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Some Properties and Functions of The Cell

The document outlines the first term biology curriculum for SS 1, focusing on cellular respiration, including its types (aerobic and anaerobic) and mechanisms (glycolysis and Kreb's cycle). It details the processes involved in energy production from glucose, highlighting the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, as well as the stages of cellular respiration. Additionally, it includes evaluations, general evaluations, reading assignments, and weekend assignments related to the topic.

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Adeyemi Adesope
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19 views3 pages

Some Properties and Functions of The Cell

The document outlines the first term biology curriculum for SS 1, focusing on cellular respiration, including its types (aerobic and anaerobic) and mechanisms (glycolysis and Kreb's cycle). It details the processes involved in energy production from glucose, highlighting the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, as well as the stages of cellular respiration. Additionally, it includes evaluations, general evaluations, reading assignments, and weekend assignments related to the topic.

Uploaded by

Adeyemi Adesope
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TERM: FIRST TERM

SUBJECT: BIOLOGY
CLASS: SS 1

REFERENCES
• Modern Biology for Senior Secondary Schools by S.T. Ramlingam
• Essential Biology by M.C Michael
• New Biology by H. Stone and Cozen
• SSCE, Past Questions and Answers
• New System Biology by Lam and Kwan
• College Biology by IdodoUmeh
• UTME, SSCE and CAMBRIDGE Past Questions and Answers
• Biology Practical Text

WEEK SEVEN
SOME PROPERTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE CELL
CONTENT
• Cellular respiration
• Mechanism of cellular respiration

CELLULAR (INTERNAL/TISSUE) RESPIRATION


The oxidation of glucose in the cell to release energy is known as cellular respiration and it
occurs in the mitochondria of all living cells. There are two types of cellular respiration i.e.
aerobic and anaerobic respiration

AEROBIC RESPIRATION
When cellular respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen is known as aerobic
respiration. The largest amount of ATP possible is generated through it from one molecule
of glucose with the release of carbon (iv) oxide and water as by product.
C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
In some organisms such as bacteria, fungi and endoparasites, the cells gets energy from
breaking down glucose in the absence of oxygen this is known as anaerobic respiration. In
this type of respiration, lesser amount of ATP is produced. The pyruvic acid produced is
converted to alcohol in plants (alcoholic fermentation) while in animals, lactic acid is
produced which leads to muscle fatigue in athletes

In plants
C6 H12 O6 CH2COCOOH C2H5OH + CO2
+ 2ATP

In animals
C6 H12 O6 CH2COCOOH CH2 CHOHCOOH + CO2 + 2ATP

EVALUATION
1. What is internal respiration?
2. Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

MECHANISM OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION


Cellular respiration involve two main stages
1. Glycolysis: this occurs in the cytoplasm of the cells. First the glucose molecule is
phosphorylated by the addition of a phosphate group to the glucose to become
glucose-6-phosphate which is carried out by an enzyme known as hexose kinase.
There are ten steps in this pathway that leads to the breakdown of One molecule of 6 –
carbon into two molecules of the 3 carbon pyruvic acid by the enzymes in the
cytoplasm. This process does not require oxygen. Glycolysis takes place in the
cytoplasm. At the end of the pathway, 2 ATP is used to produce 4 ATP (2 ATPs from
each pyruvate) so that a net energy of 2 ATP is generated in glycolysis, this is called
“substrate level phosphorylation”.

1. Kreb’s cycle (also known as citric acid cycle CAC or Tricarboxylic acid cycle TCA):
Here, each pyruvic acid is further oxidized completely to carbon dioxide and water in
the mitochondria. The pyruvic acid from the glycolysis is coverted to acetic acid
through the removal of one molecule of CO2. The acetic is carried into the kreb’s cycle
by co enzyme A. The combination of acetic acid and co enzyme A forms acetyl-coA.
Acetyl-coA combines with oxaloacetatic acid to form citric acid which is an important
started of the kreb’s cycle. Kreb’s cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondrion.
Most of the ATP is generated in the cycle. The oxidation process in kreb’s cycle leads to
the production of 36 ATPs (18 ATP from each pyruvate). The process used in the
production of ATP in kreb’s cycle is called Oxidative phosphorylation. A total of 38 ATP
is generated from the aerobic breakdown of glucose. The kreb’s cycle is particularly
important because it is key pathway that connects protein, fats and carbohydrates.

EVALUATION
Differentiate between glycolysis and kreb’s cycle

GENERAL EVALUATION
1. Differentiate between micro and macro elements
2. State four importance of macro elements in plants
3. Differentiate between external and internal respiration
4. Explain briefly ‘the Kreb’s cycle
5. What do you understand by (a) muscle fatigue (b) oxygen debt

READING ASSIGNMENT
College Biology, chapter 6, page 92 – 93

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. The organelle involved in tissue respiration is the A. endoplasmic reticulum B. golgi
body C. mitochondrion D. ribosome
2. In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvic acid produced during glycolysis is converted to
CO2 and A. water B. glycerol C. ethanol D. citric acid
3. Glycolysis takes place in A. lysosome B. Mitochondrion C. Nucleus D. ribosome
4. The starting substance in kreb’s cycle is A. Citric acid B. Acetic acid C. oxalic acid D.
Malic acid
5. A total of __ ATP is produced from one glucose during aerobic respiration A. 34 B. 36
C. 38 D.40

THEORY
1. In a tabular form, differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
2. State three importance of alcoholic fermentation

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