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HTML Basics

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is the standard markup language for creating web pages, consisting of elements that define the structure and presentation of content. A simple HTML document includes a doctype declaration, html, head, and body elements, with various tags for headings, paragraphs, links, and images. HTML elements can be formatted and commented to enhance readability and organization in the source code.

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2 views

HTML Basics

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is the standard markup language for creating web pages, consisting of elements that define the structure and presentation of content. A simple HTML document includes a doctype declaration, html, head, and body elements, with various tags for headings, paragraphs, links, and images. HTML elements can be formatted and commented to enhance readability and organization in the source code.

Uploaded by

chakradhar m
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages.

What is HTML?

 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language


 HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
 HTML describes the structure of a Web page
 HTML consists of a series of elements
 HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
 HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph",
"this is a link", etc.

A Simple HTML Document


Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>
OUTPUT

My First Heading
My first paragraph.

Example Explained

 The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document
 The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
 The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page
 The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's
title bar or in the page's tab)
 The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the visible
contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
 The <h1> element defines a large heading
 The <p> element defines a paragraph
What is an HTML Element?

An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag:

<tagname> Content goes here... </tagname>

The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

Start tag Element content

<h1> My First Heading

<p> My first paragraph.

<br> none

Note: Some HTML elements have no content (like the <br> element). These elements are called
empty elements. Empty elements do not have an end tag!

Web Browsers

The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML documents and
display them correctly.

A browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses them to determine how to display the
document:
HTML Page Structure

Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure:

<html>
<head>
<title>Page title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
HTML Editors

A simple text editor is all you need to learn HTML.

Learn HTML Using Notepad or TextEdit

Web pages can be created and modified by using professional HTML editors.

However, for learning HTML we recommend a simple text editor like Notepad (PC) or TextEdit
(Mac).

We believe that using a simple text editor is a good way to learn HTML.

Follow the steps below to create your first web page with Notepad or TextEdit.

Step 1: Open Notepad (PC)

Windows 8 or later:

Open the Start Screen (the window symbol at the bottom left on your screen). Type Notepad.

Windows 7 or earlier:

Open Start > Programs > Accessories > Notepad

Step 1: Open TextEdit (Mac)

Open Finder > Applications > TextEdit


Also change some preferences to get the application to save files correctly. In Preferences >
Format > choose "Plain Text"

Then under "Open and Save", check the box that says "Display HTML files as HTML code
instead of formatted text".

Then open a new document to place the code.

Step 2: Write Some HTML

Write or copy the following HTML code into Notepad:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Step 3: Save the HTML Page

Save the file on your computer. Select File > Save as in the Notepad menu.

Name the file "index.htm" and set the encoding to UTF-8 (which is the preferred encoding for
HTML files).
Tip: You can use either .htm or .html as file extension. There is no difference; it is up to you.

Step 4: View the HTML Page in Your Browser

Open the saved HTML file in your favorite browser (double click on the file, or right-click - and
choose "Open with").

The result will look much like this:

HTML Basic Examples

HTML Documents

All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: <!DOCTYPE html>.

The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>.
The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>.

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>
OUTPUT

My First Heading
My first paragraph.

The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration represents the document type, and helps browsers to display web
pages correctly.

It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not case sensitive.

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration for HTML5 is:

<!DOCTYPE html>

HTML Headings

HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading:

Example
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>
<h4>This is heading 3</h4>
<h5>This is heading 3</h5>
<h6>This is heading 3</h6>
OUTPUT

This is heading 1

This is heading 2
This is heading 3

This is heading 4
This is heading 5
This is heading 6

HTML Paragraphs

HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag:

Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
OUTPUT

This is a paragraph.

This is another paragraph.

HTML Links

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag:

Example
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>
OUTPUT

HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the a tag:

This is a link

The link's destination is specified in the href attribute.

Attributes are used to provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Images

HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as attributes:

Example
<img src="w3schools.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com" width="104" height="142">

OUTPUT

HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the img tag:

How to View HTML Source

Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"

View HTML Source Code:

Click CTRL + U in an HTML page, or right-click on the page and select "View Page Source".
This will open a new tab containing the HTML source code of the page.
Inspect an HTML Element:

Right-click on an element (or a blank area), and choose "Inspect" to see what elements are made
up of (you will see both the HTML and the CSS). We can also edit the HTML or CSS on-the-fly
in the Elements or Styles panel that opens.

HTML Formatting Elements

Formatting elements were designed to display special types of text:

 <b> - Bold text


 <strong> - Important text
 <i> - Italic text
 <em> - Emphasized text
 <mark> - Marked text
 <small> - Smaller text
 <del> - Deleted text
 <ins> - Inserted text
 <sub> - Subscript text
 <sup> - Superscript text

HTML <b> and <strong> Elements

The HTML <b> element defines bold text, without any extra importance.

The HTML <strong> element defines text with strong importance. The content
inside is typically displayed in bold.

Example
<strong>This text is important!</strong>
HTML <i> and <em> Elements

The HTML <i> element defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood. The content inside is
typically displayed in italic.

Tip: The <i> tag is often used to indicate a technical term, a phrase from another language, a
thought, a ship name, etc.

Example
<i>This text is italic</i>

The HTML <em> element defines emphasized text. The content inside is typically displayed in
italic.
Tip: A screen reader will pronounce the words in <em> with an emphasis, using verbal stress.

Example
<em>This text is emphasized</em>

HTML <small> Element

The HTML <small> element defines smaller text:

Example
<small>This is some smaller text.</small>

HTML <mark> Element

The HTML <mark> element defines text that should be marked or highlighted:

Example
<p>Do not forget to buy <mark>milk</mark> today.</p>

HTML <del> Element

The HTML <del> element defines text that has been deleted from a document. Browsers will
usually strike a line through deleted text:

Example
<p>My favorite color is <del>blue</del> red.</p>

HTML <ins> Element

The HTML <ins> element defines a text that has been inserted into a document. Browsers will
usually underline inserted text:

Example
<p>My favorite color is <del>blue</del> <ins>red</ins>.</p>
HTML <sub> Element

The HTML <sub> element defines subscript text. Subscript text appears half a character below
the normal line, and is sometimes rendered in a smaller font. Subscript text can be used for
chemical formulas, like H2O:
Example
<p>This is <sub>subscripted</sub> text.</p>
HTML <sup> Element

The HTML <sup> element defines superscript text. Superscript text appears half a character
above the normal line, and is sometimes rendered in a smaller font. Superscript text can be used
for footnotes, like WWW[1]:

Example
<p>This is <sup>superscripted</sup> text.</p>
Test
HTML Text Formatting Elements

Tag Description

<b> Defines bold text

<em> Defines emphasized text

<i> Defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood

<small> Defines smaller text

<strong> Defines important text

<sub> Defines subscripted text

<sup> Defines superscripted text


<ins> Defines inserted text

<del> Defines deleted text

<mark> Defines marked/highlighted text

HTML Comments

HTML comments are not displayed in the browser, but they can help document your HTML
source code.

HTML Comment Tag

You can add comments to your HTML source by using the following syntax:

<!-- Write your comments here -->

Notice that there is an exclamation point (!) in the start tag, but not in the end tag.

Note: Comments are not displayed by the browser, but they can help document
your HTML source code.

Add Comments

With comments you can place notifications and reminders in your HTML code:

Example
<!-- This is a comment -->

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

<!-- Remember to add more information here -->

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