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Citation Styles

The document provides an overview of various citation styles including APA, MLA, and Chicago, outlining their specific formatting rules and in-text citation methods. It emphasizes the importance of proper citation to avoid plagiarism and facilitate source verification. Additionally, it includes an assignment prompt requiring an essay on terrorism's impact on national security in the UK, to be formatted in APA style.

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12 views13 pages

Citation Styles

The document provides an overview of various citation styles including APA, MLA, and Chicago, outlining their specific formatting rules and in-text citation methods. It emphasizes the importance of proper citation to avoid plagiarism and facilitate source verification. Additionally, it includes an assignment prompt requiring an essay on terrorism's impact on national security in the UK, to be formatted in APA style.

Uploaded by

kuguruemmaline
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CITATION STYLES

MODULE 4

Presented by: Edwin Omusula Owiye


Introduction
Citation styles are rules and conventions for documenting sources in

academic writing. They provide a standardized way to give credit to

the original authors of the ideas, information, and language you use in

your work. This helps avoid plagiarism and allows readers to find and

verify your sources easily. They include APA, MLA, Chicago, and

Harvard.
American Psychological Association (APA)
It is widely used in social sciences, education, and psychology. Samples

• Margins: Use 1-inch. margins on all sides of the page (top, bottom, left, and right).

• Font: Use a legible font. Many fonts are acceptable, including 11-point Calibri, 11-point
Arial, 12-point Times New Roman, and 11-point Georgia. The default font of your
word-processing program is acceptable.

• Line spacing: Use double-spacing for the entire paper (including block quotations and
the reference list). Do not add blank lines before or after headings. Do not add extra
spacing between paragraphs.
• Paragraph alignment and indentation: Align paragraphs of text to the left margin.

Leave the right margin ragged. Do not use full justification. Indent the first line of every

paragraph of text 0.5 inch using the tab key or the paragraph-formatting function of your

word-processing program.

• Page numbers: Put a page number in the top right corner of every page, including the

title page or cover page, which is page 1. Student papers do not require a running head

on any page. Click here


APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for
example: (Field, 2005). For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for
example: (Field, 2005, p. 14). Click here

Reference list

•For a book with one author, include the author's last name, first initial, year, book title,
subtitle, edition, and publisher. For example, "Brader, T. (2006). Campaigning for hearts
and minds: How emotional appeals in political ads work. University of Chicago
Press". For a book with multiple authors, list only the first author's name followed by "et
al." in every citation. Click here
Modern Language Association(MLA)
Commonly used in humanities, literature, and language studies. Samples

Guidelines

Use double-spacing throughout the entire paper.

Leave 1-inch margins on the top, bottom, and each side.

Indent the first line of each paragraph half an inch from the left margin. Click here

MLA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the page number from which the
quotation or paraphrase is taken, for example: (Smith 163).
If the source does not use page numbers, do not include a number in the parenthetical
citation: (Smith).

•One author: (Smith 163)

•Two authors: (Leon and Andrews 250-258)

•Three or more authors: (Zhang et al. 11). Click here


Book

Works Cited List: Author Last Name, First Name. Title. Publisher, Year.

In-text: (Author Last Name Page Number) Click here

Examples

Works Cited List: Olsen, Dale A. Music of El Dorado: the Ethnomusicology of Ancient South
American Cultures. UP of Florida, 2002.

In-text:(Olsen 25)

Click here

Access APA Template

Access MLA Template


Chicago/Turabian
Used in history, business, and the arts. It has two main formats: author-date and
notes-bibliography. Click here. The Chicago style originates from the University of
Chicago, and is used in humanities subjects.

This guide is based on the 16th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style. However,
we will soon be making updates to reflect the guidance in the latest edition.

In-text citations. Chicago uses a footnote citation system.

In the text, a number in superscript is added after the information. Click here
Assignment
Write an essay on the topic "The Impact of Terrorism on National Security
and Social Cohesion in the UK"
- Present your work in APA Format
- Word count-600 words
- Double spaced
- Font-12’ Times New Roman
- Due on Monday 13th, 11:59PM
- Submit it via email: [email protected]
Thank
you!

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