Landscape Lighting

Basic concepts
“Take control of what is seen”

Light selected areas/ elements

Lighting types

 Ornamental lighting
 for visual appeal
 the lighting design depends on where you want to see the
outdoor spaces or elements from
 from the outdoor space(s)
 from the house (which rooms?)
 from both

The idea is not only to create dramatic focal points, but also an
atmosphere and a pleasing, balanced view of the open spaces
 Amenity lighting
 To provide general lighting to a lawn or paved space
 Important to provide sufficient light without glare

 Task lighting
 To provide light for a specific task
 A barbecue area
 A sports court
 Access lighting
 To provide sufficient lighting for safe movement
 Paths
 Steps
 doors
 consider safe access from 2 view-points
 A regular user who knows the lay out
 A first-time visitor
 Light
 Roads
 Paths
 Steps and level changes

 Security lighting
 to provide light to otherwise hidden areas
 To give the illusion of occupancy
Lighting effects

 Downlighting

 Uplighting

 Moonlighting

 Shadow and texture lighting

 Accent lighting

 Silhouetting

 Bounce lighting
Downlighting

 Less striking than uplighting (more ‘normal’ to our eyes)

 High contrast between upper and lower surfaces
 Beam onto road or path
 Can be used to create texture patterns on floor surfaces

 Less disruptive than uplighting

Uplighting

 Most dramatic (counters our usual experience)

 Usually to accent plants or other landscape features
 Gives a glowing effect
 Through spikes or buried lights

 Should be used carefully

 Light pollution
 Disruption to fauna
 Disruption to plant bio-rhythms
Moonlighting

 From lamps mounted high on trees, poles or walls

 Soft light, spread over a large area
 Minimum contrast
 Very little shadow
 Mimics soft moonlight

 Useful
 Along paths
 In transition spaces
 In intimate, compact spaces
Shadow and texture lighting

 Achieved by lighting subjects from the side or

uplighting
 Interesting texture effects can be achieved
 Can create interesting patterns in lawn or paved areas
 Objects with unique characters create the most
interesting textures

 Be careful that surrounding light levels are not too high

Silhouetting

 Achieved by lighting the

background plane
 Objects in the foreground
appear outlined
 Background needs to be
reasonably close to the
object
Bounce lighting
 Indirect lighting of a space or element
through the bouncing of light off a
reflective surface
 Can be used to fill in inter-spaces
between other light effects
Accent lighting
 Often through spotlighting a specific
landscape element
 Can be done through up-or-
downlighting, spotlighting etc.
 Usually through a sharp contrast with
the surrounding elements or space
The lumen is the SI derived unit of
luminous flux, a measure of the total
quantity of visible light emitted by a
source.

Lumens are related to lux in that one lux is

one lumen per square meter.
Types of Lamps

LED

Metal halide

Sodium vapour

PAR/Incandescent

Halogen
Advantages of LED Lights
 Energy efficient - LEDs are capable of outputting 135 lumens/watt

 Long Lifetime - 50,000 hours or more if properly engineered

 Rugged - LEDs are also called “Solid State Lighting (SSL) as they are
made of solid material with no filament or tube or bulb to break

 No warm-up period - LED’s light instantly

 Not affected by cold temperatures - LEDs like low temperatures and

will start up even in sub-zero weather
 Directional - With LEDs you can direct the light where you want it,
thus no light is wasted

 LEDs are far cheaper (when including running and maintenance

costs) than incandescent or halogen sources and are close in cost
to compact fluorescent lamps.

 Excellent Color Rendering - LEDs do not wash out colours like other
light sources such as fluorescents, making them perfect for displays
and retail applications

 Environmentally friendly - LEDs contain no mercury (though they do

contain other toxins)

 Controllable - LEDs can be controlled for brightness and color

Disadvantages and challenges in using LEDs
 LEDs are currently more expensive, per lumen, on an initial capital cost
basis, than more conventional lighting technologies

 LED performance largely depends on correctly engineering the fixture to

manage the heat generated by the LED; failure to do so may result in
overheating of the LED package and device failure

 LEDs must be supplied with the correct voltage and current at a constant
flow. This requires some electronics expertise to design the electronic
drivers

 LEDs can shift color with age and temperature. Also two different white
LEDs from different manufacturers may have two different color
characteristics, which affects how the light is perceived
 Lead, Nickel and Copper in LEDs can cause environmental damage

 Potential health concerns refer to damage to the eye due to the toxic effect of
blue light and the risk of glare

 The blue light necessary to obtain white LEDs can cause "toxic stress" to the
retina
 Depends on the accumulated dose of blue light to which the person has
been exposed
 Is generally the result of low-intensity exposure repeated over long periods
 Three groups are particularly at risk
 Children
 Populations which are already light-sensitive
 Workers likely to be exposed to high-intensity lighting
BRONCO Light Distribution
Specification
IEC Standard IEC 60598-1 General Requirement
IEC 60598-2-1 Fixed Luminaires
Protection IP65 Class I
IK Rating Protection against mechanical impact IK10 on body and IK07 on
optical part.
Luminaires Body Housing High-pressure Die Cast Aluminium alloy
body and components.
Extruded Aluminium S6063 alloy body with low copper content.
Coating Process Nano Ceramic surface conversion, resistant to
corrosive environment. Luminiare primarily coated with epoxy resin
and top coated with UV stabilized polyester powder and cured in digital
temperature controlled chamber at 200°C.
Lens Molded PC lens from renowned manufacturers in various light
distribution patterns.
Gasket Post-cured treated silicone gasket. Temperature and weather
resistant. Working temperature -40°C to +200°C.
External screws External screws are in stainless steel with protection
Dimension grease
Cable Entry Cable entry protected by weather proof grommet. To be used
with H05RN-F/ H07RN-F cable with 6-13mm. diameter.
LED High efficiency LED module utilized chips. Assembled on MCPCB and
mounted on to heat conductive material.
The whole systems tested to be operated under maximum ambient
environment up to +40°C.
Driver High quality constant current LED driver. Conform to safety standard
and electromagnetic compatibility standard.
Internal wire Tinned copper conductor with silicone insulated internal wire
from ENCO or equivalents. IMQ approved. Working temperature -40°C to
+180°C.
Terminal Block/ Connector Assembled with quick connector for cable with
cross section up to 2.5mm² from ADELS or equivalents. VDE approved.
Class1 luminaire provided with the earth connection.
ZOUK Light Distribution

Dimension
Colour rendering index

 the most useful measure of a light source's colour characteristics is colour rendering
index (CRI)
 in general terms, CRI is a measure of a light source's ability to show object colors
"realistically" or "naturally" compared to a familiar reference source, either
incandescent light or daylight

 A CRI of 100 represents the maximum value

 lower CRI values indicate that some colours may appear unnatural when
illuminated by the lamp.

 incandescent lamps have a CRI above 95

 LEDs have a CRI usually ranging from 80 to 95
 cool white fluorescent lamps have a CRI of 62
Kelvin Colour Temperature Scale
 colour temperatures are measured in degrees Kelvin (K)
 lower temperatures tend to produce a warmer amber light
 higher temperatures produce a cooler, whiter light

 the primary Kelvin range used in residential outdoor lighting is between 2500k-
4000k
 as a rule of thumb, warmer colour temperatures are used on architectural elements
(between 2500k-2700k)
 slightly cooler temperatures are used on plant material in a landscape (generally
3000k-4000k)

 many plant specimens appear more natural when illuminated by a higher Kelvin
light source. When downlighting from high up, down into trees, 4000k is best as it
mimics the colour of natural moonlight (commonly referred to as “moonlighting”)
Ingress Protection Ratings IP65, IP66, IP67 and IP68
A fixture rated with any of these ratings is equally protected against dust, dirt, sand, and debris (as
indicated by the “6” digit). The liquid/water protection for each of these three ratings is unique.

IP65
 protected against multi-directional, low-pressure water jets
 water projected by a 0.25-inch nozzle for a minimum of fifteen minutes

IP66
 protected against multi-directional, high-pressure water jets
 water projected by a 0.50-inch nozzle for a minimum of three minutes, at a distance of three
yards

IP67
 protected from water immersion between 5.9 inches and 39.37 inches (1m)
 must not permit ingress of harmful quantities of water when fully immersed

IP68
 protected from water immersion over 39.37 inches (1m)
 must not permit ingress of harmful quantities of water when fully immersed
IP Rating: First Digit (Protection against solids)
 0 – No protection against entrance by an object
 1 – >50 mm in size; fixture protected against entry
 2 – >12.5 mm in size; fixture protected against entry
 3 – > 2.5 mm in size; fixture protected against entry
 4 – >1 mm in size; fixture protected against entry
 5 – Dust protected; dust has to enter in large amounts to interfere with operation
 6 – Dust tight; impossible for dust to enter
 x – Undetermined; not defined

IP Rating: Second Digit (Protection against liquids)

 0 – No fixture protection against entry by water
 1 – Dripping water; no damaging effect on fixture against vertical dripping water
 2 – Dripping water tilted up to 15°; no damaging effect on fixture against vertical dripping water
 3 – Spraying water; no damaging effect on fixture at any angle up to 60°
 4 – Splashing water; no damaging effect on fixture at any angle
 5 – Water jets; no damaging effect on fixture from water projected by a 6.3 mm nozzle
 6 – Powerful water jets; no damaging effect on fixture from water projected by a 12.5 mm nozzle
 7 – Immersion up to 1 m; water will not enter the fixture
 8 – Immersion beyond 1 m; fixture is suitable for continuous immersion in water