The IoT Landscape &

Platforms
The IoT Landscape…
• IoT as a novel communication paradigm can lead to advanced connectivity of
devices, systems, and services that goes beyond machine-to-machine (M2M)
communications.
• IoT architecture comprises a collection of physical objects, sensors, cloud
services, developers, actuators, communication layers, users, business layers,
and IoT protocols
• Generally, the use cases of the internet of things are transportation,
Environmental monitoring, medical and healthcare, home automation, energy
management, media, agriculture, and security.
Platforms Supporting IoT
Diverse platforms have embraced the advent of the internet of things.
 With cloud facility, users can have the visualization, machine learning, data
analytics options for wider sets of information; taking the overall available data
and refining it down to important information is referred to as Data
management.
 Different devices from different applications send large volumes and varieties
of information.
 Managing all this IoT data means developing and executing architectures,
policies, practices, and procedures that can meet the full data lifecycle needs.
Things are controlled by smart devices to automate tasks, so we can save time.
Platforms Supporting IoT
Cloud Computing for IoT
Cloud Platforms for the IoT
Platforms Supporting IoT
• Platforms Supporting IoT

 IoT platforms and tools are considered the most significant component of the IoT
ecosystem.

 Any IoT device permits to connect to other IoT devices and applications to pass on
information using standard Internet protocols.

 IoT platforms fill the gap between the device sensors and data networks.

 It connects the data to the sensor system and gives insights using back-end applications
to create a sense of the plenty of data developed by the many sensors.

 The Internet of Things (IoT) is the future of technology that helps Artificial intelligence
(AI) to regulate and understand things in a considerably stronger way.

 Below are a mix of best known IoT platforms and tools that help you to develop IoT
projects in an organized way.
Practice Questions
1. What do you understand by Things in respect to IoT?
2. Discuss IoT Architecture
3. List the characteristics of IoT
4. Explain the applications of IoT in Industry transformation
5. Explain the following in relation to IoT Standard:
i. Data Integrity
ii. Data Confidentiality
iii. Data Availability
iv. Authentication and Authorization
IoT Platforms
IoT Platforms
• Cloud Computing for IoT
• Cloud Platforms for the Internet of Things
• Data Management for IoT
• The IoT data management
• Data Management Challenges
• IoT Data Lifecycle
Platforms Supporting IoT
• Diverse platforms have embraced the advent of the internet of things.

• With cloud facility, users can have the visualization, machine learning, data
analytics options for wider sets of information; taking the overall available
data and refining it down to important information is referred to as Data
management.

• Different devices from different applications send large volumes and varieties
of information.

• Managing all this IoT data means developing and executing architectures,
policies, practices, and procedures that can meet the full data lifecycle needs.
• Things are controlled by smart devices to automate tasks, so we can save time.
Platforms Supporting IoT
• IoT platforms and tools are considered the most significant component of the IoT
ecosystem.
• Any IoT device permits to connect to other IoT devices and applications to pass
on information using standard Internet protocols.

• IoT platforms fill the gap between the device sensors and data networks. It
connects the data to the sensor system and gives insights using back-end
applications to create a sense of the plenty of data developed by the many sensors.

• The Internet of Things (IoT) is the future of technology that helps Artificial
intelligence (AI) to regulate and understand things in a considerably stronger way.

• Below are a mix of best known IoT platforms and tools that help you to develop
IoT projects in an organized way.
Platforms Supporting IoT
1. Zetta
• Zetta is an Application Programming Interface (API) based IoT platform
based on Node.js.
• Zetta is considered a complete toolkit to make HTTP APIs for devices.
• Zetta combines REST APIs, WebSockets to make data-intensive and real-time
applications.
The following are some notable features:
It can run on the cloud, or a PC, or even modest development boards.
Easy interface and necessary programming to control sensors, actuators, and
controllers.
Allows developers to assemble smartphone apps, device apps, and cloud apps.
It is developed for data-intensive and real-time applications.
Turns any machine into an API.
 Platforms Supporting IoT
2. Arduino
 If you are seeking to make a computer that can perceive and exercise stronger
control over the real world when related to your ordinary stand-alone computer,
then Arduino can be your wise preference.
 Offering an appropriate blend of IoT hardware and software, Arduino is a
simple-touse IoT platform.
• It operates through an array of hardware specifications that can be given to interactive
electronics.
• The software of Arduino comes in the plan of the Arduino programming language and
Integrated Development Environment (IDE).
 Platforms Supporting IoT
3. OpenRemote
 OpenRemote has introduced a new open-source IoT platform to create professional energy
management, crowd management, or more generic asset management applications.
 Summing up the most important features:
• Generic asset and attribute model with different asset types.
• Protocol agents like HTTP REST or MQTT to connect your IoT devices, gateways, or data
services or build a missing vendor-specific API.
• Flow editor for data processing, and a WHEN-THEN and a Groovy UI for event-based
rules.
• Standard Dashboard for provisioning, automating, controlling, and monitoring your
application as well as Web UI components to build project-specific apps.
• Android and iOS consoles allow you to connect to your phone services, e.g., geofences, and
push notifications.
• Edge Gateway solution to connect multiple instances with a central management instance.
• Multi-realms multi-tenant solution, combined with account management and
• identity service.
 Platforms Supporting IoT
4. Node-RED
• Node-RED is a visual tool for lining the IoT, i.e., wiring together hardware devices, APIs, and online
services in new ways.
• Built on Node.js, NodeRED describes itself as “a visual means for wiring the Internet of Things.”
• It provides developers to connect devices, services, and APIs using a browser-based flow editor. It can
run on Raspberry Pi, and further 60,000 modules are accessible to increase its facilities.

5. Flutter
• Flutter is a programmable processor core for electronics projects, designed for students, and engineers.
Flutter’s take to glory is it's long-range. This Arduino-based board includes a wireless transmitter that
can show up to more than a half-mile. Plus, you don’t require a router; flutter boards can interact with
each other quickly.
• It consists of 256-bit AES encryption, and it’s simple to use. Some of the other features are below.
• Fast Performance
• Expressive and Flexible UI
• Native Performance
• Visual finish and functionality of existing widgets.
 Platforms Supporting IoT
6. M2MLabs Mainspring:

 M2MLabs Mainspring is an application framework for developing a machine to

machines (M2M) applications such as remote control, fleet administration, or smart
terminal.

 Its facilities include flexible design of devices, device structure, connection between
machines and applications, validation and normalization of data, long-term data
repository, and data retrieval functions.

 It’s based on Java and the Apache Cassandra NoSQL database.

 M2M applications can be modeled in hours rather than weeks and subsequently passed
on to a high performance execution environment made on top of a standard J2EE
server and the highly-scalable Apache Cassandra database.
 Cloud Computing for IoT
 Cloud computing is a more flexible and scalable technique that allows various
services for IoT systems. These services include information storage options,
software tools and analytics, suitable platform and core infrastructure for the
development.

 With cloud facilities, users can have the visualization, machine learning, data
analytics options for wider sets of information.

• Cloud-based architecture became popular in IoT systems due to the equivocal

nature of the information sensed and produced in the form of data by IoT
devices.
 Cloud Computing for IoT
In most IoT architectures, centralized control over the data is done using cloud-based data processing systems, as
shown in Figure below.

This allowed the IoT

system to have a cloud-
centric architecture making
the cloud to be in between
the applications and
network of things.

Here, the central part is

the cloud, applications
were placed above to cloud
and a network of things
were placed just below the
Data processing in the cloud and fog-based architectures of IoT cloud
IoT Cloud Platforms
• Internet of things is the fastest growing industry today. Here we will look
at the most recommended cloud platforms used for IoT development.
• AWS IoT
• Microsoft Azure IoT Hub
• Salesforce IoT
• Google Cloud IoT
• IBM Watson IoT Platform
• Oracle Integrated Cloud for IoT
IoT Cloud Platforms (AWS IoT)
• There are billions of devices present in the hospital, homes, cars, and many number of places.

• AWS helps the user to collect, store and analyze the device data even when internet connectivity is
down.
• It provides services like AWS IoT Core, device management, and device defender.
• AWS IoT analytics services are provided for analyzing their IoT data.

• AWS IoT is scalable to use and pay for what you use.

• AWS IoT provides security features such as encryption and access control devices, monitor and audit
security policies.

• It is useful for connected homes, industrial and commercial projects and industrial applications like Anel
company uses IoT platform for energy management (creating green glass enable gateways for homes,
Symantec network uses IoT for the backend.
IoT Cloud Platforms (Microsoft Azure IoT Hub)
• Microsoft Azure IoT Hub
• Cloud computing is about accessing computing services like storage, networking over the
internet from the service provider Azure.

• When we store photos online instead of phone gallery is cloud computing. It provides
services for deploying applications on a massive global network using preferred tools and
frameworks.

• It is used for meeting business challenges. It is a Microsoft product, less expensive to use,
more secure, and reliable. We can scale up and down storage resources when our needs
change on azure.

• It will manage tools and services for hybrid cloud applications. We can build a framework
with all the languages and can deploy wherever we want.
• Help is provided by the expert while using azure.
 IoT Cloud Platforms (Salesforce IoT )
• Salesforce IoT
• Building an application takes a lot of time but with the help of salesforce, it becomes easy and less time-
consuming because it provides the fastest path from thinking of creating an app to building it successfully.

• No need to worry about infrastructure and tools. It is available in the cloud, anyone can use it from anywhere
through the internet.

• It is scalable to the growth of the company which is seasonally changing it is applications.

• It supports start-ups and small businesses. It provides software solutions and platforms for users and
developers.
• Infrastructure and up-gradation happen automatically. Sales cloud, service cloud, exact target market cloud, app
exchange are services provided to the customers.

• Organizations can store and process Internet of things data, can utilize services provided by the salesforce IoT
cloud.
• Salesforce handles a massive amount of data generated by devices, websites, sensors, etc, and provides
responsive actions to the data provided by customers.
 IoT Cloud Platforms (Google Cloud IoT)
• Google Cloud IoT
• It is used for collecting, processing, and analyzing data and stored at the edge
and in the cloud.
• It is a scalable and fully-managed cloud service. With the help services provided
by google cloud IoT data, we can get an insight into the business.
• Ad-hoc analysis is done with the help of Google BigQuery.
• We discover device performance on the Google Cloud IoT platform.
• We can make use of Google Maps to visualize the real-time location of the
asset and keep track of them. It provides security with less risk.
• It has intelligent monitoring and control for the assets.
• Popular Course in this category
 IoT Cloud Platforms (IBM Watson IoT Platform)
• IBM Watson IoT Platform
• It is a cloud-hosted service that is capable of registration, connectivity, control, rapid
visualization, and data storage.
•
• We can get real-time analysis of user and machine data such as speech, text video
using the smart and scalable platform.

• This will help us to make better business decisions.

• It can connect IoT devices, networks, and gateways through ecosystems (it uses
standard-based communications like HTTPS).

• It performs analysis of structured and unstructured data. We can get history and
parse, transform our data. The integration of IoT apps is possible.
 IoT Cloud Platforms (Oracle Integrated Cloud for IoT)
• Oracle Integrated Cloud for IoT
• Oracle IoT is a Software as a service (SaaS) solution that is built on highly
scalable IoT platforms that runs on Oracle-based cloud infrastructure.
• It has built-in integrations and extensibility features to extend our business such
as ERP.
• It will provide real-time insight into the data to improve efficiency and derive
business values from applications.
• Security is highly available such as each device has a unique identity and
authorization of proof-origin data.
• Multiple devices are connected to enterprise applications with REST API. It
has built-in intelligence and machine learning capabilities to build intelligent
IoT solutions.
 Data Management for IoT
• Data management is the process of taking the overall available data and refining it down to important information.
Different devices from different applications send large volumes and varieties of information.

• Managing all this IoT data means developing and executing architectures, policies, practices, and procedures that can meet
the full data lifecycle needs.

• Things are controlled by smart devices to automate tasks, so we can save time. Intelligent things can collect, transmit and
understand information, but a tool will be required to aggregate data and draw out inferences, trends, and patterns.

• Developers and manufacturers of embedded systems and devices need to build systems that answer the demands of data
management.

• They need to design a data management framework compatible with all the software and hardware that play a role in
collecting, managing, and distributing data.

• The design needs to be efficient to accelerate the time-to-market of the end-product.

• Data from the field tests help improve the design and create a higher-quality product. Collecting field data post-launch helps
in continuous
• product improvement with software updates and by identifying anomalies. This also provides important insights to support
the development process of new products.
 Data Management Challenges
• With time, the number of IoT devices will increase, thus increasing the challenges for real-
time processing and analysis to reduce the time for storage. Space has to be optimized for
metadata like user IDs and passwords to ensure enough space for new information.

• Functions such as adaptive maintenance, predictive repair, security monitoring, and process
optimization rely on real-time data. Selecting the right tools is a challenge because integration
between different sensors should be proven and compatibilities confirmed.

• When there is no connection, devices must still gain insights, make decisions and prepare for
data distribution. There are important factors behind an IoT device data management
platform, including interoperability, scalability, security, and standards offered by software
technologies to build IoT products.

• It is important to protect data from unauthorized access and tampering. Organizations need
to be compliant with national rules and regulations on securing data. IoT device data also
need to be checked for quality. Having many different devices connected directly to cloud
services presents a huge attack surface, which can be mitigated by channeling data through a
secure gateway device.
IoT Data Lifecycle
• The lifecycle of data within an IoT system illustrated in Figure next page
• proceeds from data production to aggregation, transfer, optional filtering and
preprocessing, and finally to storage and archiving.

• Querying and analysis are the endpoints that initiate (request) and consume data
production, but data products can be set to be “pushed” to the IoT consuming
services.

• Production, collection, aggregation, filtering, and some basic querying and

preliminary processing functionalities are considered online, communication-
intensive operations.

• Intensive preprocessing, long-term storage, and archival, and in-depth

processing/analysis are considered offline storage-intensive operations.
 IoT Data Lifecycle Storage operations aim at making data available in
the long term for constant access/updates, while
archival is concerned with read-only data. Since
some IoT systems may generate, process, and store
IoT data lifecycle and data management data in-network for real-time and localized services,
with no need to propagate this data further up to
concentration points in the system, “edges” that
combine both processing and storage elements may
exist as autonomous units in the cycle. In the
following paragraphs, each of the elements in the
IoT data lifecycle is explained.

Querying: Data-intensive systems rely on querying

as the core process to access and retrieve data. In
the context of IoT, a query can be issued either to
request real-time data to be collected for temporal
monitoring purposes or to retrieve a certain view of
the data stored within the system. The first case is
typical when a (mostly localized) real-time request
for data is needed. The second case represents more
globalized views of data and in-depth analysis of
trends and patterns.
IoT Data Lifecycle (Production)
• Production:
• Data production involves sensing and transfer of data by the “Things”
within the IoT framework and reporting this data to interested parties
periodically (as in a subscribe/notify model), pushing it up the Network to
aggregation points and subsequently to database servers, or sending it as a
response triggered by queries that request the data from sensors and smart
objects.
• Data is usually time-stamped and possibly geo-stamped and can be in the
form of simple key-value pairs, or it may contain rich audio/image/video
content, with varying degrees of complexity in-between.
IoT Data Lifecycle (Collection)
• Collection:
• The sensors and smart objects within the IoT may store the data for a
certain time interval or report it to govern components.

• Data may be collected at concentration points or gateways within the

network where it is further filtered and processed, and possibly fused into
compact forms for efficient transmission.

• Wireless communication technologies such as Zigbee, Wi-Fi, and cellular are

used by objects to send data to collection points.
IoT Data Lifecycle (Aggregation, Delivery)
• Aggregation/Fusion:
• Transmitting all the raw data out of the network in real-time is often prohibitively
expensive given the increasing data streaming rates and the limited bandwidth.
• Aggregation and fusion techniques deploy summarization and merging operations in
real-time to compress the volume of data to be stored and transmitted.

• Delivery:
• As data is filtered, aggregated, and possibly processed either at the concentration points
or the autonomous virtual units within the IoT, the results of these processes may need
to be sent further up the system, either as final responses or for storage and in-depth
analysis.
• Wired or wireless broadband communications may be used there to transfer data to
permanent data stores.
IoT Data Lifecycle (Preprocessing)
• Preprocessing:
• IoT data will come from different sources with varying formats and structures.
Data may need to be preprocessed to handle missing data, remove redundancies
and integrate data from different sources into a unified schema before being
committed to storage.

• This preprocessing is a known procedure in data mining called data cleaning.

Schema integration does not imply brute-force fitting of all the data into a fixed
relational (tables) schema, but rather a more abstract definition of a consistent way
to access the data without having to customize access for each source's data
format(s).

• Probabilities at different levels in the schema may be added at this phase to IoT
data items to handle the uncertainty that may be present in data or to deal with the
lack of trust that may exist in data sources
 IoT Data Lifecycle (Storage/Update-Archiving)
• Storage/Update-Archiving:
• This phase handles the efficient storage and organization of data as well as the continuous update of data with
new information as it becomes available.
• Archiving refers to the offline long-term storage of data that is not immediately needed for the system's ongoing
operations.
• The core of centralized storage is the deployment of storage structures that adapt to the various data types and
the frequency of data capture.
• Relational database management systems are a popular choice that involves the organization of data into a table
schema with predefined interrelationships and metadata for efficient retrieval at later stages.
• NoSQL key-value stores are gaining popularity as storage technologies for their support of big data storage with
no reliance on a relational schema or strong consistency requirements typical of relational database systems.
• Storage can also be decentralized for autonomous IoT systems, where data is kept at the objects that generate it
and is not sent up the system.
• However, due to the limited capabilities of such objects, storage capacity remains limited in comparison to the
centralized storage model.
 IoT Data Lifecycle (Storage/Update-Archiving)
• Processing/Analysis:
• This phase involves the ongoing retrieval and analysis operations performed and stored and
archived data to gain insights into historical data and predict future trends, or to detect
abnormalities in the data that may trigger further investigation or action.

• Task-specific preprocessing may be needed to filter and clean data before meaningful
operations take place.

• When an IoT subsystem is autonomous and does not require permanent storage of its data,
but rather keeps the processing and storage in the network, then in-network processing may
be performed in response to real-time or localized queries.