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The document provides an overview of database systems, including their purpose, architecture, and transaction management. It covers data models, database design using ER diagrams, relational database concepts, and the fundamentals of relational algebra and calculus. Additionally, it discusses SQL constraints, transaction management, concurrency control, and PL-SQL programming elements.

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NEELAM RAWAT
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10 views1 page

Sample 1

The document provides an overview of database systems, including their purpose, architecture, and transaction management. It covers data models, database design using ER diagrams, relational database concepts, and the fundamentals of relational algebra and calculus. Additionally, it discusses SQL constraints, transaction management, concurrency control, and PL-SQL programming elements.

Uploaded by

NEELAM RAWAT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Databases and Transactions: What is database system,

purpose of database system, view of data, relational databases, database


architecture, transaction management

Data Models: The importance of data models, Basic building blocks,


I Business rules, The evolution of data models, Degrees of data abstraction.

Database Design, ER Diagram and Unified Modeling


Language: Database design and ER Model: overview, ER Model,
Constraints, ER Diagrams, ERD Issues, weak entity sets, Codd’s rules,
Relational Schemas, Introduction to UML

Relational database model: Logical view of data, keys, integrity rules,


Relational Database design: features of good relational database design,
atomic domain and Normalization (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF).

Relational Algebra and Calculus: Relational algebra: introduction,


II
Selection and projection, set operations, renaming, Joins, Division, syntax,
semantics. Operators, grouping and ungrouping, relational comparison.

Calculus: Tuple relational calculus, Domain relational Calculus, calculus vs


algebra, computational capabilities

Constraints, Views and SQL: Constraints, types of constrains, Integrity


constraints, Views: Introduction to views, data independence, security,
III updates on views, comparison between tables and views SQL: data
definition, aggregate function, Null Values, nested sub queries, Joined
relations. Triggers.

Transaction management and Concurrency: Control Transaction


management: ACID properties, serializability and concurrency control, Lock
IV
based concurrency control (2PL, Deadlocks), Time stamping methods,
optimistic methods, database recovery management.

PL-SQL: Beginning with PL / SQL, Identifiers and Keywords, Operators,


Expressions, Sequences, Control Structures, Cursors and Transaction,
V Collections and composite data types, Procedures and Functions,
Exceptions Handling, Packages, With Clause and Hierarchical Retrieval,
Triggers.

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