IE-321L Instrumentation & Control (LAB)

Open Ended Lab

Submitted By: Imaad Ullah Khan Yameen, 21JZIND0187

Essa Khattak, 21JZIND01
Hazrat Zubair, 21JZIND01
Fazyiab Buner, 21JZIND01
Department: Industrial Engineer
Semester 7th / Fall 2024
Submitted To: Engr. Muhammad Fayyaz

University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, Jalozai Campus.

1
Contents
Open Ended Lab ................................................................................................................................................ 3
Objectives: ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction: ....................................................................................................................................................... 3
Arduino: ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Key Components:....................................................................................................................................... 3
Common Uses: ........................................................................................................................................... 3
Working Tools: ................................................................................................................................................... 4
Proteus 8 Professional: ................................................................................................................................... 4
Key Features of Proteus 8 Professional: ........................................................................................................ 4
Benefits of using Proteus 8 Professional: .................................................................................................. 4
Applications of Proteus 8 Professional: ..................................................................................................... 4
Apparatus In Application: .............................................................................................................................. 5
Arduino IDE: ................................................................................................................................................. 5
Working Procedure: ........................................................................................................................................... 6
Data & Observation: .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Arduino IDE Code: ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Results & Discussion: ...................................................................................................................................... 11
Conclusion: ...................................................................................................................................................... 11

2
Open Ended Lab
"Implementing LED On/Off Control in Binary (0 & 1)
Pattern Using Button Input with Arduino Uno R3."

Objectives:
The main objectives of this lab are:

 To study the control of an LED's On/Off state using an Arduino microcontroller and button input.
 To implement a binary (0 & 1) pattern for LED control.
 To understand the interaction between digital input (button) and digital output (LED).

Introduction:
This experiment demonstrates the use of an Arduino microcontroller to control an LED using a button input,
following a binary (0 & 1) pattern. Binary patterns are fundamental in digital systems, representing the
simplest form of signal states—on (1) and off (0). In this experiment, a button serves as the digital input to
toggle the LED state, showcasing the basic functionality of a microcontroller's input-output (I/O) system. This
experiment serves as a foundation for understanding more complex digital systems involving user interaction
and real-time control.

Arduino:
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It's designed for
anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments.

Key Components:
 Hardware: Arduino boards are physical circuit boards containing a microcontroller, which is a
small computer on a chip. These boards have various inputs and outputs, allowing them to interact
with the world around them.
 Software: The Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is a software program used
to write and upload code to the Arduino board. It uses a simplified version of C/C++ for
programming.

Common Uses:
 Robotics: Building robots that can move, sense their environment, and interact with people.
 Home automation: Controlling lights, appliances, and other devices in your home.
 Internet of Things (IoT): Connecting everyday objects to the internet, allowing them to be
controlled remotely or monitored.
 Art and design: Creating interactive art installations and other creative projects.
 Education: Teaching electronics and programming concepts in schools and universities.

3
Working Tools:
Proteus 8 Professional:
Proteus 8 Professional is a powerful electronic design automation (EDA) software suite from Labcenter
Electronics. It's a comprehensive toolset used by engineers, educators, and hobbyists for designing, simulating,
and prototyping electronic circuits.

Key Features of Proteus 8 Professional:

 Schematic Capture (ISIS):
o Create and edit electronic schematics using a vast library of components.
o Hierarchical design for complex circuits.
o Advanced annotation and documentation features.
 PCB Layout (ARES):
o Design and route PCBs with powerful routing algorithms.
o 3D PCB visualization for improved design understanding.
o Extensive library of PCB footprints.
 Microcontroller Simulation:
o Simulate a wide range of microcontrollers with built-in compilers and debuggers.
o Co-simulate hardware and software in real-time.
o Develop and test embedded systems within the software.
 Virtual System Modeling (VSM):
o Simulate entire systems, including hardware, software, and peripherals.
o Test and debug designs before building physical prototypes.
o Analyze system behavior and performance.
 Mixed-Mode Simulation:
o Simulate both analog and digital circuits within the same environment.
o Analyze the interaction between different parts of your design.
 Extensive Component Libraries:
o Access a vast library of components, including passive components, active components,
microcontrollers, and more.
o Easily find and add components to your designs.

Benefits of using Proteus 8 Professional:

 Reduced Development Time: Simulate and test designs virtually, reducing the need for expensive
and time-consuming physical prototypes.
 Improved Design Quality: Identify and debug design issues early in the development process,
leading to more reliable and robust products.
 Increased Productivity: Streamline the design process with powerful tools for schematic capture,
PCB layout, and simulation.
 Enhanced Collaboration: Share designs and collaborate with other team members effectively.
 Cost-Effectiveness: Reduce development costs by minimizing the need for physical prototypes
and reducing the risk of design errors.

Applications of Proteus 8 Professional:

 Education: Teaching electronics and embedded systems design in universities and colleges.
 Research and Development: Designing and prototyping new electronic circuits and systems.

4
  Industrial Design: Developing and manufacturing electronic products for a wide range of
industries.
 Hobbyists: Designing and building electronic projects, such as robots, sensors, and other gadgets.

Figure 1,Proteus GUI.

Apparatus In Application:
a. Arduino Uno R3 (virtual component in Proteus)
b. 36 LEDs (virtual component in Proteus)
c. 2 Buttons
d. DC in (5V) and ground
e. Connecting wires (virtual components)

Arduino IDE:
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino Software (IDE) - contains a text editor for
writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions and a series of
menus. It connects to the Arduino hardware to upload programs and communicate with them.
Arduino Ide has the following main components:

 Sketchbook
 Serial monitor
 Libraries
 Compilers
 Uploading/Programming
 Board Supports
 Tools

5
 Figure 2,Arduino IDE.

Working Procedure:
 Software Setup:
o Open Proteus 8 Professional and create a new project.
o From the component library, select and place the following components on the workspace:
 Arduino Uno
 LEDs
 Buttons
 Ground (GND) and VCC (if required for the simulation setup).

Figure 3,Library Option.

6
 Circuit Design in Proteus:
o Connect Three LEDs in parallel so that each have common Ground & VCC.
o Connect the anode of the LEDs to one end to a digital output pin (Pin 2) and the cathode to the
ground (GND) pin on the Arduino.
o Do the same for rest of LEDS (36 LEDs, 6 Connection (Pin 2 – 7)).
o Connect one terminal of the push button to the 5V pin on the Arduino and the other terminal to a
digital input pin (Pin 10). Do the same for second button but select Pin 11.
o Verify all connections and ensure the circuit design is error-free.

Figure 4,diagram In Proteus.

 Code Implementation:
o Open Arduino Ide and Start New Sketch.
o Write a code by including the basic Arduino Library, then declaring the pins for output and input.
o Then in setup write code for testing and initiating the program.
o And in the loop write the code as follows,
 Declare Input Pin 10 to be button 1 and Pin 11 to be button 2.
 then write,
 If button 1 is pressed so, power output to LED Pin output 2 and 3
 If button 2 is pressed so, power output to LED Pin output 2 – 7
 Else all output is 0.
 Delay 250 milliseconds.
o Save and compile the code to Proteus using the Arduino IDE.

7
 Figure 5,Code In Arduino IDE

 Uploading Code to Proteus:

o Double-click the Arduino Uno R3 in Proteus to open its properties.
o Upload the compiled .hex file to the Arduino Uno in Proteus.
o Close the properties dialog box.

Figure 6,Component Dialogue Menu.

8
 Simulation:
o Run the simulation in Proteus.
o Press the Buttons and observe changes in the LEDs in real-time.

Data & Observation:

Figure 7,No Button Is Pressed.

Figure 8, Button 1 is Pressed.

9
 Figure 9, Button 2 is pressed.

Arduino IDE Code:

#include <Arduino.h>
const int numLEDs = 6; // LEDs connected to pins 2-7
// Define button pins (Digital input pins)
const int buttonPins[] = {10, 11}; // Digital pins 1 and 2 for buttons
const int ledPins[] = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};// Define LED pins
void setup() { // Initialize LED pins as outputs and test them
for (int i = 0; i < numLEDs; i++) {pinMode(ledPins[i], OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(ledPins[i], HIGH); // Turn LEDs on for testing
delay(250); digitalWrite(ledPins[i], LOW); // Turn LEDs off after testing
} // Initialize button pins as inputs
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {pinMode(buttonPins[i], INPUT); } }
void loop() { // Read the states of the buttons
bool button1State = digitalRead(buttonPins[0]); // Read digital pin 1
bool button2State = digitalRead(buttonPins[1]); // Read digital pin 2
// If button 1 (digital pin 1) is pressed
if (button1State == HIGH) { digitalWrite(ledPins[0], HIGH); // Turn on LED on pin 3
digitalWrite(ledPins[1], HIGH); // Turn on LED on pin 4
} else { digitalWrite(ledPins[0], LOW); // Turn off LED on pin 3

10
 digitalWrite(ledPins[1], LOW); // Turn off LED on pin 4}
// If button 2 (digital pin 2) is pressed
if (button2State == HIGH) { for (int i = 0; i < numLEDs; i++) {digitalWrite(ledPins[i], HIGH);
} } else {for (int i = 0; i < numLEDs; i++) {digitalWrite(ledPins[i], LOW); // Turn all LEDs off
} } delay(250); // Short delay for stability}

Results & Discussion:

So, in this lab, The simulation demonstrated LEDs On/Off control using Buttons and programming in Proteus
8 Professional. The LEDs on/off values varies with the button input signal values.
Key Observations:

 Button 1 Control:
o When button 1 (connected to digital pin 10) is pressed (HIGH), it will turn on the first two LEDs
(connected to pins 2 and 3).
o When button 1 is released (LOW), these two LEDs will turn off.
 Button 2 Control:
o When button 2 (connected to digital pin 11) is pressed (HIGH), all six LEDs will turn on.
o When button 2 is released (LOW), all six LEDs will turn off.
Detailed View:

 Initialization:
o The code begins by defining the number of LEDs and their respective pins.
o It also defines the pins for the two buttons.
o In the setup() function, the LED pins are initialized as outputs, and a brief test sequence is
performed to verify their functionality.
o The button pins are initialized as inputs.
 Button Handling:
o In the loop() function, the code continuously reads the states of both buttons.
o If button 1 is pressed, it turns on the first two LEDs.
o If button 2 is pressed, it turns on all six LEDs.
o When either button is released, the corresponding LEDs are turned off.
 Delay:
o A short delay (250 milliseconds) is introduced at the end of the loop() function to provide some
stability and prevent rapid switching of the LED states.

Conclusion:
So, it is concluded that, This Arduino code demonstrates basic button-controlled LED illumination,
showcasing fundamental digital I/O principles. Two buttons independently control two lighting scenarios: the
first button activates two LEDs, while the second illuminates all six. This experiment provided valuable hands-
on experience with the Arduino platform, including pin initialization, digital input/output operations, and basic
coding. The acquired skills are applicable to various projects, such as home automation, robotics, and
interactive installations, laying a strong foundation for further exploration in the field of electronics and
embedded systems.

11