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Concrete

The document provides an overview of concrete as a construction material, detailing its composition, classifications, and various types including traditional and modern concrete. It discusses the properties of concrete, such as workability, curing, and qualities of good concrete, along with the importance of proper mixing and placement techniques. The document emphasizes the ecological and economical advancements in concrete utilization to meet contemporary construction needs.

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11 views19 pages

Concrete

The document provides an overview of concrete as a construction material, detailing its composition, classifications, and various types including traditional and modern concrete. It discusses the properties of concrete, such as workability, curing, and qualities of good concrete, along with the importance of proper mixing and placement techniques. The document emphasizes the ecological and economical advancements in concrete utilization to meet contemporary construction needs.

Uploaded by

vardhmanliteratureworks
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DEMO LECTURE

CONCRETE AND ITS ADVANCE UTILIZATION AS A CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL


CONCRETE

• The word concrete comes from Latin word “Concretus”. Which means compact.
• Concrete is widely adopted as construction material due to its moulding properties.
• This composite material is made up of constituents like cement, sand, aggregates and
water, added with the admixtures to achieve desirable properties.
• Now a days modified concrete have came into focus to meet the ecological and
economical expectations to meet the current society needs.
COMPOSITION OF TRADITIONAL CONCRETE

Composition
Water
6%

Cement
13%

Fine Aggregate
32% Course Aggregate
49%
CLASSIFICATION OF MODERN CONCRETE

• According to binding martials utilised in fabrication:


• Cement Concrete (Moat widely adopted)
• Lime concrete (Utilised in era of 1900’s)

• According to Design of Concrete:


• Plain Cement Concrete (Used for footings and plain works).
• Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC).
• Pre-stressed Cement Concrete.

• According to Purpose:
• Light Weight Concrete.
• Air Entrained Concrete
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO BINDING
MATERIAL
• Uses
• This is the most commonly utilised form of
concrete adopted now-a-days.
• Most of the basic structures are constructed
with this form of concrete.
• These are designed in accordance to the IS-
10262.
• The structures built with formation has to
comply with the IS 456 (Code of practice for
plain and reinforced concrete) standards.
LIME CONCRETE

• This type of concrete is generally made up of lime instead of cement as binding material,
other than this sand and cinder are used as fine aggregates and broken bricks or gravels
are used as coarse aggregates.
• Placing of such concrete are completed within three hours of adding water in lime
concrete mix and curing process is adopted for at-least 10 days.
• Uses:
• To meet the economical aspect..
• Foundation works, over-roof works etc.
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO DESING

• Plain Cement Concrete


• The concrete in which no reinforcement
is provided are called PCC or mass
cement concrete.

• Uses:
• This is commonly used for foundation
works.
REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE

• The cement concrete in which reinforcement


is embedded for taking tensile stress is called
RCC.
• Such type of concrete are well known to
take-up tensile, compressive and shear
stresses.
• The uses of such concrete are adopted in
slabs, beams, columns and other structural
elements.
PRE-STRESSED CEMENT CONCRETE

• The cement concrete in which high compressive stresses are artificially induced before
their actual use is called pre-stressed cement concrete.
• The high-compressive stresses are induced by pre-tensioning the reinforcement before
placing the concrete, and the reinforcement is released when final setting of concrete
take place.
• Uses:
• Such concrete can take-up high tensile and compressive stresses without crack development.
The quantity of reinforcement ca be considerably reduced by adoption of such concrete.
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO PURPOSE

• Vacuum Concrete
• The cement concrete from which entrained air and
excess water is removed after placing it, by suction with
the help of vacuum pump.
• Uses:
• Such type of concrete is used in the placed where dry
soil mass has to covered with the instant wet concrete
mass, but for the purpose of quick setting the excess
water is taken up by vacuum process to maintain setting
time of concrete.
AIR ENTRAINED CONCRETE

• The concrete prepared by mixing of


aluminium in it is called air entrained,
cellular or aerated concrete. The hydrogen
gas is liberated in such concrete mix which
forms cell and make concrete cellular.
• Uses:
• For lining walls.
• For heat or sound insulations.
LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE

• The concrete prepared by using cinder or


slag as coarse aggregates is called light
weight concrete, this is light in weight and
posses heat insulating properties.
• Uses:
• In fabrication of precast structural
elements like props and partition wall
linings.
PROPORTIONING OF CONCRETE

Work Description Grade Proportioning

Concrete in Columns, beams 1:1:2

Water retaining Structures, Piles, Precast work or


1:1.5:3
dense Concrete

RCC beams, Slabs, Columns 1:2:4

Foundation for buildings. Mass Reinforced works 1:3:6

For Mass Concrete Works 1:4:8


WATER CEMENT RATION

• For normal construction the water-cement ration is usually taken as 0.5.


• Addition of much water reduces strength of concrete and can cause segregation.
• For different ration of concrete amount of water for 50 kg of cement is:

Concrete Ratio Water Quantity


1:3:6 34 Liter
1:2:4 30 Liter
1:1.5:3 27 Liter
1:1:2 25 Liter
WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE

• It is amount of work required to place concrete and to compact it thoroughly.


• Workability of concrete increases with addition of water but it reduces the strength,
that’s why it is not a desirable way to increase the workability.
• Use of aggregate which are round and have smooth surface increases the workability.
• Workability could also be improved by adding air entraining agent such as vinsol resin.
• Workability of concrete are determined by:
• Slump test
• Compaction factor test
PLACING OF CONCRETE

• After missing the concrete should be


placed within 30 minutes of adding of
water.
• In placing, this should be laid in thin layers
and each layer being thoroughly
consolidated, before the next one is laid.
• Concrete should not be dropped from
much height as it would cause segregation
of mix.
COMPACTION OF CONCRETE

• Compaction of concrete is very vital process


to achieve strength, durability and
imperviousness by making the concrete dense
and free from voids.
• In case of RCC compaction is done by pinning
with a pin vibrator in dense spaces.
• Excess temping should be avoided, otherwise
this will cause segregation.
•
CURING OF CONCRETE

• The objective of curing is to prevent loss of


moisture from concrete due to evaporation
or because of any other reasons.
• Curing should be done for a period of
three weeks but not less than 10 days.
• Curing can be done by:
• Gunny bags method.
• Flood method.
QUALITIES OF GOOD CONCRETE

• Strength: the concrete should be able to withstand the stresses that it is subjected to. It is
quite strong in compression but weak in tension.
• Durability: it should be durable enough to resist the effect of weathering agents.
• Density: the concrete should be well compacted so that there are no voids or hollows left, it
should be 3000 kg/cu.m.
• Water tightness: either for water retaining structure or structural components, the concrete
must be water tight, otherwise the water ingress may cause failures.
• Workability: it should be easily workable.
• Resistance to wear and tear: it should withstand abrasive forces.

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