Class : XII

Subject : Computer Science

Practical File 2024-25
INDEX

S. Contents
No.

Python Programs

1 Write a program in Python to input a number from the user and calculate if the given number is
prime or not.

2 Write a program in Python to input a string from the user and find out if the given string is
palindrome or not.

3 Write a program in Python, which inputs a list L of integers and displays the sum of all such integers
from the list L which end with the digit 3.

4 Write a program in Python, which input a list L of numbers and a number to be searched. If the
number exists, it is replaced by 0 and if the number does not exist, an appropriate message is
displayed.

5 Write a Python program, which takes a dictionary Student as input, the dictionary Student
contains Name:(Phy,Chem,Math) as key:value pairs, program should display the average marks
of all students present in the dictionary.

6 Write a Python program to read a text file “POEM.TXT” and print the total number of vowels and
consonants separately present in the text file.

7 Write a Python code to find the size of the file “Notes.txt” in bytes, the number of lines, and
number of words and no. of character.

8 Write a Python program which reads the contents of a text file "BIOPIC.TXT" and displays the
content of the file with every occurrence of the word 'he' replaced by 'she'.

9 Write a Python program to count and display the number of lines starting with ‘A’ (Lower/Upper
both cases) present in the text file “Lines.txt”.

10 Write a Python program to count and display the number of lines that have exactly 5 words in it
present in the text file “Story.txt”.

11 Create a binary file “Student.Dat” with the name and roll number. Search for a given roll number
and
 display the name, if not found display appropriate message.

12 Create a binary file “Stud.dat” with roll number, name and marks. Input a roll number and update
details. Create a binary file with roll number, name and marks. Input a roll number and update
details.

13 Write a program using the following functions :

A binary file “Book.dat” has structure [BookNo, Book_Name, Author, Price].

1. Write a user defined function CreateFile() to input data for a record and add to Book.dat .

2. Write a function CountRec(Author) in Python which accepts the Author name as

parameter and count and return number of books by the given
Author are stored in the binary file “Book.dat”

14 Write a program to perform read and write

operation onto a “student.csv” file having fields
as roll number, name, stream and percentage.

15 Write a program to copy the data from “Data.csv” to “Temp.csv”.

16 Write a program to create a library on your name in python and import it in a program.

17 Write a program which adds any random five even numbers in a list that falls between the highest
and the lowest number. Both highest and lowest numbers are accepted from the user.

18 A list contains following record of customer:

[Customer_name, Room_Type]
Write a complete program using the following user defined function to perform given operations
on the stack named 'Hotel':
(a) Push_Cust(): To push customers' names of those who are staying in 'Delux' Room Type.
(b) Pop_Cust(): To pop the names of customers from the stack and display them. Also display
"Underflow" when there are no customers in the stack.

19 A school stores records of Class XII students using a list that contains multiple lists as its elements.
The structure of each such element is [Student_Name, Marks, MainSubject].
Crate a complete program using the user-defined functions to perform the operations as
mentioned below:
(a) Push_student(): To push the Student_Name and Marks of all those students, who have
Science as MainSubject, into a Stack StudentInfo
(b) Pop_student(): To delete all items (one at a time) from the stack StudentInfo in LIFO order
and display them. Also display "Empty Stack" when there are no items remaining in the stack.
20 Write a program to connect Python with MySQL using database connectivity and perform the
following operations on data in Database:
A) Create, B) Insert, C) Fetch, D) Update and E) Delete the data.

MySQL Queries

21 Consider the table ORDERS as given below

Note: The table contains many more records than shown here. Write the following queries:
(I) To display the total Quantity for each Product, excluding Products with total Quantity less than
5.
(II) To display the orders table sorted by total price in descending order.
(III) To display the distinct customer names from the Orders table.
(IV) Display the sum of Price of all the orders for which the quantity is null.

22 Rahul, who works as a database designer, has developed a database for a bookshop. This
database includes a table BOOK whose column (attribute) names are mentioned below: BCODE:
Shows the unique code for each book.
TITLE: Indicates the book’s title.
AUTHOR: Specifies the author’s name.
PRICE: Lists the cost of the book.
Table: BOOK

I. Write SQL query to display book titles in lowercase.

II. Write SQL query to display the highest price among the books.
III. Write SQL query to display the number of characters in each book title.
IV. Write SQL query to display the Book Code and Price sorted by Price in descending order.
23 Write SQL queries for (i) to (iv), which are based on the tables given below :

NOTE : All Dates are given in ‘YYYY-MM-DD’ format.

(i) To display total number of MALE and FEMALE Passengers
(ii) To display details of all Trains which Start from Pune Junction
(iii) To display details of all Passengers travelling in Trains whose TNO is 12030
(iv) To display the PNR, PNAME, GENDER and AGE of all Passengers whose AGE is above 50.

24 Write SQL queries for (i) to (iv), which are based on the tables.
 i. To display details of all transactions of TYPE Deposit from Table TRANSACT.
ii. To display the ANO and AMOUNT of all Deposits and Withdrawals done in the month of October
2017 from table TRANSACT.
iii. To display the last date of transaction (DOT) from the table TRANSACT for the Accounts having
ANO as 103.
iv. To display all ANO, ANAME and DOT of those persons from tables ACCOUNT and TRANSACT
who have done transactions less than or equal to 3000.

25 Write SQL queries for (i) to (iv), which are based on the tables :
(i) To display the CODE and NAME of all SALESPERSON having “I7” Item Type Code from the
table SALESPERSON.
(ii) To display all details from table SALESPERSON in descending order of SALARY.
(iii) To display the number of SALESPERSON dealing in each TYPE of ITEM.
(Use ITCODE for the same)
(iv) To display NAME of all the salespersons from the SALESPERSON table along with their
corresponding ITEMTYPE from the ITEM table.
Program1:- Write a program in Python to input a number from the user
and calculate if the given number is prime or not.

# Function to check if a number is prime

def is_prime(number):
if number <= 1:
return False # Numbers less than or equal to 1 are not prime
for i in range(2, int(number ** 0.5) + 1): # Check divisibility up to the square root of
the number
if number % i == 0:
return False # If divisible by any number, it's not prime
return True # If no divisors were found, it's prime

# Input from the user

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

# Check if the number is prime

if is_prime(num):
print(f"{num} is a prime number.")
else:
print(f"{num} is not a prime number.")
OUTPUT
Program2:- Write a program in Python to input a string from the user and
find out if the given string is palindrome or not.

# Function to check if a string is palindrome

def is_palindrome(s):
# Remove spaces and convert to lowercase for case insensitive comparison
s = s.replace(" ", "").lower()
# Check if the string is equal to its reverse
return s == s[::-1]

# Input from the user

user_input = input("Enter a string: ")

# Check if the string is a palindrome

if is_palindrome(user_input):
print(f"'{user_input}' is a palindrome.")
else:
print(f"'{user_input}' is not a palindrome.")
OUTPUT
Program3:- Write a program in Python, which inputs a list L of integers
and displays the sum of all such integers from the list L which end with
the digit 3.

# Function to calculate the sum of integers ending with the digit 3

def sum_ending_with_3(lst):
total = 0
for num in lst:
# Check if the last digit of the number is 3
if num % 10 == 3:
total += num
return total

# Input from the user

L = list(map(int, input("Enter a list of integers (separated by spaces): ").split()))

# Calculate and display the sum

result = sum_ending_with_3(L)
print(f"The sum of integers that end with the digit 3 is: {result}")
OUTPUT
Program4:- Write a program in Python, which input a list L of numbers
and a number to be searched. If the number exists, it is replaced by 0
and if the number does not exist, an appropriate message is displayed.

def replace_number_with_zero(lst, num_to_search):

if num_to_search in lst:
# Replace all occurrences of num_to_search with 0
for i in range(len(lst)):
if lst[i] == num_to_search:
lst[i] = 0
print("Updated list:", lst)
else:
print(f"The number {num_to_search} was not found in the list.")

# Input: list of numbers

L = list(map(int, input("Enter the list of numbers (space-separated): ").split()))

# Input: the number to search for

num = int(input("Enter the number to be searched: "))

# Call the function to replace or show message

replace_number_with_zero(L, num)
OUTPUT
Program5:- Write a Python program, which takes a dictionary Student
as input, the dictionary Student contains Name:(Phy,Chem,Math) as
key:value pairs, program should display the average marks of all
students present in the dictionary.

def calculate_average_marks(student_dict):
for name, marks in student_dict.items():
# Calculate the average of Physics, Chemistry, and Math marks
average_marks = sum(marks) / len(marks)
print(f"Average marks of {name}: {average_marks:.2f}")

# Input: Dictionary of students with their marks in Physics, Chemistry, and Math
student_dict = {}

# Number of students to be entered

n = int(input("Enter the number of students: "))

for _ in range(n):
name = input("Enter student's name: ")
phy = float(input(f"Enter {name}'s marks in Physics: "))
chem = float(input(f"Enter {name}'s marks in Chemistry: "))
math = float(input(f"Enter {name}'s marks in Mathematics: "))

# Adding the student's data to the dictionary

student_dict[name] = [phy, chem, math]

# Display average marks of each student

calculate_average_marks(student_dict)
OUTPUT
Program6:- Write a Python program to read a text file “POEM.TXT” and
print the total number of vowels and consonants separately present in
the text file.

def count_vowels_consonants(filename):
# Initialize vowel and consonant counters
vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
consonants = "bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyzBCDFGHJKLMNPQRSTVWXYZ"

vowel_count = 0
consonant_count = 0

try:
# Open the file
with open(filename, 'r') as file:
# Read the file content
content = file.read()

# Loop through each character in the content

for char in content:
if char in vowels:
vowel_count += 1
elif char in consonants:
consonant_count += 1

# Print the counts

print(f"Total vowels: {vowel_count}")
print(f"Total consonants: {consonant_count}")

except FileNotFoundError:
print(f"Error: The file {filename} does not exist.")
# Call the function with the filename 'POEM.TXT'
filename = "POEM.TXT"
count_vowels_consonants(filename)
OUTPUT
Program7:- Write a Python program to read a text file “Input.txt” and
print the words starting with ‘O’ (Lower/Upper both cases) in reverse
order. The rest of the content is displayed normally.
def process_file(filename):
try:
# Open the file for reading
with open(filename, 'r') as file:
content = file.read()

# Split the content into words

words = content.split()

# List to hold words starting with 'O' or 'o'

o_words = [word for word in words if word.lower().startswith('o')]

# Reverse the list of words starting with 'O'

o_words.reverse()

# List to hold the result (with o-words reversed)

result = []
o_index = 0 # Index to track reversed O-words

# Iterate over the original words and build the result

for word in words:
if word.lower().startswith('o') and o_index < len(o_words):
result.append(o_words[o_index])
o_index += 1
else:
result.append(word)

# Join the result into a single string and print

 print(' '.join(result))

except FileNotFoundError:
print(f"Error: The file {filename} does not exist.")

# File name
filename = "Input.txt"
process_file(filename)
OUTPUT
Program8:-Write a Python program which reads the contents of a text
file "BIOPIC.TXT" and displays the content of the file with every
occurrence of the word 'he' replaced by 'she'.
def replace_he_with_she(filename):
try:
# Open the file to read its contents
with open(filename, 'r') as file:
content = file.read()

# Replace occurrences of the word 'he' with 'she' (case-sensitive)

modified_content = content.replace(' he ', ' she ')

# Special cases: Handle 'he.' and 'he,' as part of punctuation

modified_content = modified_content.replace(' he.', ' she.')
modified_content = modified_content.replace(' he,', ' she,')
modified_content = modified_content.replace(' he!', ' she!')
modified_content = modified_content.replace(' he?', ' she?')

# Print the modified content (or write back to the file if needed)
print(modified_content)

except FileNotFoundError:
print(f"Error: The file {filename} does not exist.")

# File name
filename = "BIOPIC.TXT"
replace_he_with_she(filename)
OUTPUT
Program9:- Write a Python program to count and display the number of
lines starting with ‘A’ (Lower/Upper both cases) present in the text file
“Lines.txt”.
def count_lines_starting_with_a(filename):
count = 0
# Open the file in read mode
with open(filename, 'r') as file:
# Loop through each line in the file
for line in file:
# Check if the line starts with 'A' or 'a', considering case-insensitivity
if line.strip().lower().startswith('a'):
count += 1
return count

# Specify the filename

filename = "Lines.txt"

# Get the count of lines starting with 'A' (case-insensitive)

count = count_lines_starting_with_a(filename)

# Display the result

print(f"The number of lines starting with 'A' (case-insensitive) is: {count}")
OUTPUT
Program10:- Write a Python program to count and display the number of
lines that have exactly 5 words in it present in the text file “Story.txt”.
def count_lines_with_five_words(filename):
count = 0
# Open the file in read mode
with open(filename, 'r') as file:
# Loop through each line in the file
for line in file:
# Split the line into words and count the words (ignores extra spaces)
words = line.split()
# Check if the line has exactly 5 words
if len(words) == 5:
count += 1
return count

# Specify the filename

filename = "Story.txt"

# Get the count of lines with exactly 5 words

count = count_lines_with_five_words(filename)

# Display the result

print(f"The number of lines with exactly 5 words is: {count}")
OUTPUT
Program11:- Create a binary file “Student.Dat” with the name and
rollnumber. Search for a given roll number and display the name, if not
found displayappropriate message.
import struct

# Define the structure for each student record

# Name is a string of 50 characters, Roll Number is an integer
student_format = '50s i' # 50 characters (string), 1 integer (roll number)

# Step 1: Create the binary file with student data

def create_student_file(filename):
with open(filename, 'wb') as file:
# Sample student data (name, roll number)
students = [
("Alice", 101),
("Bob", 102),
("Charlie", 103),
("David", 104),
("Eva", 105)
]

# Write each student record to the binary file

for name, roll_number in students:
# Encode the name as bytes and ensure it is 50 characters long
name_encoded = name.encode('utf-8')
name_padded = name_encoded.ljust(50, b'\0') # Padding with null bytes to
make it 50 bytes
# Pack the student record into binary format
student_data = struct.pack(student_format, name_padded, roll_number)
file.write(student_data)
# Step 2: Search for a student by roll number
def search_student_by_roll_number(filename, search_roll_number):
with open(filename, 'rb') as file:
while True:
# Read each record (each student is 54 bytes: 50 bytes for name + 4 bytes
for roll number)
student_data = file.read(struct.calcsize(student_format))
if not student_data:
break # End of file

# Unpack the student data

name, roll_number = struct.unpack(student_format, student_data)
name = name.decode('utf-8').strip('\0') # Decode the name and remove null
bytes

# Check if the roll number matches

if roll_number == search_roll_number:
print(f"Student found: Name: {name}, Roll Number: {roll_number}")
return

# If not found
print(f"Student with roll number {search_roll_number} not found.")

# Main execution
filename = "Student.Dat"
create_student_file(filename) # Create the file and populate with data

# Example: Search for a given roll number

search_roll_number = int(input("Enter the roll number to search: "))
search_student_by_roll_number(filename, search_roll_number)
OUTPUT
Program12:- Create a binary file “Stud.dat” with roll number, name and
marks. Input a roll number and update details. Create a binary file with
roll number, name and marks. Input a roll number and update details.
import struct

# Define the structure of a student record

# 'i' is for roll number (int), '50s' for name (string of 50 characters), 'f' for marks (float)
student_format = 'i 50s f' # Roll number (int), Name (50 char string), Marks (float)

# Step 1: Create the binary file and populate it with student data
def create_student_file(filename):
with open(filename, 'wb') as file:
# Sample student data (roll_number, name, marks)
students = [
(101, "Alice", 85.5),
(102, "Bob", 90.0),
(103, "Charlie", 78.0),
(104, "David", 92.5),
(105, "Eva", 88.5)
]

# Write each student record to the binary file

for roll_number, name, marks in students:
# Encode name to bytes and ensure it's 50 characters long
name_encoded = name.encode('utf-8')
name_padded = name_encoded.ljust(50, b'\0') # Padding with null bytes to
make it 50 bytes
# Pack the student record into binary format
student_data = struct.pack(student_format, roll_number, name_padded,
marks)
file.write(student_data)
# Step 2: Search for a student by roll number and update their details
def update_student_details(filename, search_roll_number, new_name, new_marks):
updated = False
# Read the entire file, then update the specific record
with open(filename, 'r+b') as file: # 'r+b' allows reading and writing in binary mode
while True:
# Read one student record at a time (56 bytes: 4 for roll number, 50 for
name, 4 for marks)
student_data = file.read(struct.calcsize(student_format))
if not student_data:
break # End of file

# Unpack the student record

roll_number, name, marks = struct.unpack(student_format, student_data)
name = name.decode('utf-8').strip('\0') # Remove padding null bytes from the
name

# Check if the roll number matches the search roll number

if roll_number == search_roll_number:
# If found, update the details
print(f"Student found: {name} with roll number {roll_number} and marks
{marks}")
# Encode new name and pad it to 50 characters
new_name_encoded = new_name.encode('utf-8')
new_name_padded = new_name_encoded.ljust(50, b'\0')
# Pack the updated student data
updated_student_data = struct.pack(student_format, roll_number,
new_name_padded, new_marks)
# Move the file pointer to the beginning of the current record
file.seek(-struct.calcsize(student_format), 1) # Move file pointer back to
the current position
 file.write(updated_student_data) # Write the updated record to the file
updated = True
break # Exit after updating the first matching student

if not updated:
print(f"Student with roll number {search_roll_number} not found.")
else:
print(f"Student details updated successfully.")

# Main execution
filename = "Stud.dat"
create_student_file(filename) # Create the file and populate it with student data

# Input: Roll number to search and update details

search_roll_number = int(input("Enter the roll number to update: "))
new_name = input("Enter the new name: ")
new_marks = float(input("Enter the new marks: "))

# Update the student details

update_student_details(filename, search_roll_number, new_name, new_marks)
OUTPUT
Program13:- Write a program using the following functions :
A binary file “Book.dat” has structure [BookNo, Book_Name, Author,
Price].

1. Write a user defined function CreateFile() to input data for a record

and add to Book.dat .

2. Write a function CountRec(Author) in Python which accepts the

Author name as parameter and count and return number of books
by the given

Author are stored in the binary file “Book.dat”

import struct

# Define the structure of a book record

# 'i' for BookNo (integer), '50s' for Book_Name (string of 50 characters),
# '50s' for Author (string of 50 characters), 'f' for Price (float)
book_format = 'i 50s 50s f'

# Step 1: CreateFile function to input book data and add it to "Book.dat"

def CreateFile(filename):
with open(filename, 'ab') as file: # 'ab' for append binary mode
while True:
# Get user input for each book record
try:
book_no = int(input("Enter Book Number (integer): "))
book_name = input("Enter Book Name: ")
author = input("Enter Author Name: ")
price = float(input("Enter Book Price: "))
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input. Please enter the correct data types.")
continue

# Encode the book name and author to bytes and pad them to 50 characters
each
book_name_encoded = book_name.encode('utf-8')
book_name_padded = book_name_encoded.ljust(50, b'\0') # Padding with
null bytes

author_encoded = author.encode('utf-8')
author_padded = author_encoded.ljust(50, b'\0') # Padding with null bytes

# Pack the book record into binary format

 book_data = struct.pack(book_format, book_no, book_name_padded,
author_padded, price)

# Write the packed data to the binary file

file.write(book_data)

# Ask if the user wants to add more records

more = input("Do you want to add another book? (y/n): ").lower()
if more != 'y':
break

# Step 2: CountRec function to count the number of books by a given author

def CountRec(filename, author_name):
count = 0
with open(filename, 'rb') as file: # Open file in binary read mode
while True:
# Read one record (106 bytes: 4 for BookNo, 50 for Book_Name, 50 for
Author, 4 for Price)
book_data = file.read(struct.calcsize(book_format))
if not book_data:
break # End of file

# Unpack the book data

book_no, book_name, author, price = struct.unpack(book_format, book_data)

# Decode the name and author, removing padding

book_name = book_name.decode('utf-8').strip('\0')
author = author.decode('utf-8').strip('\0')

# Check if the author matches the given author name

if author.lower() == author_name.lower():
count += 1

return count

# Main execution
filename = "Book.dat"

# Create the binary file and add records to it

CreateFile(filename)

# Input: Author name to count the books

author_to_search = input("Enter the Author's name to count their books: ")

# Count the books by the given author

book_count = CountRec(filename, author_to_search)

# Display the result

print(f"Number of books by {author_to_search}: {book_count}")
OUTPUT
Program14:- Write a program to perform read and write operation onto a
“student.csv” file having fields as roll number, name, stream and
percentage.
import csv

# Function to write student data into the CSV file

def write_to_csv(filename):
# Open the file in write mode (will overwrite the file if it exists)
with open(filename, mode='w', newline='') as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)

# Write the header (column names)

writer.writerow(['Roll Number', 'Name', 'Stream', 'Percentage'])

while True:
# Take student details as input
try:
roll_number = int(input("Enter Roll Number: "))
name = input("Enter Name: ")
stream = input("Enter Stream (e.g., Science, Arts, Commerce): ")
percentage = float(input("Enter Percentage: "))
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input. Please enter the correct data types.")
continue

# Write the student's data into the CSV file

writer.writerow([roll_number, name, stream, percentage])

# Ask if the user wants to add another student

more = input("Do you want to add another student? (y/n): ").lower()
if more != 'y':
break

# Function to read and display the data from the CSV file
def read_from_csv(filename):
# Open the file in read mode
with open(filename, mode='r') as file:
reader = csv.reader(file)

# Read and display all the rows

print("\nStudent Data from CSV file:")
for row in reader:
print(row)

# Main execution
filename = 'student.csv'

# Write student data to the CSV file

write_to_csv(filename)
# Read and display the data from the CSV file
read_from_csv(filename)
OUTPUT
Program15:- Write a program to copy the data from “Data.csv” to
“Temp.csv”.
import csv

# Function to copy data from 'Data.csv' to 'Temp.csv'

def copy_csv_data(source_filename, destination_filename):
# Open the source CSV file in read mode
with open(source_filename, mode='r') as source_file:
reader = csv.reader(source_file)

# Open the destination CSV file in write mode

with open(destination_filename, mode='w', newline='') as dest_file:
writer = csv.writer(dest_file)

# Copy each row from the source to the destination

for row in reader:
writer.writerow(row)

# Main execution
source_filename = 'Data.csv'
destination_filename = 'Temp.csv'

# Call the function to copy data

copy_csv_data(source_filename, destination_filename)

print(f"Data has been copied from {source_filename} to {destination_filename}")

OUTPUT
Program16:- Write a program to create a library on your name in python
and import it in a program.
# mylibrary.py - A simple library system library
# Function to add a book to the library
def add_book(book_list, title, author, year):
book_list.append({"Title": title, "Author": author, "Year": year})
print(f"Book '{title}' by {author} added successfully!")

# Function to search for a book by title

def search_book(book_list, title):
for book in book_list:
if book["Title"].lower() == title.lower():
return book
return None

# Function to list all books

def list_books(book_list):
if not book_list:
print("No books available in the library.")
return
print("Books in the library:")
for idx, book in enumerate(book_list, 1):
print(f"{idx}. {book['Title']} by {book['Author']} ({book['Year']})")

# Function to remove a book by title

def remove_book(book_list, title):
for book in book_list:
if book["Title"].lower() == title.lower():
book_list.remove(book)
print(f"Book '{title}' removed from the library!")
return
print(f"Book '{title}' not found.")
OUTPUT
Program:-17Write a program which adds any random five even numbers
in a list that falls between the highest and the lowest number. Both
highest and lowest numbers are accepted from the user.
import random

# Function to generate a list of random even numbers

def generate_random_evens(lowest, highest, count=5):
# Adjust the lowest value to the next even number if it's odd
if lowest % 2 != 0:
lowest += 1

# Adjust the highest value to the previous even number if it's odd
if highest % 2 != 0:
highest -= 1

# Generate a list of `count` random even numbers within the range [lowest,
highest]
even_numbers = []
while len(even_numbers) < count:
num = random.randint(lowest, highest)
if num % 2 == 0:
even_numbers.append(num)

return even_numbers

# Main execution
def main():
# Accept the lowest and highest numbers from the user
try:
lowest = int(input("Enter the lowest number: "))
highest = int(input("Enter the highest number: "))

# Ensure the lowest number is less than the highest number

if lowest >= highest:
print("The lowest number must be less than the highest number. Please try
again.")
return

# Generate 5 random even numbers between the lowest and highest values
even_numbers = generate_random_evens(lowest, highest)

# Display the result

print("The list of 5 random even numbers:", even_numbers)

except ValueError:
print("Invalid input! Please enter valid integers.")

# Run the main function

main()
OUTPUT
Program18:- A list contains following record of customer:
[Customer_name, Room_Type]
Write a complete program using the following user defined function to
perform given operations on the stack named 'Hotel':
(a) Push_Cust(): To push customers' names of those who are staying in
'Delux' Room Type.
(b) Pop_Cust(): To pop the names of customers from the stack and
display them. Also display "Underflow" when there are no customers in
the stack.
class Hotel:
def __init__(self):
self.stack = []

# Function to push customer names into the stack who are staying in 'Delux'
Room Type
def Push_Cust(self, customers):
for customer in customers:
name, room_type = customer
if room_type == 'Delux':
self.stack.append(name)
print(f"Customer '{name}' with 'Delux' Room Type added to the stack.")

# Function to pop customer names from the stack and display them
def Pop_Cust(self):
if len(self.stack) == 0:
print("Underflow: No customers in the stack.")
else:
popped_customer = self.stack.pop()
print(f"Customer '{popped_customer}' has been removed from the stack.")

# Main execution
def main():
# Sample customer records: [Customer_name, Room_Type]
customers = [
["Alice", "Delux"],
["Bob", "Standard"],
["Charlie", "Delux"],
["David", "Standard"],
["Eve", "Delux"]
]

# Create the hotel stack

hotel_stack = Hotel()

# Push customers who are staying in 'Delux' Room Type onto the stack
 hotel_stack.Push_Cust(customers)

# Pop customers from the stack

hotel_stack.Pop_Cust() # Pops one customer
hotel_stack.Pop_Cust() # Pops another customer
hotel_stack.Pop_Cust() # Pops another customer
hotel_stack.Pop_Cust() # Pops another customer
hotel_stack.Pop_Cust() # Pops the last customer
hotel_stack.Pop_Cust() # Underflow case (No customers left)

# Run the main function

main()
OUTPUT
Program19:- A school stores records of Class XII students using a list
that contains multiple lists as its elements. The structure of each such
element is [Student_Name, Marks, MainSubject].
Crate a complete program using the user-defined functions to perform
the operations as mentioned below:
(a) Push_student(): To push the Student_Name and Marks of all those
students, who have Science as MainSubject, into a Stack StudentInfo
(b) Pop_student(): To delete all items (one at a time) from the stack
StudentInfo in LIFO order and display them. Also display "Empty Stack"
when there are no items remaining in the stack.
class School:
def __init__(self):
# Initialize the stack as an empty list
self.StudentInfo = []

# Function to push students with Science as MainSubject into the stack

def Push_student(self, student_records):
for record in student_records:
name, marks, main_subject = record
if main_subject == 'Science':
self.StudentInfo.append([name, marks])
print(f"Student '{name}' with marks {marks} added to the stack.")

# Function to pop all student records from the stack and display them
def Pop_student(self):
if len(self.StudentInfo) == 0:
print("Empty Stack: No students to pop.")
else:
while len(self.StudentInfo) > 0:
student = self.StudentInfo.pop()
print(f"Student '{student[0]}' with marks {student[1]} removed from the
stack.")
# Main execution
def main():
# Sample student records: [Student_Name, Marks, MainSubject]
students = [
["Alice", 85, "Science"],
["Bob", 78, "Commerce"],
["Charlie", 92, "Science"],
["David", 88, "Arts"],
["Eve", 95, "Science"]
]

# Create the School object to manage student records

school = School()

# Push students with Science as MainSubject into the stack

school.Push_student(students)

# Pop all student records from the stack

school.Pop_student()

# Try popping again to demonstrate the Empty Stack message

school.Pop_student()

# Run the main function

main()
OUTPUT
Program20:- Write a program to connect Python with MySQL using
database connectivity and perform the following operations on data
in Database: A) Create, B) Insert, C) Fetch, D) Update and E) Delete
the data.
import mysql.connector
from mysql.connector import Error

# Function to connect to MySQL

def create_connection():
try:
connection = mysql.connector.connect(
host='localhost', # MySQL server address (e.g., localhost)
user='root', # MySQL username
password='password', # MySQL password (replace with your actual
password)
database='school_db' # Database name
)
if connection.is_connected():
print("Connection to MySQL database established.")
return connection
except Error as e:
print(f"Error: {e}")
return None

# A) Create Table
def create_table(connection):
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute("""
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS students (
student_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
student_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
student_age INT NOT NULL,
student_grade VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL
 )
""")
connection.commit()
print("Table 'students' created successfully.")

# B) Insert Data into the Table

def insert_student(connection, name, age, grade):
cursor = connection.cursor()
query = "INSERT INTO students (student_name, student_age,
student_grade) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)"
cursor.execute(query, (name, age, grade))
connection.commit()
print(f"Student {name} inserted successfully.")

# C) Fetch Data from the Table

def fetch_students(connection):
cursor = connection.cursor()
query = "SELECT * FROM students"
cursor.execute(query)
records = cursor.fetchall()
print("Students Data:")
for row in records:
print(f"ID: {row[0]}, Name: {row[1]}, Age: {row[2]}, Grade: {row[3]}")

# D) Update Data in the Table

def update_student_grade(connection, student_id, new_grade):
cursor = connection.cursor()
query = "UPDATE students SET student_grade = %s WHERE student_id =
%s"
cursor.execute(query, (new_grade, student_id))
connection.commit()
print(f"Student ID {student_id} updated with new grade {new_grade}.")
# E) Delete Data from the Table
def delete_student(connection, student_id):
cursor = connection.cursor()
query = "DELETE FROM students WHERE student_id = %s"
cursor.execute(query, (student_id,))
connection.commit()
print(f"Student ID {student_id} deleted successfully.")

# Main Execution Function

def main():
# Step 1: Establish MySQL connection
connection = create_connection()
if connection is None:
return

# Step 2: Create Table

create_table(connection)

# Step 3: Insert sample data

insert_student(connection, 'Alice', 20, 'A')
insert_student(connection, 'Bob', 21, 'B')
insert_student(connection, 'Charlie', 22, 'A')

# Step 4: Fetch and display all students

fetch_students(connection)

# Step 5: Update a student's grade

update_student_grade(connection, 1, 'A+') # Update Alice's grade

# Step 6: Fetch and display all students again to see the update
fetch_students(connection)
 # Step 7: Delete a student record
delete_student(connection, 2) # Delete Bob's record

# Step 8: Fetch and display remaining students

fetch_students(connection)

# Close the connection

connection.close()

# Run the program

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
OUTPUT