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IDEA

IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm) is a symmetric-key block cipher developed in 1991 that uses a 128-bit key to encrypt 64-bit blocks of data through a series of mathematical operations. It features strong security and fast encryption, making it suitable for applications like secure communication and data storage, but it is also vulnerable to brute-force attacks due to its key size. The algorithm operates using a Feistel network and involves multiple rounds of processing with sub-keys generated from the main key.

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8 views10 pages

IDEA

IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm) is a symmetric-key block cipher developed in 1991 that uses a 128-bit key to encrypt 64-bit blocks of data through a series of mathematical operations. It features strong security and fast encryption, making it suitable for applications like secure communication and data storage, but it is also vulnerable to brute-force attacks due to its key size. The algorithm operates using a Feistel network and involves multiple rounds of processing with sub-keys generated from the main key.

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IDEA

 Encryption algorithms such as IDEA (International


Data Encryption Algorithm) provide a secure
method of protecting data.

 IDEA was initially developed as a proprietary


cipher by Swiss cryptographers Xuejia Lai and
James L. Massey in 1991.

 It was then standardized by the International


Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1992.

What is IDEA Encryption?

 IDEA encryption is a symmetric-key block cipher


that operates on 64-bit blocks of data.

 It uses a 128-bit key and a series of complex


mathematical operations to scramble plaintext into
ciphertext.

 IDEA encryption uses a Feistel network, which


divides the plaintext into two halves and then
applies a series of rounds to each half, using a
combination of XOR, modulo, and multiplication
operations.

 This process creates a unique key for each block of


data.

How Does IDEA Encryption Work?


 IDEA encryption works by taking 64-bit blocks of
data and dividing them into two halves, each
containing 32 bits.

 These two halves are then passed through a series


of rounds, where they undergo a combination of
XOR, modulo, and multiplication operations.

 This process creates a unique key for each block of


data.

 The key used in IDEA encryption is a 128-bit key


that is created by the user.

 The key is then divided into eight 16-bit subkeys.


These subkeys are then used in the encryption
process to produce the ciphertext.

 Each round of the IDEA encryption process


involves the use of six of these subkeys.
The 64-bit input plain text block-divided into 4 part

(16 bits each) Declare p1 to p4.

Therefore, p1 to p4 will be the inputs for the initial

round of the algorithm.

 There are 8 such rounds.

 The key is made up of 128 bits.

 In each round, 6 sub-keys will be produced.

 Each one of the sub-keys includes 16 bits.

 All these sub-keys will be put on the 4 input

blocks p1 to p4.

 The last actions include Output Transformation,

which usually benefits simply 4 sub-Keys.

 The last result is 4 blocks of ciphertext C1 to C4

(each of 16 bits).

 They are mixed to create the last 64-bit

ciphertext block.
The 14 steps for a complete round are the following:

Single Round Information

 There are 8 rounds in IDEA.

 Every single requires several operations around the four

data blocks applying 6 keys.

 These steps work in numerous mathematical activities.


 There are multiple *, add * & XOR procedures.

 Multiply * means multiplication modulo.

 Add* requires addition modulo.

Sub-key generation for a round −


 In the first round bit position 1-96 of the key are utilized. Bits 97-128
remain unutilized. They are given to round 2.
 In round second bits 97-128 are first used, thus circular left shift of 25
bit appears and new bits from 26-89 are used. Bits position 90-128 and
1-25 remains unused.
 In round third unused bit 90-128 and 1-25 are first used again, circular
leftshift of 25 bit appears and bit position 51-82 are used. Bit position
83-128 and 1-50 remains unused.
 In the fourth round bit 83-128 and 1-50 are used.
 In the fifth round circular left-shift of 25 bit appears and bit position 76-
128 and 1-43 are used. Bit position 44-75 remains unused.
 In the sixth round unused bit of fifth round is used and left circular shift
of 25 bit occur thus making bit position 37-100 unused.
 In the seventh round unused bit of sixth round i.e., 37-100 are first
used and circular left shift of 25 bit appear bit position 126-128 and 1-
29 are used. Bit 30-125 remain unused.
 Unused bit position 30-125 from round seven is used and key is
disabled.

Output Transformation
 It can be a one-time procedure.

 It requires places by the end of the 8th round.

 The Output transformation input is a 64-bit value divided

into 4 sub-blocks (state R1 to R4 every among 16 bits).

 The four 16 bits Sub-keys (K1 to K4) are used here.

 The process of the outcome transformation can be as

follows.
Strengths of IDEA Encryption:

IDEA encryption offers a number of strengths, which


include:

 Strong Security: IDEA encryption uses a 128-bit


key, making it extremely difficult to crack. It is also
resistant to differential and linear attacks.

 Fast Encryption: IDEA encryption is a fast


encryption algorithm, making it ideal for use in
real-time applications.

 Simple Design: IDEA encryption uses a simple


design, making it easy to implement and use.

Weaknesses of IDEA Encryption:


IDEA encryption also has a few weaknesses, which include:

 Vulnerable to Brute-Force Attacks: Although IDEA


encryption is considered secure, it is still
vulnerable to brute-force attacks.

 Limited Key Size: IDEA encryption uses a 128-bit


key, which is smaller than some other encryption
algorithms.

Applications of IDEA Encryption:

IDEA encryption has a wide range of applications,


including:

 Secure Communication: IDEA encryption can be


used to secure communication between two
parties, such as in email or instant messaging
applications.

 Data Storage: IDEA encryption can be used to


encrypt sensitive data stored on a hard drive or
other storage devices.

 Digital Signatures: IDEA encryption can be used to


create digital signatures, which can be used to
verify the authenticity of digital documents.

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