MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

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DIRECTION: Encircle the correct letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. In data analytics, what is the process of transforming raw data into a structured format for easier
analysis?
a) Data visualization b) Data mining c) Data cleaning d) Data interpretation
2. Which statistical measure gives the middle value of a dataset when arranged in ascending order?
a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) Range
3. Which data visualization technique is suitable for displaying the relationship between two continuous
variables?
a) Histogram b) Scatter plot c) Pie chart d) Bar chart
4. What is the primary goal of predictive modeling in data analytics?
a) To describe past events b) To explain the current state of data
c) To make predictions about future events d) To identify patterns in the data
5. Which statistical test is used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the means of
two independent groups?
a) T-test b) ANOVA c) Chi-square test d) Regression analysis
6. Which of the following techniques is used for dimensionality reduction in data analytics?
a) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) b) K-means clustering
c) Random Forest d) Gradient boosting
7. In data analytics, what is the primary goal of anomaly detection?
a) To identify unusual patterns or outliers in the data b) To summarize the data
c) To make predictions about future events d) To visualize the data for analysis
8. What is the primary purpose of encryption in cryptography/
a) Compression of data
b) Authentication of users
c) Concealing information by converting it into a non-readable format
d) Enhancing the speed of data transmission
9. Which cryptographic algorithm is commonly used for secure communication over the internet?
a) RSA b) DES c) SHA d) MD5
10. In public key cryptography, what is the purpose of the public key?
a) Encrypting messages b) Decrypting messages
c) Both encrypting and decrypting messages d) Authenticating users
11. What is a digital signature in cryptography?
a) A unique identifier assigned to a user
b) A cryptographic hash of a message encrypted with a private key
c) A public key used for encryption
d) A secure channel for communication
12. Which cryptographic attack relies on trying all possible keys until the correct one is found?
a) Differential cryptanalysis b) Birthday attack c) Brute-force attack d) Man-in-the-middle attack
13. What is steganography?
a) The practice of concealing messages within other non-secret data
b) The study of prime numbers
c) The process of generating random numbers
d) The analysis of cryptographic algorithms
14. Which cryptographic protocol is used for secure communication between web browsers and servers?
a) SSH b) HTTPS c) FTPS d) SNMP
15. What is the probability of rolling a prime number with a fair six-sided die?
a) 1/2 b) 1/3 c) 1/6 d) 1/4
16. Which of the following probability distributions is used to model the number of successes in a fixed
number of independent Bernoulli trials?
a) Normal distribution b) Binomial distribution
c) Poisson distribution d) Exponential distribution
17. What is the mean of a probability distribution?
a) The most frequent value b) The average value
c) The minimum value d) The maximum value
18. Which statistical test is used to determine whether there is a significant association between two
categorical variables?
 a) Chi-square test b) t-test c) ANOVA d) Regression analysis
19. What is the standard deviation of a dataset?
a) The square of the variance b) The average of the absolute differences from the mean
c) The square root of the variance d) The median of the dataset
20. In hypothesis testing, what is the p-value?
a) The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true
b) The probability of not rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false
c) The probability of observing the test statistic, assuming the null hypothesis is true
d) The probability of observing the test statistic, assuming the null hypothesis is false
21. Which probability distribution is used to model the time between independent Poisson events?
a) Normal distribution b) Exponential distribution
c) Binomial distribution d) Poisson distribution
22. What is the future value of $1000 invested for 5 years at an annual interest rate of 5% compounded
annually?
a) $1276.28 b) $1025.00 c) $5000.00 d) $7500.00
23. What is the present value of $5000 to be received in 10 years at an annual discount rate of 8%?
a) $1961.54 b) $500.00 c) $2500.00 d) $3000.00
24. You invest $5000 in a savings account with an annual interest rate of 4%. How much money will you
have after 3 years if the interest is compounded annually?
a) $5250 b) $5456 c) $5654 d) $5764
25. You plan to invest $8,000 in a savings account with an annual interest rate of 5%, compounded
quarterly. Calculate the future value of the investment after three years??
a) $9,014.24 b) $9,041.24 c) $9,401.24 d) $9,041.42
26. You borrow $10,000 at an annual interest rate of 6%, compounded quarterly. How much will you owe
after two years?
a) $11,236 b) $11,264 c) $11,381 d) $11,512
27. Which of the following is NOT a component of the Time Value of Money (TVM) concept?
a) Present value b) Future value c) Interest rate d) Risk
28. You take out a loan of $15,000 with an annual interest rate of 8%, compounded monthly. Calculate the
monthly payment if the loan is to be repaid over three years?
a) $487.61 b) $748.61 c) $478.61 d) $784.61
29. . In a software application, you have two Boolean variables, X and Y. If X is true AND Y is true, a
specific feature should be enabled. Which is the Boolean expression that represents this condition?
a) X AND Y b) X OR Y c) NOT X d) NOT B
30. Which of the following is a binary representation of the number fifteen?
a) 1110 b) 1001 c) 1011 d) 1111
31. What is the result of the bitwise AND operation between the binary numbers 1010 and 1100?
a) 1000 b) 1010 c) 1100 d) 1110
32. Which of the following is a valid Boolean expression for the logic gate AND?
a) A OR B b) A XOR B c) A AND B d) NOT A
33. In Boolean algebra, what is the identity element for the AND operation?
a) 0 b) 1 c) True d) False
34. Which of the following is a Boolean expression for the logic gate XOR?
a) A AND B b) A OR B c) NOT A d) A XOR B
35. What is the complement of the Boolean expression (A AND B)?
a) A OR B b) NOT (A OR B) c) NOT A AND NOT B d) NOT A OR NOT B
36. When designing a video game, how might you use geometry to create realistic shadows for characters
and objects in different lighting conditions?
a) Apply translation b) Use trigonometric functions
c) Implement dilation d) Utilize linear algebra
37. When creating a 3D animation, what geometric transformation would you apply to make an object
appear smaller as it moves away from the viewer?
a) Translation b) Rotation c) Scaling d) Reflection
38. What is the purpose of homogenous coordinates in computer graphics?
a) To represent points in space using four-dimensional vectors
b) To simplify the rendering process
c) To represent points in space using three-dimensional vectors
d) To improve the performance of graphics algorithms
39. Which of the following transformations is used to rotate an object in computer graphics?
a) Translation b) Rotation c) Scaling d) Shearing
40. Which of the following algorithms is used for line clipping in computer graphics?
a) Bresenham's line algorithm b) Cohen-Sutherland algorithm
 c) Midpoint circle algorithm d) Liang-Barsky algorithm
41. What is the purpose of the viewport transformation in computer graphics?
a) To define the size and position of the rendering window
b) To apply perspective projection to 3D scenes
c) To map world coordinates to screen coordinates
d) To control the intensity of lighting in a scene
42. Which of the following techniques is used for hidden surface removal in computer graphics?
a) Z-buffering b) Ray tracing c) Phong shading d) Texture mapping
43. You have a dataset of temperatures recorded every hour for a month. Which type of graph or chart
would be most suitable to visually represent the temperature variations over time?
a) Bar Chart b) Pie Chart c) Line Graph d) Scatter Plot
44. What is the purpose of exploratory data analysis (EDA)?
a) To make predictions about future events b) To summarize the data
c) To identify patterns and relationships in the data d) To visualize the data for analysis
45. What is the purpose of a boxplot in data analysis?
a) To show the distribution of a continuous variable
b) To display the relationship between two variables
c) To identify outliers in the data
d) To summarize the data
46. Which statistical measure gives the variability of a dataset around the mean?
a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) Standard deviation
47. What is the purpose of data preprocessing in data analysis?
a) To make the data more complex b) To make the data less meaningful
c) To clean and transform the data for analysis d) To reduce the size of the dataset
48. Which of the following techniques is used for outlier detection in data analysis?
a) K-means clustering b) Principal component analysis
c) Z-score normalization d) Tukey's method
49. What is the purpose of dimensionality reduction in data analysis?
a) To summarize the data b) To reduce the size of the dataset
c) To visualize high-dimensional data d) To identify patterns and relationships in the data
50. Which of the following is an example of a greedy algorithm?
a) Breadth-first search b) Depth-first search
c) Dijkstra's algorithm d) Prim's algorithm
51. You are tasked with sorting a large dataset efficiently. Which sorting algorithm would be most suitable
for its simplicity and ease of implementation?
a) Merge Sort b) Quick Sort c) Bubble Sort d) Insertion Sort
52. What is the time complexity of the bubble sort algorithm in the worst-case scenario?
a) O (n) b) O (n log n) c) O (n^2) d) O (log n)
53. Which of the following data structures is used to implement priority queues?
a) Array b) Linked list c) Heap d) Stack
54. What is the purpose of dynamic programming in algorithmic problem solving?
a) To find the optimal solution to a problem by breaking it down into smaller subproblems
b) To search for a target element in a sorted array
c) To determine the shortest path between two nodes in a graph
d) To sort a list of elements into ascending order
55. Which of the following sorting algorithms has the best average-case time complexity?
a) Bubble sort b) Insertion sort c) Quick sort d) Merge sort
56. What is the primary advantage of using binary search over linear search?
a) Binary search is easier to implement b) Binary search has a lower time complexity
c) Binary search works on unsorted arrays d) Binary search requires less memory
57. What is the value of sin (90 degrees)?
a) 1 b) 0 c) -1 d) Undefined
58. What is the value of cos (0 degrees)?
a) 1 b) 0 c) -1 d) Undefined
59. What is the value of tan (45 degrees)?
a) 1 b) 0 c) -1 d) Undefined
60. What is the relationship between the sine and cosine functions in a right triangle?
a) sin^2 (theta) + cos^2 (theta) = 1 b) sin (theta) = 1/cos (theta)
c) sin (theta) = cos (theta) d) sin (theta) = tan (theta)
61. In structural engineering, if you know the lengths of two sides of a right-angled triangle, which
trigonometric function can be used to find the angle between them?
a) Sine b) Cosine c) Tangent d) Secant
62. In civil engineering, if you know the height of a building and the angle of elevation, what trigonometric
ratio would help you find the distance from the base of the building?
a) Sine b) Cosine c) Tangent d) Secant
63. What is the period of the sine function?
a) 2*pi b) pi c) pi/2 d) 1
64. What is the objective function in an optimization problem?
a) The function to be minimized or maximized
b) The set of constraints on the decision variables
c) The values of the decision variables that satisfy the constraints
d) The optimum solution to the problem
65. What is a constraint in an optimization problem?
a) A condition that limits the values of the decision variables
b) The function to be minimized or maximized
c) The values of the decision variables that satisfy the constraints
d) The optimum solution to the problem
66. Which of the following is NOT a common technique for solving optimization problems?
a) Gradient descent b) Linear programming
c) Genetic algorithms d) Monte Carlo simulation
67. What is the difference between local and global optimization?
a) Local optimization finds the best solution within a limited region of the search space, while global
optimization finds the overall best solution.
b) Local optimization finds the overall best solution, while global optimization finds the best solution
within a limited region of the search space.
c) Local optimization always finds the global optimum, while global optimization may find only a local
optimum.
d) Local optimization always finds the local optimum, while global optimization may find only a global
optimum.
68. What is the feasible region in an optimization problem?
a) The set of points that satisfy all the constraints
b) The set of points that do not satisfy any constraints
c) The set of points that satisfy some but not all of the constraints
d) The set of points that minimize the objective function
69. Which of the following is a linear optimization problem?
a) Maximize x^2 + y^2 subject to x + y = 1 b) Maximize x^2 + y^2 subject to x^2 + y^2 <= 1
c) Maximize x + y subject to x^2 + y^2 <= 1 d) Maximize x^2 + y^2 subject to x + y <= 1
70. What is the Lagrange multiplier in optimization problems?
a) A constant used to scale the objective function b) A constant used to scale the constraints
c) A variable used to scale the objective function d) A variable used to scale the constraints
71. In hypothesis testing, if the p-value is less than the significance level (α), what decision should you
make regarding the null hypothesis?
a) Reject the null hypothesis b) Fail to reject the null hypothesis
c) Accept the null hypothesis d) Modify the null hypothesis
72. What is the purpose of hypothesis testing in statistics?
a) To make predictions about future events
b) To summarize the data
c) To evaluate the strength of relationships between variables
d) To make inferences about population parameters based on sample statistics
73. Which of the following is NOT a step-in hypothesis testing?
a) Formulating a hypothesis b) Selecting a significance level
c) Drawing a conclusion d) Choosing a sample
74. What is the purpose of statistical inference in decision making?
a) To make predictions about future events
b) To summarize the data
c) To draw conclusions about populations based on samples
d) To evaluate the strength of relationships between variables
75. Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?
a) Mean b) Variance c) Standard deviation d) Range
76. What is the purpose of confidence intervals in statistics?
a) To summarize the data
b) To estimate population parameters based on sample statistics
c) To evaluate the strength of relationships between variables
d) To make predictions about future events
77. What is a Type II error in hypothesis testing?
a) Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true b) Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false c)
Rejecting the alternative hypothesis when it is true d) Failing to reject the alternative hypothesis when it
is false
78. What is the primary use of matrices in computer graphics?
a) Representing geometric shapes b) Solving linear equations
c) Analyzing statistical data d) Cryptographic encoding
79. What is a vector in linear algebra?
a) A quantity with magnitude and direction b) A point in space
c) A line connecting two points d) A matrix with a single row or column
80. What is the dot product of two vectors?
a) The cross product of the vectors
b) The magnitude of one vector times the magnitude of the other vector times the cosine of the angle
between them
c) The sum of the products of the corresponding components of the vectors
d) The difference of the products of the corresponding components of the vectors
81. What is the inverse of a matrix?
a) A matrix obtained by multiplying each element of the original matrix by a scalar value
b) A matrix obtained by adding a scalar value to each element of the original matrix
c) A matrix obtained by interchanging its rows and columns
d) A matrix obtained by dividing each element of the original matrix by a scalar value
82. What is a matrix in linear algebra?
a) A quantity with magnitude and direction b) A point in space
c) A line connecting two points d) A rectangular array of numbers
83. How can matrices be utilized in computer graphics to perform transformations such as scaling and
rotation on 3D objects?
a) Matrix Multiplication b) Matrix Inversion
c) Matrix Determinant d) Matrix Addition
84. What is the rank of a matrix?
a) The number of rows in the matrix
b) The number of columns in the matrix
c) The number of non-zero rows in the matrix
d) The maximum number of linearly independent rows or columns in the matrix
85. In a program, if you want to execute a block of code only if a certain condition is false, which control
structure would you use?
a) If Statement b) While Loop c) For Loop d) Else Statement
86. What is the purpose of Boolean expressions in programming?
a) To represent true or false values b) To perform arithmetic operations
c) To control the flow of execution in a program d) To declare variables
87. What is the result of the Boolean expression (True AND False)?
a) True b) False c) Undefined d) Error
88. In programming, if you want a block of code to execute only when a certain condition is false, which
control structure would you use?
a) If Statement b) While Loop c) For Loop d) Else Statement
89. What is the purpose of conditional statements in programming?
a) To perform repetitive tasks
b) To execute different code based on different conditions
c) To declare variables
d) To perform arithmetic operations
90. What is the result of the Boolean expression (NOT True)?
a) True b) False c) Undefined d) Error
91. Which of the following is a logical operator in programming?
a) + b) * c) AND d) /
92. You are simulating the spread of a virus in a population. What mathematical model would you likely use
to represent the growth of infected individuals over time?
a. Linear Regression b. Exponential Growth
c. Logistic Function d. Quadratic Equation
93. Which of the following is a common technique used in simulation modeling?
a) Regression analysis b) Hypothesis testing
c) Monte Carlo simulation d) Time series analysis
94. Which of the following is NOT a type of simulation model?
a) Deterministic model b) Stochastic model c) Discrete event model d) Continuous model
 95. Which of the following is a common application of simulation modeling?
a) Weather forecasting b) Financial analysis c) Disease modeling d) All of the above
96. What is the purpose of sensitivity analysis in simulation modeling?
a) To evaluate the stability of a model b) To identify the most important variables in a model
c) To make predictions about future events d) To summarize the data
97. You are modeling the population growth of a species. What mathematical concept could be used to
represent a scenario where the population growth rate decreases over time?
a) Linear Regression b) Exponential Decay
c) Logistic Function d) Quadratic Equation
98. What is a Monte Carlo simulation?
a) A simulation technique that uses random sampling to estimate the behavior of a system
b) A simulation technique that uses historical data to make predictions about future events
c) A simulation technique that uses regression analysis to model relationships between variables
d) A simulation technique that uses time series analysis to model temporal data
99. Which of the following is an example of a physical quantity that can be calculated using integration?
a) Force b) Velocity c) Acceleration d) Work
100. If you know the velocity of an object as a function of time, how can you find the displacement of
the object over a specific time interval?
a) Take the derivative b) Perform integration
c) Calculate the limit d) Use exponential functions
101. In physics, if you know the rate at which an object is moving at any given time, what
mathematical concept would you use to find its total distance traveled?
a) Derivative b) Integral c) Limit d) Series
102. What is the relationship between velocity and displacement in physics?
a) Velocity is the derivative of displacement with respect to time
b) Displacement is the integral of velocity with respect to time
c) Velocity is the integral of displacement with respect to time
d) Displacement is the derivative of velocity with respect to time
103. What is the relationship between acceleration and velocity in physics?
a) Acceleration is the derivative of velocity with respect to time
b) Velocity is the derivative of acceleration with respect to time
c) Acceleration is the integral of velocity with respect to time
d) Velocity is the integral of acceleration with respect to time
104. Which of the following is a common application of integration in physics?
a) Calculating the area under a curve in a velocity-time graph to find the displacement of an object
b) Determining the rate of change of velocity of an object
c) Calculating the slope of a curve in a position-time graph to find the velocity of an object
d) All of the above
105. What is the purpose of integration in physics?
a) To make predictions about future events
b) To summarize the data
c) To evaluate the strength of relationships between variables
d) To calculate quantities such as area, volume, and displacement

Prepared by: Checked by:

ELYFLOR L. CORPUZ ENGR. HEHERSON A. ALCARAZ, PhD

MAT-Math Adviser

Validated by:

ARNEL A. AGUSTIN, EdD WILHELMINA C. BULLECER, PhD

Member Member

JENIFER RAYMOND R. TALLUNGAN, PhD

Chair
 MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD
Diagnostic Exam

TABLE OF SPECIFICATION

Topics Place Item No. of Items Percentage

1. Data Analytics 1-7 7 6.67
2. Cryptography 8-14 7 6.67
3. Probability 15-21 7 6.67
4. Financial Mathematics 22-28 7 6.67
5. Computer Science and Boolean Algebra 29-35 7 6.67
6. Geometry in Computer Graphics 36-42 7 6.67
7. Data Analysis and Visualization 43-49 7 6.67
8. Algorithmic Problem Solving 50-56 7 6.67
9. Trigonometry 57-63 7 6.67
10. Optimization Problem 64-70 7 6.67
11. Statistical Decision Making 71-77 7 6.67
12. Linear Algebra in Computer Graphics 78-84 7 6.67
13. Logical Reasoning in Programming 85-91 7 6.67
14. Simulation and Modelling 92-98 7 6.67
15. Integration in Physics 99-105 7 6.67