Yahia Fares University of Médéa

Faculty of Sciences
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science
1st Year Computer Science Licence Degree (L.M.D)

Algorithms and Data structure 1

2024/ 2025

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 Chapter III

Conditional structure

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Conditional structure
In some situations, instructions are only carried out if a certain
conditions are verified. This is called conditional statement or
conditional structure.
It allows to perform tests and select the instructions to execute
following the result of a condition evaluation.
There are several forms of conditional structures :
➢ Simple
➢ Alternative
➢ Nested
➢ Multiple 3
 1-Simple form
• Allows to execute of an action (simple or composite) if the result obtained
from the evaluation of a condition (logical expression) is True

Syntax : Flowchart

If condition then action ; False True

Condition

action

Note1 : If condition is False , no action

will be executed
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1-Simple form
Condition=expression
• The condition is a simple boolean expression or a sequence of logical
expressions (compound condition).

• A simple condition is made up of a single comparison operator (=, <>, <, ≤, >,≥)

• A compound condition is a condition made up of several simple conditions

linked by logical operators: AND, OR and NOT.

Condition = cond1 and cond2 or cond3...

E.g. : (X> 40) and (Y<20) or (X = Y) is a compound condition
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1-Simple form

Expression

Comparison Logical

If x > 10 Then write If age >= 18 If is_valid AND

("x is greater than Then write ("You is_authenticated Then write
10“) ; are an adult“); ("Access granted“);
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1-Simple form
Example

Read (age);
If age >=18 then write (’’You are adult’’);

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1-Simple form
Note2 : If Action consists of several instructions (2 or more), they
must be put in a block delimited by "Begin" and "End".

Syntax :
If condition Then
Begin
Action1;
Action2;
…
Actionn;
End ;
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1-Simple form

Example :

If X>10 Then
Begin
XX*2;
Read(Y);
Write(X+Y);
End ;

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2-Alternative Form
It allows the execution of actions (simple or compound) based on
the result obtained from the evaluation of the condition, we have
two possibilities :
1. if the condition is True, the first action will be executed
2. if the condition is False, the second action (alternative) will be
executed.

Syntax :
if condition then Action1 ;
else Action2 ;
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2-Alternative Form

Flow diagram:

False Condition True

Action2 Action1

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2-Alternative Form
Example:

Read (a);
if a = 0 then Write (a is null) ;
else Write ( a is not null) ;

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2-Alternative Form
Exercise : Write an algorithm that, based on an amount, displays the amount
to be paid, knowing that a 10% discount is deducted for any amount greater
than or equal to 3500 DZD.
Solution 1
Algorithm paid_amount ;
Const disc = 0.1 ;
Var amount, discount : Real;
Begin
discount  0 ;
Read(amount);
If amount>= 3500 Then discount  amount * disc;
Write (amount - discount) ;
End. 13
2-Alternative Form
Solution 2
Algorithm paid_amount ;
Var amount , amouP : real;
Begin
Read (amount) ;
If amount>= 3500 then amouP  amount*0.9 ;
else amouP amount;
Write (amouP) ;
End. 14
3-Nested Form
A nested conditional structure is a conditional statement that is contained
within another conditional statement (If or else). This allows to test multiple
conditions and execute different actions depending on the results of the tests.
Syntax 1: Syntax 2:

If condition1 then If condition1 then Action1

If condition2 then else If condition2 then Action2
…. else
if conditionn then ….
…. If conditionn-1 then Actionn-1
else Actionn

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3-Nested Form
Example :
Write(Enter your score );
Read (a) ;
if a>=10 then
if a < 16 then Write(Good) ;
else Write (excellent) ;
else Write(Not good) ;

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4-Multiple form
Multiple condition (or multi-way decision) statement, Switch allows to execute
actions among many alternatives, depending on the value of an expression.
This is similar to a multiple if-else statement but is more efficient and easier to
read and write for cases with many possible values.
Syntax:
Switch expression
begin
case value1 : action1 ;
case value2 : action2 ; Note1 : The default statement is optional.
… Note2 : Value1 … Valuen must be from the
case valuen : actionn same type as expression.
default : actionn+1 ;
end ; 17
4-Multiple form
Flow diagram
False True
expression=value1

Action1
False True
expression=value2

Action2

False expression=value True

n

Actionn+1 Actionn …

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4-Multiple form
Example :
Algorithm Display_day;
Var day : integer ;
Begin
Read (day) ;
Switch day
begin
case 1 : Write (Sunday) ;
case 2 : Write (Monday);
case 3 : Write (Tuesday) ;
case 4 : Write (Wednesday) ;
case 5 : Write (Thursday);
case 6 : Write (Friday);
case 7 : Write (Saturday)
default : Write (No matching day);
end;
end. 19
 Exercise
• Write an algorithm to solve a first-degree equation: ax + b = 0

Analysis

Case1 : Case 2 :
a=0 a≠0

b = 0 : has infinite x = -b/a

number of real solutions
(Set=R)

b ≠ 0 : No solution 20
Solution
Algorithm Sol_1st_deg_eq ;
Var x, a, b : real ;
Begin
Write (Enter a and b :);
Read (a, b) ;
if a = 0 then
if b = 0 then write (Infinite number of real solutions) ;
else write (There is no solution) ;
else begin
x  -b/a ;
write (The solution is : , x) ;
end ;
End.
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Translation into Language

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Translate in C: (if)

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Translate in C: (if-else)

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Translate in C: (Nested if-else)

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Translate in C: (Switch case)

• break : allows to exit switch statement. If there is no ’break’ after printf then subsequent expression
will also get evaluated until we reach the next ’break’.
• default : is executed if no case value is equal to the value of x 26
Translate in C: (Switch case)

not allowed for a float

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