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NSTP 1 - WEEK 3 (Values Development)

The document discusses the concept of values, their formation, and their significance in guiding human behavior and decision-making. It distinguishes between universal, cultural, and personal values, emphasizing the importance of clarifying and integrating these values for a fulfilling life. Additionally, it explores the role of virtues as habits of excellence necessary for achieving happiness, referencing philosophical insights from Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

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15 views12 pages

NSTP 1 - WEEK 3 (Values Development)

The document discusses the concept of values, their formation, and their significance in guiding human behavior and decision-making. It distinguishes between universal, cultural, and personal values, emphasizing the importance of clarifying and integrating these values for a fulfilling life. Additionally, it explores the role of virtues as habits of excellence necessary for achieving happiness, referencing philosophical insights from Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

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queenangellyn.laban9
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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VALUES

DEVELOPMENT
Prepared by: Prof. Anthony T. Regino
Values
Etymology – comes from the Latin word “Valere” which
means “to measure the worth of something”.

- It refers to everything from external ideas to


behavioral actions.

- It serves as a criterion for determining the levels of


goodness, worth or beauty.

- The act of valuing is considered an act of making


value judgments, an expression of feeling, or the
acquisition of and adherence to a set of principles.

- Values are the elements of life prevailing in any


society.
How do you know what the “right”
decisions will be?

How do you know which values will


serve both your own interest and
those of the greater community?

How can you shape a culture built on


the values you choose that will guide
people’s actions at all levels of your
secular life?
- Values may be positive or negative.

- They are also subjective or objective values.

- Value experience involves a subject valuing and the object valued.


(A watch has sentimental value to someone, which is the subjective value)

- Life as opposed to death is an objective value


Formation of Values
- Our character and personality are molded through the
attitudes and behavior of the people who raise us. Their
behavior towards us becomes the primary reference of
what is valuable.

- We start feeling social pressure of values different from


ours as we relate to other people.

- Values are often confused with habits and many parents


hope that school will form the values not instilled at home.
(Teachers, leaders and value models at school can
reinforce what was formed at home, but they cannot
replace them,)
Clarification and Integration of Values
The philosophy of life for every person consists of two aspects:

1. A map of reality – an understanding of what life is all about, of


nature and the cosmos.

2. A hierarchy of values – a perception of which things are more


important than others

Philosopher Will Durant


“Seeing big things as big and small things as small”

- Clarification of values means that we must review which


values should guide our life.

- Value means what is worthwhile.


- If giving time to the family is worthwhile then it’s a value.
- If playing basketball is worthwhile, then it’s a value.

The problem starts when these values conflict, not only with each other but also
when they compete for our time and attention.

Between family and basketball, which one is more important?


Between honesty and earning more money, which one is more important?

When we don’t give time to the consideration of this point, then the condition values
take over.
They subconsciously dictate what is more important and what is less important.
Kinds of Values
1. Universal Values – are valued by all human beings due to the intrinsic
nature of these values or by virtue of our being human beings.

• Truth
• Happiness
• Inner Peace
• Love
• Kindness
• Justice
• Respect
• Courage and fearlessness

2. Cultural Values – are dependent on the social norms, religious beliefs and
other environmental situations of people.

3. Personal Values – are worthwhile to a particular individual and differ from a


particular individual and differ from person to person.
Integration of Values
1. Clarity of universal and personal values – We must be convinced
that universal values are valid and truth worth pursuing and also that
our personal values are clear and strongly felt.

2. Contrary conditioning are neutralized


The conditioning to be neutralized are two kinds:

• Psycho-Emotional Conditioning – Those involving habits and


emotional reactions, such as fears, resentment, etc.
• Mental Conditioning – Those molded by cultural values, such as
measurement of success and failure and philosophy of life.
Virtues: The Good Habit
- Virtues are habits of human excellence.
- Moral virtues are the excellence of character acquired through the
formation of good habits and are necessary for happiness.
- Virtue refers to human excellence.

Socrates, Plato and Aristotle studied human excellence which came


to be called virtues. They concluded that virtue in general and some
virtues in particular, enable a person not only to be good but also to
have a good life.

People may not always feel the need to be good, but it is a sure thing
that everyone wants to have a good life. It turns out that you can’t
have a good life without being good, that is being virtuous.
In Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle states that there are two kinds of
virtues:

1. Intellectual Virtue includes:


- Art
- Science
- Speculative Wisdom
- Practical Wisdom (Prudence)
- Intuitive Reasoning (Understanding)
2. Moral Virtues - virtues that make up a good character, are
numerous. But the critical ones that, once engrained in a person, give
that person the best chance of happiness are “Cardinal” Virtues of:
- Justice
- Temperance
- Fortitude or Courage
- Prudence
Thank You
.(^_^).

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