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Ile 4

The document outlines various SQL commands and clauses, including table creation, deletion, and data manipulation techniques such as INSERT, SELECT, and UPDATE queries. It also covers advanced topics like JOIN operations, constraints, and set operations like UNION and INTERSECT. Each section provides detailed explanations and examples for effective SQL usage.

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7 views1 page

Ile 4

The document outlines various SQL commands and clauses, including table creation, deletion, and data manipulation techniques such as INSERT, SELECT, and UPDATE queries. It also covers advanced topics like JOIN operations, constraints, and set operations like UNION and INTERSECT. Each section provides detailed explanations and examples for effective SQL usage.

Uploaded by

PT A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL

11. SQL ─ CREATE Table ................................................................................................................................ 48


SQL - Creating a Table from an Existing Table ............................................................................................... 49

12. SQL ─ DROP or DELETE Table ................................................................................................................... 51

13. SQL ─ INSERT Query ................................................................................................................................ 53

14. SQL ─ SELECT Query ................................................................................................................................ 56

15. SQL ─ WHERE Clause ............................................................................................................................... 59

16. SQL ─ AND & OR Conjunctive Operators ................................................................................................. 62


The AND Operator ......................................................................................................................................... 62
The OR Operator ........................................................................................................................................... 63

17. SQL ─ UPDATE Query .............................................................................................................................. 66

18. SQL ─ DELETE Query ................................................................................................................................ 69

19. SQL ─ LIKE Clause .................................................................................................................................... 72

20. SQL ─ TOP, LIMIT or ROWNUM Clause .................................................................................................... 76

21. SQL ─ ORDER BY Clause ........................................................................................................................... 79

22. SQL ─ Group By ....................................................................................................................................... 82

23. SQL ─ Distinct Keyword ........................................................................................................................... 86

24. SQL ─ SORTING Results ........................................................................................................................... 89

25. SQL ─ Constraints .................................................................................................................................... 92


SQL - NOT NULL Constraint ........................................................................................................................... 92
SQL - DEFAULT Constraint ............................................................................................................................. 93
SQL - UNIQUE Constraint ............................................................................................................................... 94
SQL ─ Primary Key.......................................................................................................................................... 95
SQL ─ Foreign Key .......................................................................................................................................... 96
SQL ─ CHECK Constraint ................................................................................................................................ 98
SQL ─ INDEX Constraint ................................................................................................................................. 99
Dropping Constraints ................................................................................................................................... 101
Integrity Constraints .................................................................................................................................... 101

26. SQL ─ Using Joins .................................................................................................................................. 102


SQL - INNER JOIN ......................................................................................................................................... 103
SQL ─ LEFT JOIN ........................................................................................................................................... 105
SQL - RIGHT JOIN ......................................................................................................................................... 107
SQL ─ FULL JOIN ........................................................................................................................................... 109
SQL ─ SELF JOIN ........................................................................................................................................... 111
SQL ─ CARTESIAN or CROSS JOIN ................................................................................................................. 113

27. SQL ─ UNIONS CLAUSE .......................................................................................................................... 116


The UNION ALL Clause ................................................................................................................................. 119
SQL ─ INTERSECT Clause .............................................................................................................................. 121
SQL ─ EXCEPT Clause ................................................................................................................................... 123
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