CHAPTER-8

INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY

𝑺𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒕𝒐 ∠𝑨 𝑩𝑪
sine of  A = =
𝑯𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝑨𝑪

𝑺𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒐 ∠𝑨 𝑨𝑩
cosine of  A = =
𝑯𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝑨𝑪

𝑺𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒕𝒐 ∠𝑨 𝑩𝑪
tangent of  A = =
𝑺𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒐 ∠𝑨 𝑨𝑩

𝟏 𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝑨𝑪
cosecant of  A = = = 𝑩𝑪
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒇 ∠𝑨 𝑺𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒕𝒐 ∠𝑨

𝟏 𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝑨𝑪
 secant of  A =
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒇 ∠𝑨
= = 𝑨𝑩
𝑺𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒐 ∠𝑨

𝟏 𝑺𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒐 ∠𝑨 𝑨𝑩
 cotangent of  A = = =
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 ∠𝑨 𝑺𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒕𝒐 ∠𝑨 𝑩𝑪

REMEMBER-The position of sides changes when you consider angle C in place of A.

The ratios defined above are abbreviated as sin A, cos A, tan A, cosec A, sec A and cot A respectively.
So, the trigonometric ratios of an acute angle in a right triangle express the relationship between the angle
and the length of its sides.
*********************************************IMPORTANT FACTS: ******************************************

1. The symbol sin A is used as an abbreviation for ‘the sine of the angle A’. sin A is not the product
of ‘sin’ and A. ‘sin’ separated from A has no meaning. Similarly, cos A is not the product of ‘cos’
and A. Similar interpretations follow for other trigonometric ratios also.

2. The values of the trigonometric ratios of an angle do not vary with the lengths of the sides of the
triangle, if the angle remains the same.
3. Since the hypotenuse is the longest side in a right triangle, the value of sin A or cos A is always
less than 1 (or, in particular, equal to 1).
4. Trigonometric ratios table.

5. Remark : From the table above you can observe that as  A increases from 0° to 90°, sin A
increases from 0 to 1 and cos A decreases from 1 to 0.

6. In given  ABC, right-angled at B.

Trigonometric Identities:
(1) sin2A + cos2A = 1

(2) sec2A+1 = tan2A

(3) cot2 A + 1 = cosec2 A

 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨
7. cosec A = 8. sec A = 9. cot A = 10. tan A =
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑨 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑨

𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨
11. cot A = 12. sinA × cosecA = 1 13. tanA × cotA = 1
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨
14. √𝒂𝟐 = a

MCQ Questions (01 Mark)

4
(1) If tanA = 3, then what is the value of cosA.
(a) 3/5 (b) 4/5 (c) 3/4 (d) None of these
3
(2) If sin A = 4, calculate cos A and tan A respectively.
√7 3
(a) 3/7,7/4 (b) 3/√7 , √7/4 (c) 7/4,3/7 (d) ,
4, √7

(3) Given 15 cot A = 8, find sin A.

(a) 8/17 (b) 14/17 (c) 15/17 (d) 17/8

7 (1+sin 𝜃)(1−sin 𝜃)
(4) If cot 𝜃 = , then find the value of
8 (1+cos 𝜃)(1−cos 𝜃)

(a) 35/64 (b) 64/35 (c) 64/49 (d) 49/64

1
(5) If sin A = , then sin2A + cos2A =
2
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) √3

(6) In a ∆ABC, right angled at B,if AB= 12 and BC=5. Find tan A.

(a) 5/12 (b) 5/13 (c) 12/13 (d) 13/5

(7) If tan A =1 and tan B = √3.The value of cos A .cos B – sin A.sin B.

2−√3 1−√3 2−√3 1−√3

(a) (b) (c) (d)
2√3 2 √3 2 √2 2√2

5 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴
(8) If sec A = , evaluate
4 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴
(a) 2/5 (b) 1/7 (c) 1/5 (d) 2/3

(9) If sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 = 𝑥 ,then sec 𝜃

𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 −1 𝑥 2 −1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥 𝑥

(10) cos4A – sin4A =

(a) 2cos2A +1 (b) 2cos2A -1 (c) 2sin2A -1 (d) 2sin2A +1

 Very Short Answer Type Questions (02 Marks)

8
(1) If cot 𝜃 = , find sin 𝜃 and sec 𝜃.
15
3
(2) If sin A = calculate cos A and tan A.
4
13
(3) If sec 𝜃 = , find cosec 𝜃 and cot 𝜃.
12
1 1
(4) If sin (A – B) = ,cos (A + B) = ,0° < A + B  90°, A > B, find A and B.
2 2
7 (1+sin 𝜃)(1−sin 𝜃)
(5) If cot 𝜃 = , then find the value of
8 (1+cos 𝜃)(1−cos 𝜃)
(6) If ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝐶, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 cos(𝐴 + 𝐵)

(7) Express cosA in terms of sinA.

1
(8) If tan (A + B) =√3 and tan (A – B) = ; 0° < A + B  90°; A > B, find A and B.
√3
(9) Evaluate: 2 tan 45° + cos 30° – sin 60°
2 2 2

(10) In  PQR, right-angled at Q , PQ = 3 cm and PR = 6 cm. Determine  QPR and  PRQ.

Short Answer Type Questions (03 Marks)

1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
(1) Prove that √ = secA + tanA
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
(2) Prove that √ = cosecA + cotA
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
(3) Prove that tan2A – sin2A = tan2Asin2A

(4) Prove that Prove that sec A (1 – sin A)(sec A + tan A) = 1.

(5) Prove that (sec4𝜃 −sec2𝜃) = (tan2𝜃 + tan4𝜃)

4
(6) Given tan A = , find the other trigonometric ratios of the angle A.
3

(7) In  OPQ, right-angled at P, OP = 7 cm and OQ – PQ = 1 cm.Determine the values of sin Q and cos Q.

(8) In  ABC, right-angled at B, AB = 24 cm, BC = 7 cm. Determine :

(i) sin A, cos A
(ii) sin C, cos C
 Long Answer Type Questions: (5 Marks)
2
(1) (sin A + cosec A) + (cos A + sec A)2 = 7 + tan2 A + cot2 A

𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴
(2) + = sec A .cosec A +1
1−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴 −1
(3) Prove that = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴 +1
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴+1 1
(4) Prove that = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴−1

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴+1
(5) Prove that = cosec A +cos A
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴−1

𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+1
(6) Prove that √ +√ = 2cosecA
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−1
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴+𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
(7) Prove that =
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴− 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+1 1− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴

1 1 1 1
(8) Prove that − = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴

(9) If tan𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑛, 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 (m2 –n2) = 4√𝑚𝑛

1 1 1 1
(10) Prove that − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴
 CASE BASED STUDY QUESTIONS (4 Marks)

(1) Triangular Roof Top of House

Rahul and his father go to meet his friend Virat for a party. When they reached to Virat’s place,
Rahul saw the roof of the house, which is triangular in shape. If he imagined the dimensions of the
roof as given in the figure, then answer the following questions.

(1) If D is the midpoint of AC, then BD=

(a)2m (b) 3m (c) 3m (d) 6m

(2) Measure of ∠𝐴 =
(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 45° (d) None of these

(3) Measure of ∠𝐶 =
(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 45° (d) None of these

(4) Find the value of sinA + cos C.

1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d) √2
√2

(5) Find the value of tan2C+ tan2A.

1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 2
 (2) Two Flights
Two Aeroplanes leaves an airport, one after the others. After moving on runway, one flies due
north and other flies due south. The speed of two aeroplanes is 400km/h and 500 km/h
respectively. Considering PQ as runway and A and B are any two points in the path followed by
two planes, then answer the following questions.

(1) Find tan𝜃,If ∠𝐴𝑃𝑄 = 𝜃.

1 1 √3 3
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d)
√2 2 4

(2) Find cotB

3 15 3 15
(a) 4 (b) (c) (d)
4 8 8

.(3) Find tan A

4 2
(a) 2 (b) √2 (c) (d)
3 √3

(4) Find sec A

2 4 5
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3

(5) Find cosec B.

17 12 5 8
(a) (b) (c) (d)
8 5 12 17
(3) Sandwich Making
Roshni’s son is feeling so hungry and so thought to eat something. He looked into the fridge and
found some bread pieces. He decided to make a sandwich. He cut the piece of bread diagonally
and found that it forms a right angled triangle ,with side 4 cm ,4√3 cm and 8 cm.

On the basis of above information, answer the following questions.

(1) The value of ∠𝑀

(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 45° (d) None of these

(2) The value of ∠𝐾

(a) 45° (b) 30° (c) 60° (d) None of these

.(3) Find the value of tan M

1
(a) √3 (b) (c) 1 (d) None of these
√3

(4) sec2M -1 =
(a) tan M (b) tan2M (c) tan2M (d) None of these

(5) The value of tan245° +3

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) None of these
SOLUTION:
MCQ Questions (01 Mark)
Q.1 a
Q.2 d
Q.3 c
Q.4 d
Q.5 b
Q.6 a
Q.7 d
Q.8 b
Q.9 d
Q.10 b

Very Short Answer Type Questions (02 Marks)

8 𝐵
Q.1 If cot 𝜃 = = ,then H= 17
15 𝑃
𝑷 𝟏𝟓 𝑯 𝟏𝟕
sin 𝜽 = = and sec 𝜽 =
𝑩
=
𝑯 𝟏𝟕 𝟖
3 𝑃
Q.2 If sin A = = ,then B= √7
4 𝐻
𝑩 √𝟕 𝑷 𝟑
cos A = = and tan A = =
𝑯 𝟒 𝑩 √𝟕
𝐻 13
Q.3 If sec 𝜃 = = , then P= 5
𝐵 12
𝑯 𝟏𝟑 𝑩 𝟏𝟐
cosec 𝜽 = = and cot 𝜽 = =
𝑷 𝟓 𝑷 𝟓
1
Q.4 If sin (A – B) = = sin30° so (A-B)= 30°------------(1)
2
1
cos (A + B) = = cos60° so (A+B) =60° -----------(2)
2
From eq.(1) and (2),we get A= 45° and B= 15°

7 (1+sin 𝜃)(1−sin 𝜃) 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 𝟒𝟗

Q.5 If cot 𝜃 = , then = = = 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝜽 =
8 (1+cos 𝜃)(1−cos 𝜃) 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 𝟔𝟒
Q.6 If ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝐶, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝑨 + 𝑩) = cos 90°= 0

Q.7 cosA = √𝟏 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝑨

1
Q.8 S If tan (A + B) =√3 = tan60° and tan (A – B) = = tan 30°
√3
(A + B) = 60° -------------------(1)
(A – B) = 30°-------------------(2)
From eq.(1) and (2),we get A= 45° and B= 15°

√3 √3
Q.9 2 tan2 45° + cos2 30° – sin2 60° = 2(1)2 +( )2 − ( )2 = 2
2 2
Q.10 In  PQR, right-angled at Q , PQ = 3 cm and PR = 6 cm. Determine  QPR and  PRQ.
In  PQR, right-angled at Q
QR= √62 − 32 = √27 = 3√3

𝑷 𝟑√𝟑 √𝟑
sin P= 𝑯 = = = sin 60° therefore  QPR = 60°
𝟔 𝟐

𝑷 𝟑 𝟏
sin R= 𝑯 = = 𝟐 = sin 30° therefore  PRQ.= 30°
𝟔

Short Answer Type Questions (03 Marks)

1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
Q.1 Prove that √ = sec A + tan A
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴

1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 1+sin 𝐴 1 sin 𝐴

LHS √ = √ × = = + = sec A + tan A=RHS
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
Q.2 Prove that √ = cosec A + cot A
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴

1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 1+cos 𝐴 1 cos 𝐴

LHS √ =√ × = = + = cosec A + cot A =RHS
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴

Q.3 Prove that tan2A – sin2A = tan2Asin2A

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 2
LHS tan2A – sin2A = ( − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 (1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴
) = tan2Asin2A = RHS
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝐴

Q.4 Prove that Prove that sec A (1 – sin A) (sec A + tan A) = 1.

LHS sec A (1 – sin A) (sec A + tan A)

1 1 sin 𝐴 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝐴
(1- sin A)(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 + cos 𝐴 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝐴
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝐴 = 1 = RHS
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴

Q.5 Prove that (sec4𝜃 −sec2𝜃) = tan2𝜃 + tan4𝜃

LHS (sec4𝜃 −sec2𝜃) = sec2𝜃(sec2𝜃 − 1) = (1+ tan2𝜃) (1+ tan2𝜃 −1)

= tan2𝜃 + tan4𝜃 = RHS

4 𝑃
Q.6 Given tan A = = 𝐵 ,then H = 5
3
𝑃 4 𝐵 3 𝐵 3
sin A = = cos A = = cot A = =
𝐻 5 𝐻 5 𝑃 4

𝐻 5 𝐻 5
sec A = = cosec A = =
𝐵 3 𝑃 4

Q.7 In  OPQ, right-angled at P, OP = 7 cm and OQ – PQ = 1 cm.

(OQ)2 = (OP)2 + (PQ)2
(OQ)2 − (PQ)2 = (OP)2
 OQ +PQ = 49
So OQ = 25 and PQ = 24

𝑃 7 𝐵 24
sin Q = = and cos Q = =
𝐻 25 𝐻 25

Q.8 In  ABC, right-angled at B, AB = 24 cm, BC = 7 cm.

By Pythag. theorem AC= 25 cm

𝑃 7 𝐵 24
(i) sin A = = and cos A = =
𝐻 25 𝐻 25
𝑃 24 𝐵 7
(ii) sin C = = and cos C = =
𝐻 25 𝐻 25

Long Answer Type Questions: (5 Marks)

2
Q.1 (sin A + cosec A) + (cos A + sec A)2 = 7 + tan2 A + cot2 A
LHS
(sin2A + cosec2A+2sinA.cosecA) + (cos2A + sec2A+2cosA.secA)

= (sin2A + cos2A +1+ cot2A +2 + 1+ tan2A +2)

= 7 + tan2 A + cot2 A = RHS

𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴
(2) +
1−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴
LHS
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨/𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑨/𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝑨−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝑨+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝑨+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨
+ = =
𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨/𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 𝟏−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨/𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨(𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨) 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨.𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨
𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨.𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨
= + = sec A .cosec A +1 = RHS
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨.𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨.𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨

𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
Q.3 Prove that
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴+1 1
Q.4 Prove that = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴−1

−1 1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃−𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = RHS

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴+1
Q.5 Prove that = cosec A +cos A
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴−1
Do yourself like as Q.3

𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+1
Q.6 Prove that √ +√ = 2cosecA
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−1
HINT (Rationalise LHS and solve)

𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴+𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
Q.7 Prove that =
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴− 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+1 1− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴

tan A+ sec A – (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴) sec A) (𝟏−𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴+𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴)

LHS 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴− 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+1 = (tan A+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴− 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+1 = tan A +sec A
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 1 1+sin 𝐴 1−sin 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 = × 1−sin 𝐴 = cos 𝐴(1−sin 𝐴)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
= 1− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 = RHS
1 1 1 1
Q.8 Prove that − = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
1 1 1 1
+ =
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 = 2 sec A
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴
LHS
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴+𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴
(sec 𝐴−tan 𝐴)(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴)
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 = 2sec A = RHS

Q.9 If tan𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑛, 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 (m2 –n2) = 4√𝑚𝑛
HINT:(Take LHS and RHS separately)
 1 1 1 1
Q.10 Prove that − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴
Do yourself as like Q.8

CASE BASED STUDY QUESTIONS (4 Marks)

(1) Triangular Roof Top of House

(1) d (2) c (3) c (4) d (5) c

(2) Two Flights

(1) d (2) d (3) c (4) d (5) a

(3) Sandwich Making

(1) a (2) c (3) b (4) c (5) d

( For Practice Test)

(1) Prove that (sin A + cosec A)2 + (cos A + sec A)2 = 7 + tan2 A + cot2 A

𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴
(2) Prove that + = sec A .cosec A +1
1−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴 −1
(3) Prove that = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴 +1
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴+1 1
(4) Prove that = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴−1

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴+1
(5) Prove that = cosec A +cos A
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴−1

𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+1
(6) Prove that √ +√ = 2cosecA
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−1
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴+𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
(7) Prove that =
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴− 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+1 1− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴

1 1 1 1
(8) Prove that − = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴

(9) If tan𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑛, 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 (m2 –n2) = 4√𝑚𝑛
 1 1 1 1
(10) Prove that − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
(11) Prove that √ = secA + tanA
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
(12) Prove that √ = cosecA + cotA
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
(13) Prove that tan2A – sin2A = tan2Asin2A

(14) Prove that Prove that sec A (1 – sin A)(sec A + tan A) = 1.

(15) Prove that (sec4𝜃 −sec2𝜃) = (tan2𝜃 + tan4𝜃)

4
(16) Given tan A = , find the other trigonometric ratios of the angle A.
3
13
(17) If sec 𝜃 = , find cosec 𝜃 and cot 𝜃.
12
1 1
(18) If sin (A – B) = ,cos (A + B) = ,0° < A + B  90°, A > B, find A and B.
2 2
7 (1+sin 𝜃)(1−sin 𝜃)
(19) If cot 𝜃 = , then find the value of
8 (1+cos 𝜃)(1−cos 𝜃)
(20) If ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝐶, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 cos(𝐴 + 𝐵)

(21) Express cosA in terms of sinA.

1
(22) If tan (A + B) =√3 and tan (A – B) = ; 0° < A + B  90°; A > B, find A and B.
√3

(23) If tan A =1 and tan B = √3.The value of cos A .cos B – sin A.sin B.

2−√3 1−√3 2−√3 1−√3

(a) (b) (c) (d)
2√3 2 √3 2 √2 2√2

5 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴
(24) If sec A = , evaluate
4 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴
(a) 2/5 (b) 1/7 (c) 1/5 (d) 2/3

(25) If sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 = 𝑥 ,then sec 𝜃

𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 −1 𝑥 2 −1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥 𝑥

(26) cos4A – sin4A =

(a) 2cos2A +1 (b) 2cos2A -1 (c) 2sin2A -1 (d) 2sin2A +1