Part 1: Sequences 24.

a) Snowflakes

Multiple-Choice Questions (1-10): 25. a) Leaf arrangement in plants

1. a) 23 26. b) Fractals

2. b) 7 27. b) The number of spirals on a sunflower

3. b) 243 28. b) Hexagon

4. a) 28 29. a) Fibonacci spiral

5. b) 3 30. b) Fibonacci sequence

6. a) 2 Short Answer (31-40):

7. c) 6n - 5 31. The sequence relates to the spirals in

sunflower seeds, where each spiral is a
8. b) 1, 3, 5, 7, ...
Fibonacci number.
9. b) 13
32. Fractals describe coastlines because of
10. b) 39 their repeating, self-similar patterns at
various scales.
Short Answer (11-20):
33. The golden ratio is used in architecture
11. The 12th term is 34. and art for aesthetically pleasing
12. The first term is 2. proportions, like in the Parthenon.

13. The sum of the first 8 terms is 72. 34. Sequences appear in the reproduction
patterns of rabbits, modeled by the
14. The sum of the first 6 terms is 364. Fibonacci sequence.
15. The nth term is 5 * 4^(n-1). 35. Bees use a hexagonal pattern to minimize
16. The 1st term is 8. the use of wax while maximizing space in
honeycombs.
17. The common ratio is 2.
36. Fractals apply to tree structures because
18. The 10th term is 34. of the repeating branching pattern.
19. The 6th term is 405. 37. The golden ratio is considered "perfect"
because it appears in many natural
20. The 1st term is 11.
forms, such as human faces and shells.

38. A sequence applies to tree branches,

Part 2: Mathematics in Nature where each new branch forms based on
a pattern.
Multiple-Choice Questions (21-30):
39. Snowflakes exhibit symmetry, as each
21. a) The number of petals in a flower
arm grows in a similar, balanced manner.
22. a) 1.618
40. Sequences are used to model population
23. b) Fibonacci sequence growth, where each new generation is
based on the sum of previous ones.
 6. Six more than three times a number is
equal to twenty-one:
Part 3: Abstract Reasoning
3x + 6 = 21
Multiple-Choice Questions (41-50):
7. 5x - 8 = 12 (Translate to an English
41. Answer depends on the pattern sentence):
(assumed correct sequence here). Five times a number minus eight is
twelve.
42. Answer depends on the pattern
(assumed correct sequence here). 8. A number decreased by 12 is equal to 8:
x - 12 = 8
43. a) ◆
9. Seven times the difference between a
44. a) 32 number and four is thirty-five:
45. b) Circle 7(x - 4) = 35

46. a) ■ 10. x / 5 = 3 (Translate to an English

sentence):
47. b) 25 The quotient of a number and five is
48. a) ◼◼◼◼◻ three.

49. b) 19 11. Half of a number increased by five is

equal to ten:
Part 1: Translating English Sentences to (1/2)x + 5 = 10
Mathematical Sentences and Vice Versa
12. 3 + 2x = 9 (Translate to an English
1. The sum of twice a number and five is sentence):
equal to seventeen: Three plus twice a number is nine.
2x + 5 = 17
13. The difference of a number and eight is
2. The product of a number and nine is at least six:
greater than twenty: x-8≥6
9x > 20
14. The square of a number is greater than
3. 4x + 3 = 19 (Translate to an English sixteen:
sentence): x² > 16
The sum of four times a number and
three is nineteen. 15. The sum of a number and twice the same
number equals thirty-six:
4. The quotient of a number and seven is x + 2x = 36
less than or equal to three:
x/7≤3

5. 2(x - 5) = 10 (Translate to an English Part 2: Writing Sets Using Roster and Rule
sentence): Method
Twice the difference of a number and 1. The set of all vowels in the English
five is ten. alphabet:
Roster: {a, e, i, o, u}
 Rule: {x | x is a vowel in the English 11. The set of whole numbers between 3
alphabet} and 9:
Roster: {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
2. The set of odd numbers less than 15:
Rule: {x | 3 < x < 9, x is a whole number}
Roster: {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13}
Rule: {x | x is an odd number, x < 15} 12. The set of consonants in the word
"LOGIC":
3. The set of natural numbers between 5
Roster: {L, G, C}
and 12:
Rule: {x | x is a consonant in "LOGIC"}
Roster: {6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}
Rule: {x | 5 < x < 12, x is a natural 13. The set of integers greater than -2 but
number} less than 4:
Roster: {-1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
4. The set of prime numbers less than 10:
Rule: {x | -2 < x < 4, x is an integer}
Roster: {2, 3, 5, 7}
Rule: {x | x is a prime number, x < 10} 14. The set of positive divisors of 12:
Roster: {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12}
5. The set of letters in the word
Rule: {x | x is a positive divisor of 12}
"MATHEMATICS":
Roster: {M, A, T, H, E, I, C, S} 15. The set of letters in the word "SET":
Rule: {x | x is a letter in "MATHEMATICS"} Roster: {S, E, T}
Rule: {x | x is a letter in "SET"}
6. The set of multiples of 3 that are less
than 20:
Roster: {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18}
Part 3: Identifying the Kinds of Sets
Rule: {x | x = 3n, n is a natural number, x
< 20} 1. The set of all even numbers:
Infinite
7. The set of even numbers between 1 and
10: 2. The set of months in a year:
Roster: {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} Finite
Rule: {x | x is even, 1 < x < 10}
3. The set of integers greater than 0 but less
8. The set of months of the year that start than 1:
with the letter "J": Null (Empty)
Roster: {January, June, July}
Rule: {x | x is a month of the year that 4. The set of natural numbers less than 50:
starts with "J"} Finite

9. The set of square numbers less than 30: 5. The set of prime numbers:
Roster: {1, 4, 9, 16, 25} Infinite
Rule: {x | x = n², n is a natural number, x 6. The set of vowels in the word “CAT”:
< 30} Finite
10. The set of days in a week: 7. The set of real numbers between 1 and
Roster: {Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, 2:
Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday} Infinite
Rule: {x | x is a day in the week}
 8. The set of all letters in the alphabet: 6. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, A = {1, 3, 5}. Find
Finite A':
A' = {2, 4, 6}
9. The set of days in February 2020:
Finite 7. Let A = {2, 4, 6}, B = {3, 6, 9}. Find A ∩ B:
A ∩ B = {6}
10. The set of whole numbers less than 100:
Finite 8. Let A = {a, e, i, o, u}, B = {i, o, u}. Find A –
B:
11. The set of solutions to the equation x² +
A – B = {a, e}
4 = 0:
Null (Empty) 9. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, A = {2, 4}. Find A':
A' = {1, 3, 5}

10. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {4, 5, 6}. Find A ∪ B:

12. The set of factors of 10:

A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Finite

13. The set of even prime numbers:

Singleton (Contains only {2}) 11. Let A = {red, blue, green}, B = {yellow,
blue, black}. Find A ∩ B:
14. The set of people with blue eyes:
A ∩ B = {blue}
Finite
12. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {3, 4, 5, 6}. Find A
15. The set of odd numbers between 0 and
– B:
10:
A – B = {1, 2}
Finite
13. Let A = {x | x is a letter in "HOUSE"}, B =
Part 4: Performing Operations on Sets
{x | x is a letter in "MOUSE"}. Find A ∩ B:
1. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {3, 4, 5, 6}. Find A A ∩ B = {O, U, S, E}
∩ B:
14. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, A = {1, 3}. Find A':
A ∩ B = {3, 4}
A' = {2, 4, 5}
2. Let A = {x | x is a prime number less than
A ∪ B:
15. Let A = {10, 20, 30}, B = {20, 40, 60}. Find

10}. Find A ∪ B:
10}, B = {x | x is an odd number less than
A ∪ B = {10, 20, 30, 40, 60}

A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9}
A = {2, 3, 5, 7}, B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
16. Let A = {apple, banana}, B = {banana,
cherry}. Find A ∩ B:
3. Let A = {a, b, c}, B = {b, c, d}. Find A – B:
A ∩ B = {banana}
A – B = {a}
17. Let U = {a, b, c, d}, A = {a, c}. Find A':

∪ B:
4. Let A = {5, 10, 15}, B = {10, 20, 30}. Find A
A' = {b, d}

A ∪ B = {5, 10, 15, 20, 30} 18. Let A = {5, 10, 15}, B = {10, 20, 30}. Find A
– B:
5. Let A = {x | x is an even number}, B = {x |
A – B = {5, 15}
x is a multiple of 4}. Find A ∩ B:
A ∩ B = {x | x is a multiple of 4} 19. Let U = {a, e, i, o, u}, A = {a, e}. Find A':
A' = {i, o, u}
 20. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {1, 3, 5}. Find A ∩ B: 12. Find the range of f(x) = x² for x = {−2, −1,
A ∩ B = {1, 3} 0, 1}:
Range: {0, 1, 4}

13. Is f(x) = 1/x a one-to-one function?

Part 5: Relations and Functions
Yes, it is one-to-one.
1. Determine whether the relation R = {(1,
14. Is f(x) = x³ a one-to-one function?
2), (2, 3), (3, 4)} is a function:
Yes, it is one-to-one.
Yes, it is a function.
15. Find the range of f(x) = 3x + 1 for x = {1,
2. Is the relation R = {(x, y) | y = x²} a
2, 3}:
function?
Range: {4, 7, 10}
Yes, it is a function.

3. Find the domain of the function f(x) = 2x

+ 3: Part 6: Logic
Domain: All real numbers (−∞, ∞)
1. Determine the truth value of the
4. Find the range of the function f(x) = 3x − statement: "If it rains, then the ground is
1 for x = {0, 1, 2}: wet."
Range: {−1, 2, 5} True

5. Is the relation R = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 2), (4, 2. What is the negation of the statement
2)} a function? "All students are hardworking"?
Yes, it is a function. Some students are not hardworking.

value of p ∧ q?
6. Find the domain of f(x) = 1/x: 3. If p is true and q is false, what is the truth
Domain: All real numbers except 0 (x ≠
0) False

value of p ∨ q?
7. Determine whether f(x) = x² is a one-to- 4. If p is false and q is true, what is the truth
one function:
No, it is not one-to-one. True

8. Determine whether the relation R = {(a, 5. Determine the truth value of the
b), (b, c), (a, c)} is a function: statement: "It is not true that the sun
No, it is not a function. rises in the west."
True
9. Is the relation R = {(2, 4), (3, 9), (4, 16)} a
function? 6. What is the negation of the statement
Yes, it is a function. "Some cats are black"?
No cats are black.
10. Find the domain of f(x) = sqrt(x):
Domain: x ≥ 0 7. If p is true and q is false, what is the truth
value of p → q?
11. Determine whether the function f(x) = x
False
+ 2 is an onto function:
Yes, it is an onto function. 8. Write the contrapositive of the
statement "If it is raining, then the
ground is wet.":
 If the ground is not wet, then it is not
raining.

9. Write the converse of the statement "If it

is raining, then the ground is wet.":
If the ground is wet, then it is raining.

10. Determine the truth value of p ↔ q,

where p is true and q is false:
False

Part 7: Proving Logic Equivalence

1. Prove that ¬(p ∧ q) is logically equivalent

to ¬p ∨ ¬q:
De Morgan's law

2. Prove that p ∧ (p ∨ q) is logically

equivalent to p:
Absorption law

3. Prove that ¬(p ∨ q) is logically equivalent

to ¬p ∧ ¬q:
De Morgan's law

4. Prove that p ∨ (p ∧ q) is logically

equivalent to p:
Absorption law

5. Prove that p ∨ ¬p is a tautology:

Law of excluded middle

6. Prove that p ∧ ¬p is a contradiction:

Law of contradiction

7. Show that (p ∨ q) ∧ ¬(p ∨ q) is a

contradiction:
Law of contradiction

to (p → q) ∧ (q → p):
8. Prove that p ↔ q is logically equivalent

Biconditional equivalence