A0 on ESP32

2. Red and Green LEDs with Resistors (200 Ohm):

 Red LED:

o Positive leg (longer) → GPIO25 on ESP32

o Negative leg → One end of the 200-ohm resistor → GND

 Green LED:

o Positive leg (longer) → GPIO26 on ESP32

o Negative leg → One end of the 200-ohm resistor → GND

3. Toggle Switches:
 Switch 1:

o One terminal → GPIO27

o Other terminal → GND

 Switch 2:

o One terminal → GPIO14

o Other terminal → GND

4. Battery and TP4056 Charging Module:

 Battery Holder (3.3V Battery):

o Connect battery to the holder.

 TP4056 Charging Module:

o Battery holder positive (+) → BAT+ terminal on TP4056

o Battery holder negative (-) → BAT- terminal on TP4056

 TP4056 OUT terminals to ESP32:

o OUT+ → Vin on ESP32

o OUT- → GND on ESP32

Project Photographs
 Result

The Project is successfully implemented and working properly, giving output of gas concentrations.

Applications and Future Scope

1. Indoor Air Quality Monitoring:

o Used in homes, offices, and schools to detect harmful gases like

CO₂, CO, NH₃, benzene, and smoke, ensuring a safe and

healthy environment.
2. Industrial Safety:
o Monitors air quality in factories or chemical plants to detect gas

leaks and hazardous fumes, preventing accidents.

3. Smart Homes:
o Integrates with IoT systems to automate ventilation systems or

send alerts if air quality deteriorates.

4. Public Spaces:
o Deployed in malls, airports, or railway stations to ensure air

quality standards are met for public health.

5. Automotive Sector:
o Installed in vehicles to monitor cabin air quality and trigger air

filtration systems.
6. Healthcare Facilities:
o Monitors air quality in hospitals and clinics to maintain a

hygienic and safe environment, particularly in operating rooms.

7. Agriculture:
o Measures the concentration of gases in greenhouses to optimize

conditions for plant growth.

 Future Scope:
1. IoT Integration:
o Connect the system to a cloud platform for remote monitoring

and data visualization through apps or web dashboards.

2. Data Logging and Analysis:
o Add an SD card or use a cloud database to log data for long-

term trend analysis and better air quality predictions.

3. Multi-Gas Detection:
o Upgrade the system to include additional sensors for detecting

specific gases, improving precision and utility.

4. AI and Machine Learning:
o Implement AI algorithms to analyse historical data, predict

trends, and provide proactive alerts about air quality changes.

5. Mobile App Connectivity:
o Develop a companion app that notifies users of air quality

conditions and provides suggestions for improving indoor

environments.
6. Solar-Powered Operation:
o Integrate solar panels to make the system more sustainable

and suitable for outdoor or remote applications.

7. Battery Optimization:
o Implement low-power modes or energy-efficient components

to extend battery life.

8. Enhanced Calibration:
o Automate the calibration process using software routines and

environmental data to improve accuracy across different

locations.
9. Wearable Devices:
o Miniaturize the system for wearable applications, allowing

individuals to monitor personal exposure to pollutants.

10. G
Government and Environmental Projects:
o Deploy the system for large-scale air quality monitoring in

cities as part of smart city initiatives or environmental

research programs.

THANK YOU