II PUC – Computer science Important Questions with Answers - 2024

BASIC CONCEPTS OF OOP [ 2 + 5 = 7 marks ]

1. What do you mean by OOP? - 2 marks

Object oriented programming is the principle of design and development of programs using modular approach.

2. Explain the OOP concepts OR Explain the characteristics of OOP - 5 marks

Object: An object is a collection of member data and associated member function or methods.
Class: A class is a way of grouping object having similar characteristics. A class is a template from which object are
created.
Data Abstraction: Abstraction is the process of representing essential features without including background details.
Data Encapsulation: Wrapping up of data and functions into one single unit called class is data encapsulation.
Inheritance: The objects of one class acquire the properties of another class through inheritance.
Overloading:Overloading allows objects to have different meaning depending upon context. Operator overloading and
Function overloading
Polymorphism: The ability of an operator and function to take multiple forms is known as polymorphism.
Dynamic Binding: Dynamic binding is a process of linking procedure call to function at runtime.
Message passing: In OOP, Object may communicate with each other through message passing

3. Explain advantages of OOPS. - 5 marks

1) The programs are modularized into classes and objects
2) Data is encapsulated along with function. Therefore cannot be accessed by non member function thus providing
data security
3) Object may communicate with each other through message passing
4) Linking code and object allows related objects to share common code. This reduces code duplication and code
reusability
5) Easier to develop complex software, because complexity can be minimized through inheritance.
6) Creation and implementation of OOP code is easy and reduces software development time

4. Write the difference between procedural programming and object oriented programming. – 5 marks
OR
Mention any 5 advantages of object oriented programming over procedural programming.

Object Oriented Programming Language Procedural Programming Language

1) The programs are modularized into classes and objects 1) Large programs are divided into smaller programs known
2) Data is encapsulated along with function.Therefore as functions.
cannot be accessed by non member function thus 2) Data is not hidden and can be accessed by external
providing data security functions.
3) Object may communicate with each other through 3) Data communicate with each other through functions.
message passing.
4) Follows bottom up approach in the program design 4) Follows top down approach in the program design
5) Emphasize is on data rather than procedure 5) Emphasize is on procedure rather than data

5. Write the disadvantages of object oriented programming. – 5 marks

1. Object oriented programming software development, debugging and testing tools are not standardized.
2. The adaptability of flowcharts and object oriented programming using classes and objects is a complex process
3. To convert a real world problem in to an object oriented model is difficult.
4. The classes are overly generalized
6. Write the applications of object oriented programming. – 5 marks
1. CAD / CAM software 5. Real time systems
2. Object oriented database 6. Simulation and modeling
3. Computer graphic applications 7. Artificial intelligence and expert systems
4. User interface design such as windows 8. Hypertext, hyper media
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 CLASSES AND OBJECTS – [ 1 + 5 = 6 marks ]

1 mark questions – [ Convert to MCQ ]

1. What are the two types of members referenced in a class?

Data members and member function
2. What are data members?
The variables declared inside a class are called as data members which describes the characteristics of a class
3. What is member function?
Member functions are the set of operations that are performed on the objects of the class.
4. What is a class?
A class is a way of grouping object having similar characteristics. A class is a template from which object are created.

5. What is an object?
An object is a collection of member data and associated member function

6. Mention the different access specifiers used in a class

Private, Public and Protected
7. Which type data members are accessible outside a class?
public data members can be accessed outside a class
8. Which access specifier is implicitly (default) used in a class?
private
9. Mention the operator used to access members of a class.
dot operator (.)
10. What is significance of scope resolution operator
The scope resolution operator (::) identifies the function as a member of particular class.

[ 5 marks questions ]
1. Explain class definition and class declaration with syntax and example.

A class definition is a process of naming data members and member functions of the class.
The general syntax for defining a class is as follows:

class user_defined_name
{
private:
member data
member functions
protected:
member data
member functions
public:
member data
member functions
};

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 Example :
class Date
{
private:
int day;
int month;
int year;
public:
void inputdate();
void displaydate();
};
A class declaration specifies the representation of objects of the class and set of operations.
Syntax:
class user_defined_name
{
private: //members
public: //methods
};
user_defined_name object1, object2,.....;
Example : Date D1, D2;

2. Explain defining object of a class with syntax and programming example.

Object defining is the representation of objects of the class and set of operations.
Syntax:
class user_defined_name
{
private: //members
public: //methods
};
user_defined_name object1, object2,.....;

Example : Date D1, D2;

Program to compute simple Interest and to display the result.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<iomanip.h>
#include<conio.h>
class interest
{
private:
double p, t, r, si;
public:
void getdata( );
void compute( );
void putdata( );
};
void interest::getdata( )
{
cout<<"Enter principal amount, time and rate"<<endl;
cin>>p>>t>>r;
}

Department of Computer Science - SCPUC 3

 void interest::putdata( )
{
cout<<"Simple Interest:"<<si;
}
void interest::compute( )
{
si = (p*t*r)/100;
}
void main( )
{
interest s;
clrscr( );
cout<<setprecision(2);
s.getdata( );
s.compute( );
s.putdata( );
getch();
}

3. What are access specifier? Explain different access specifier with example.
Access specifiers define the scope of data . Access specifier help in controlling the access of data members.
There are three types of access specifier namely private, public and protected.
i) private : private access means a member data can only be accessed by the member function. Members
declared under private are accessible only within the class. If no access specifier is mentioned, then by default,
members are private.
Ex:
class Date
{
private:
int day;
int month;
……….
};
ii) public : public access means that members can be accessed by any function outside the class also.
Ex:
class Date
{
private:
int day;
int month;
public:
void inputdate();
void displaydate();
};
iii) protected: The members which are declared using protected can be accessed only by the member functions,
friends of the class and also member functions derived from this class. The members cannot be accessed from
outside. The protected access specifier is therefore similar to private specifier.
protected:
int day;
int month;

Department of Computer Science - SCPUC 4

4. What is meant by member functions inside class definition and outside class definition, explain with an
example
Inside class definition
The member function defined within a class is called as inside function. Only small functions are defined
inside class definition. To define member function inside a class, the function declaration within the class is
replaced by actual function definition inside the class.
Syntax: return type member-function()
Example:
class rectangle
{
int length, breadth;
public:
void get_data()
{
cin>>length>>breadth;
}
void put_data()
{
cout<<length<<breadth;
}
};
Outside class definition
To define a member function outside a class, scope resolution operator(::) is used. Scope resolution operator
identifies the function as a member of a particular class. Large functions are defined outside the class.
Syntax: For member function outside a class
return-type classname::memberfunction(arg1,arg2…)
{
function body;
}
Example:
class rectangle
{
private:
int length, breadth;
public:
void get_data();
void put_data();
};

void rectangle::get_data()
{
cin>>length>>breadth;

}
void rectangle::put_data()
{
cout<<length<<breadth;
}

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5. What is array of object? Give an example.
An array having set of class type elements is known as array of objects,
Example :
class data
{
int rollno, maths, science;
public:
int avg();
void getdata();
void putdata();
};
void data::getdata()
{
cout<<“Enter roll no: ”;
cin>>rollno;
cout<<“Enter maths marks: ”;
cin>> maths;
cout<<“Enter science marks: ”;
cin>> science;
putdata();
}

int data::avg()
{
int a;
a = (maths+science)/2;
return a; output:
} Enter roll no: 35
void data::putdata() Enter maths marks: 56
{ Enter Science marks: 78
cout<<”Average = “<<avg()<<endl; Average = 67
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
data stud[3];
for(int i =0; i<3;i++)
stud[i].getdata();
return 0;
}

6. Explain the characteristics of member functions.

 Type and number of arguments in member function must be same as types and number of data declared in
class definition
 Member function can access private data of a class but a non-member function cannot.
 The use of scope resolution operator implies that these member functions are defined outside the class.
 Member functions can be defined in two places, Inside class definition and Outside class definition.
 Several classes can use same function name, membership label will resolve their scope.

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 FUNCTION OVERLOADING - [ 1 + 5 = 6 marks ]

1. What is meant by function overloading? Explain the need for function overloading.
Function overloading means two or more functions having same name, but differ in the number of arguments or
datatype of arguments. [ Note : Also refer Function overloading lab program ]
Need for function overloading (Advantages of function overloading):
 The main factor in function overloading is a function’s argument list. If there are two functions having same
name and different types of arguments or different number of arguments, then function overloading is
invoked automatically by the compiler. Thus the code is executed faster.
 It is easier to understand the flow of information and debug.
 Code maintenance is easy
 Easier interface between programs and real world objects.
 Function overloading is also known as compile time polymorphism.

2. What is inline function? Write a simple program for it.

OR
Explain inline function with programming example.
The inline function is a short function in which the compiler replaces a function call with the function body.
The keyword inline is used to define inline functions. The inline function consists of function call along with
function code.
 Inline functions definition starts with keyword inline
 The inline function should be defined before all functions that call it.
 The compiler replaces the function call statement with the function code(expansion) itself and then compiles
the entire code.
 They run little faster than normal functions as function calling overhead are saved.
Example : Lab cycle program
class assign
{
private :
int n;
public :
assign(int nn)
{
n = nn;
}
int cube( );
};
inline int assign::cube( )
{
return(n*n*n);
}
void main( )
{
int x;
clrscr( );
cout<<"Enter the number: ";
cin>>x;
assign obj = x;
cout<<"Cube of "<<n<<" = "<<obj.cube( );
getch( );
}

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3. Write the advantages, disadvantages and restrictions of inline function.
Advantages:
1) The inline member functions are compact function calls.
2) Therefore the size of the object is considerably reduced
3) The speed of execution of a program increases
4) Very efficient code can be generated.
5) The readability of the program increases
Disadvantages:
1) As the body of inline function is substituted in place of a function call, the size of the executable file increases
and more memory is needed.
Restrictions:
The inline function may not work some times for one of the following reasons:
1) If the inline function definition is too long or too complicated.
2) If the inline function is recursive.
3) If the inline function has looping constructs.
4) If the inline function has a switch or goto
4. Describe briefly the use of friend function in C++ with syntax and example.
A friend function is a non-member function that is a friend of a class that has permission to access both private and
protected members
Characteristics:
1) The friend function is declared by prefixing it with the keyword friend
2) friend function should be declared within a class but friend function should be defined outside the class.
3) A friend function although not a member function, has full access right to the private and protected members of
the class.
4)The friend declaration can be placed anywhere in the class definition. It is not affected by the access control
keywords (public, private and protected)
5) It cannot access the member variables directly and has to use an objectname.membername(Here . is a
membership operator)
6) A friend function cannot be called using the object of that class. It can be invoked like any normal function.
Ex: function_name(object)
7) Since friend function is a non-member function while defining friend function it does not use scope resolution
operator.

Ex: // To indicate the use of friend function.

#include<iostream.h>
class myclass
{
private:
int a,b;
public:
void set_val(int i,int j);
friend int add(myclass object);
};
void myclass::set_val(int i,int j)
{
a = i;
b = j;
}

Department of Computer Science - SCPUC 8

int add(myclass object)
{
return (object.a + object.b);
}
void main()
{
myclass object;
Sum of 34 and 56 is 90
object.set_val(34,56);
cout<<"Sum of 34 and 56 is "<<add(object);
}

INHERITANCE [ 1 + 5 = 6 marks ]

1. What is Inheritance? Explain briefly the types of inheritance.

Inheritance is the capability of one class to inherit properties from another class. New class is the derived class and
an existing class is the base class
Based on this relationship, inheritance can be classified into five forms:
1) Single inheritance
2) Multiple inheritance
3) Multilevel inheritance
4) Hierarchical inheritance
5) Hybrid inheritance.
I Single inheritance:
If a class is derived from a single base class, it is called as single inheritance

Father
Base class

Son
Derived class

II Multiple inheritance:
If a class is derived from more than one base class, it is known as multiple inheritance

Base class-1 Base class-2 ---- Base class-n King Queen

Prince
Derived class

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III Multilevel inheritance:
The classes can also be derived from the classes that are already derived. This type of inheritance is called
multilevel inheritance

Base class Grand Father

Derived class-1
Father

Derived class-2
Son

Derived class-n

IV Hierarchical inheritance:
If a number of classes are derived from a single base class, it is called as hierarchical inheritance

Base class

Derived class-1 Derived class-2 Derived class-3

Staff

Lecturers Office staff Group - D

V Hybrid inheritance:
Hybrid inheritance is combination of Hierarchical and multilevel inheritance.
Base class

Derived class-1 Derived class-2

Derived class

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2. What is Inheritance? What are the advantages of inheritance?
Inheritance is the capability of one class to inherit properties from another class.
Inheritance has following advantages:
1) Reusing existing code – since all the features of base class are repeated in derived class.
2) Faster development time – as the main code need not be written again
3) Easy to maintain – as the testing need not be done once again for derived class.
4) Memory utilization – is less as we reuse the existing code.
5) Easy to extend – because in derived class in addition to the existing features of base class we can add new
features

3. What is visibility mode? What is its role?

OR
What is the difference between public, private and protected access specifiers in inheritance?
The visibility mode basically controls the access specifier to be for inheritable member of base class in the derived
class.If no visibility mode is specified, then by default the visibility mode is considered private.

The role of visibility modes:

Derived class
Base class
public mode private mode protected mode
public public private protected
private Not inherited Not inherited Not inherited
protected protected private protected

I Public inheritance:
This is the most used inheritance mode. In this
1) The public members of a base class become pubic members of the derived class.
2) The private members of a base class cannot be inherited to the derived class
3) The protected members of a base class stay protected in a derived class.

II private inheritance:
1) The public members of a base class become the private members of the derived class.
2) The private members of a base class cannot be inherited to the derived class
3) The protected members of a base class stay protected in a derived class.

III protected inheritance:

1) The public members of a base class become protected in a derived class.
2) The private members of a base class cannot be inherited to the derived class
3) The protected members of a base class stay protected in a derived class.

Department of Computer Science - SCPUC 11

 DATA STRUCTURES - [ 5 + 5 = 10 marks ]

1) Explain different operations performed on primitive data structures.

i) Create: Create operations is used to create a new data structure. Ex: int x;
ii) Destroy: Destroy operation is used to destroy or remove the data structure from the
memory space.
iii) Select: Select operation is used by programmers to access the data within the data
structure.
iv) Update: Update operation is used to change data of data structures.

2) Explain the different operations performed on linear data structure.

OR
Explain the different operations performed on one-dimensional array.

i) Traversal: The process of accessing each data element once to perform some
operation is called traversing.
ii) Insertion: The process of adding a new element into the given collection of data
elements is called insertion.
iii) Deletion: The process of removing an existing data element from the given collection
of data elements is called deletion.
iv) Searching: The process of finding the location of a data element in the given
collection of data elements is called as searching.
v) Sorting: The process of arrangement of data elements in ascending or descending
order is called sorting.
vi) Merging: The process of combining the data elements of two structures to form a
single structure is called merging.

3) What is a stack ? Explain the operations performed on the stacks.

A Stack is an ordered collection of items where the insertion of new items and the
removal of existing items always takes place at the same end.
This ordering principle is called Last In First Out i.e LIFO.
Stack operations:
i) stack(): creates a new stack that is empty. It needs no parameters and returns an
empty stack.
ii) push(item): adds a new item to the top of the stack.It needs the item as parameters
and returns nothing.
iii) pop(): removes the top item from the stack.It needs no parameters and returns the
item. The stack is modified.
iv) peek(): returns the top item from the stack but does not remove it. It needs no
parameters. The stack is not modified.
v) isempty(): tests whether the stack is empty. It needs no parameters and returns a
Boolean value.
vi) size():returns the number of items on the stack. It needs no parameters and
returns an integer.

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4) Write the applications of stacks.
i) To reverse a word.
ii) undo mechanism in text editors.
iii) Compiler’s syntax check for matching braces is implemented by using stack.
iv) Conversion of decimal number to binary.
v) Expression evaluation and syntax parsing.
vi) Conversion of infix expression into prefix and postfix.
viii) Backtracking.

5) What is a queue? Explain the different types of queues with a neat diagram.
A queue is an ordered collection of items where an item is inserted at one end called
the rear and an existing item is removed at the other end, called the front. Insertion
and deletion is performed according to the First-in-First-out principle(FIFO).
Types of queues:
Queues can be of four types:
1) Simple queues
2) Circular queues
3) Priority queues
4) Double ended queue(Dequeue)

1) Simple queue: In simple queue, insertion occurs at the rear end of the list and
deletion occurs at the front end of the list.
Front Rear

A B C
0 1 2 3 4
Front = 1, Rear = 3

2) Circular queue: In circular queue, the last node is connected back to the first
node to make a circle.
3 2

4
1

5
0 Front=0
6 7
Rear=7
3) Priority queue:
A priority queue is a queue that contains items that have some preset priority. An
element can be inserted or removed from any position depending on some priority.

4) Dequeue(Double Ended Queue):

It is a queue in which insertion and deletion takes place at both the ends.
Insertion Deletion

Deletion Q[0] Q[1] Q[2] Q[3] Q[4]

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6) Explain the various operations performed on the queue.
A queue is an ordered collection of items where an item is inserted at one end called the rear
and an existing item is removed at the other end, called the front.
Operations on Queue:
i) Queue(): creates a new queue that is empty. It needs no parameters and returns an
empty queue.
ii) Enqueue(item): Adds a new item to the rear of the queue. It needs the item and returns
nothing.
iii) Dequeue() : Removes the item from the front of the queue. It needs no parameters and
returns the item.
iv) Isempty(): test to see whether the queue is empty. It needs no parameters and returns
a Boolean value.
v) size(): returns the number of items in the queue. It needs no parameters and returns
an integer.

7) Write the applications of queues?

i) Simulations
ii) Various features of operating system.
iii) Multi-programming platform systems
iv) Different type of scheduling algorithms.
v) Round robin algorithm
vi) Printer server routines

8) Write an algorithm to search an element in an array using binary search

method.
Step 1: Set LB=BEG, UB=END, LOC = -1
Step 2: while(BEG<=END)
MID=(BEG+END)/2
if(ELE=A[MID])
LOC=MID
GOTO step 3
else
if(ELE<A[MID])
END=MID-1
else
BEG=MID+1
End of if
End of while
Step 3: if(LOC>=0)
PRINT LOC
else
PRINT “Search is unsuccessful”
Step 4: Exit

Department of Computer Science - SCPUC 14

9) Write an algorithm to sort an array using insertion sort.
Step 1: for I = 1 to N – 1
Step 2: J=I
while(J>=1)
if(A[J]<A[J-1])
temp = A[J]
A[J] = A[J-1]
A[J-1]=temp
if end
J = J-1
while end
for end
Step 3: Exit

[ Note : Refer K-Map from Boolean algebra – 5 marks ] – Refer “ K-Map Solved “ PDF
Logic gates [ 1+ 3 = 4 marks ]

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 WEB DESIGNING [ 1 + 3 = 4 marks]

[ 1 mark Question – Convert to MCQ ]

1. What is HTML?
HTML is a language which is used to create web pages

2. Expand HTML.
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.

3. What is the extension of hyptertext markup language file?

The extension is .html

4. What is the use of webpage?

Webpage is used to present information on the internet

5. Write the opening and closing tags?

<tagname>content</tagname>

6. What is the use of table tag.

Table tag defines a table in HTML

7. Give the purpose of TH tag.

This element defines a table header cell. By default the text in this cell is bold and centred.

8. What is the purpose of the anchor tag?

Defines a hyperlink which is used to link from one page to another.

9. Write the syntax to include images in webpages.

<IMG SRC = “C:\picture.jpg”>
10. What is XML?
XML is an eXtended Markup Language used for creating documents containing structured information.

11. What is Domain?

Domain name is to identify and locate computers and resources connected to internet.
12. What is DHTML?
Dynamic HTML is a combination of HTML tags that can make web pages more animated and interactive.

Department of Computer Science - SCPUC 20

 (3 marks Question)

1. Explain the structure of HTML.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> ----------------------- </TITLE>
</HEAD>

<BODY>
-----------------------------
-----------------------------
</BODY>
</HTML>
Basic tags:
1) <html>: This element defines the whole html document.
2) <head>: This element is displayed in title bar of the browser
3) <title>: The title appears in the title bar on top of the browser’s window.
4) <body>: This elements defines the body of the HTML document.

2. Write a program to include tables in webpages.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>table elements </TITLE></head>
<BODY>
<Table border=3>
<CAPTION>TABLE ELEMENTS</CAPTION>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>9</td>
</tr>

</table>
</body>
</HTML>

Department of Computer Science - SCPUC 21

 3. What is a FORM? Explain FORM elements.
FORMS:
Forms is a webpage which allows the user to enter information and also allows the user to interact with the
contents of the form. To insert a form we use the <FORM></FORM> tags.
FORM ELEMENTS:
Form elements are different types of input elements
1) <INPUT></INPUT> This tag allow to enter different types of input like password, checkbox, radiobutton etc
Ex: <INPUT TYPE=PASSWORD >

2) <TEXTAREA> </TEXTAREA>: This tag allows for free form text entry.
Ex: <TEXTAREA ROWS=4 COLS=20>

3) <SELECT>: This tag displays a select control and is used along with <option>
i) List Box: Ex: <SELECT NAME=LIST>
<OPTION>GM</OPTION></SELECT>
ii) Drop Down Box: Ex: <SELECT NAME=DROPDOWN>
<OPTION>GM</OPTION></SELECT>

4. Explain METHOD and ACTION in a FORM?

The FORM container is : <FORM METHOD=”how to send” ACTION=”URL”>
……… </FORM>
i) Method: This attribute accepts either POST or GET as its value. (POST is for greater amount of data to be
sent. GET is for a single text box)
ii) ACTION: This attribute accepts the URL for the script which process the data from your form.

5. Explain different input types in HTML?

1) TEXT BOXES: These boxes <INPUT TYPE=TEXT
sadvidya
are used to provide input fields NAME=studentname SIZE=20>
in the form of text
2) PASSWORD: These boxes <INPUT TYPE=PASSWORD >
are used to allow the entry of
passwords.
3) CHECKBOX: These boxes <INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX>
are used to allow users to select
more than one option.
4) RADIO BUTTON: These <INPUT TYPE=RADIO>
radio buttons allow users to
select only one option among a
list of option

6. Write a note on XML / Give the features of XML/Mention the advantages of XML.
XML is an extended markup language used for creating documents containing structured information.
1) XML is used to describe data and focus on what data is, whereas HTML is used to display data and focus
on formation of data.
2) XML tags are not predefined, we create our own tags, whereas HTML tags are predefined
3) XML tags are case sensitive, whereas HTML tags are not case sensitive
4) XML is extensible whereas HTML is not extensible.
5) XML can be used to store data but not HTML.

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 7. Give the features of DHTML?
Dynamic HTML(DHTML)
Dynamic HTML is a combination of HTML tags that can make web pages more animated and interactive.
1) An object oriented view of a webpage.
2) Cascading style sheets,
3) Programming that can address page elements.
4) Dynamic fonts

8. What is web scripting? Explain types of web scripting.

The process of creating and embedding scripts in a web page is knows as web scripting
Types of scripts:
1) Client side script 2) Server side script
1) Client side script:
Client side scripting enable interaction within a web page. The client side scripts are downloaded at the
client end and then interpreted and executed by the browser. The client side scripting is browser dependent.
2) Server side script:
Server side scripting is used when the information is sent to a server and to be processed at the server end.
Server side scripting enables carrying out a task at the server end and then sends the result to the client end.

9. What is Web hosting? Explain different types of webhosting.

Web hosting means hosting a web server application on a computer through internet so that the electronic
content is readily available to any web-browser client.
Different types of webhosting are available.
1) Free hosting: This type of hosting is available with many sites that offer to host web pages for no cost.
2) Virtual or shared hosting: Virtual hosting is where one’s website domain is hosted on the web server of
hosting company along with other websites
3) Dedicated hosting: In this type of hosting, the company wishing to go online, rents an entire web server
from the hosting company
4) Co-location hosting: In this type of hosting, the company actually owns the server on which its site is
hosted.

1. Basic Concepts of OOP - 07

2. Classes and Objects - 06
3. Function Overloading - 06
4. Inheritance - 06
5. Data Structure - 10
6. Boolean Algebra ( Only K-map ) - 05
7. Logic gates - 04
8. Web Designing - 04
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Total Marks - 48
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Department of Computer Science - SCPUC 23