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Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 5
(Week 8)
Probabilities of Simple Events
About the Module

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
about Probabilities of Simple Events. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module contains:

Lesson 1 – Probability of a Simple Event

After going through this module, you are expected to:

 define the probability of an event; and
 find the probability of an event.

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 What I Know (Pre-Test)

Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your chosen answer on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which event is certain?
A. It will rain today. C. The tree will talk in the afternoon.
B. Stone will sink in water. D. A mother will give birth to a baby girl.

2. Which event is impossible?

A. December comes after November.
B. Easter Sunday is celebrated in March.
C. A Filipino wins an Olympic gold medal.
D. Valentine’s Day falls on Friday the 13th.

3. A die is rolled. What is the probability that a prime number comes up?
5 3 1 1
A. B. C. D.
6 4 2 3

4. What is the probability of getting a black diamond in a single draw of a card

from an ordinary deck of playing cards?
1 1
A. B. 0 C. D. 1
4 52

5. What is the probability of obtaining an odd number with one throw of a die?
5 3 1 1
A. B. C. D.
6 4 2 3

6. A class has 15 boys and 20 girls. If a student is picked at random, what is the
probability that the student is a girl?
4 3 3 2
A. B. C. D.
7 7 4 3

7. What is the probability of getting a club from a deck of cards?

1 1
A. 1 B. 0 C. D.
52 4

8. Janice is asked to choose a day from a week. What is the probability of

choosing a day which starts with S?
1 1 2
A. B. 2 C. D. 2
7 7

9. If a pregnant woman will give birth to a child, what is the probability that
the child is a male?
1
A. 1 B. C. 0 D. ¼
2

10. In a box, there are 4 green balls, 6 blue balls, and 8 red balls. Find the
probability of getting a ball that is not red.
1 3 5 7
A. B. C. D.
3 18 9 9

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 Lesson
PROBABILITY OF A SIMPLE EVENT
1

What I Need To Know

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
o define the probability of an event;
o find the probability of an event; and
o solve problems involving probabilities of simple events.

What’s In

In our daily lives, some things will happen with certainty, and some will not. On
the other hand, there are some situations where the results will not be sure until they
occur.

Who Serves First?

In a tennis match, the chance to serve first is

determined by a coin toss. The player who wins the
coin toss gets to choose whether to serve or to
receive. The loser in the coin toss has no choice but
to follow the winner’s decision.

If you were the player, would you choose head or tail? Why?

In this module, you will know the number of possible outcomes of a simple chance
situation. In order to master the pattern of uncertainty of things in nature and in our daily
lives, a branch of Mathematics called “probability” was developed. Read and you will
find out more about the probability of an event or an outcome.

What’s New

Probability is the branch of mathematics concerned with analyzing the chance

that a particular event will occur. Its purpose is to attempt to predict the likelihood that
something will or will not happen.

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 The probability of an event, P (event), is a number from 0 to 1 which tells
how likely the event is to happen.

0 0.50 1

0.25 0.75
If the event will never happen, then the probability is 0.
If the event is sure to happen, then the probability is 1.

What is It

In a sample space of equally likely outcomes, the probability of an event,

denoted as P(E), is computed on the basis of favorable outcomes and the number of
possible outcomes.

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑛(𝐸)

𝑃 (𝐸) = =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑛(𝑆)

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:
1. In throwing a fair die, find the probability of getting:
a. a 3
b. an even number
c. a number greater than 4

Solution:
1 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 1
a. P (3) = =
6 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 6
3 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 3 1
b. P (even number) = = =
6 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 6 2
2 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 2 1
c. P (number greater than 4) = = =
6 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 6 3

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2. A card is drawn at random from a deck of 52 playing cards. Find the probability
that the card drawn is:
a. an ace
b. a red card
c. 1
d. 10

Solution:
4 1
a. P (ace) = =
52 13
26 1
b. P (red card) = =
52 2
0
c. P (1) = = 0
52
4 1
d. P (10) = =
52 13

3. There are 2 red balls, 3 yellow balls and 4 green balls in a bag. If a ball is
drawn at random from the bag, find the probability that the ball is
a. red b. yellow c. green

Solution:
Total number of balls: 2 + 3 + 4 = 9
2
a. P (red) =
9
3 1
b. P (yellow) = =
9 3
4
c. P (green) =
9

4. A circle is divided into 12 equal parts to form a spinner. It is numbered as

shown on the right. When it is spun, what is the probability that it will stop at
a:
a. 07?
b. prime number?
c. number between 05 and 10?
d. negative number?

Solution:
1
a. P (7) =
12
5
b. P (prime number) =
12
4 1
c. P (number between 05 and 10) = =
12 3
0
d. P (negative number) = = 0
12

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 What’s More

NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!

1. Fifteen identical cards are labeled 1 to 15. Find the probability that a card drawn
at random may be:
a. an odd number
b. a multiple of 5
c. less than 8 but greater than 3
d. a factor of 15

2. A bag contains 10 red marbles, 6 yellow marbles, 12 orange marbles and 2 black
marbles. A marble is picked at a random. Find the probability that it is:
a. red
b. yellow
c. orange
d. black

3. A card is drawn at random from a deck of 52 playing cards. Find the probability
that the card drawn is:
a. an ace
b. a spade
c. a picture card
d. a 12

4. In a box of 30 eggs, 20% are rotten.

a. How many eggs are rotten in the box?
b. If an egg is selected randomly, find the probability that it is a good egg.

What I Need to Remember

 Probability is the branch of mathematics concerned with

analyzing the chance that a particular event will occur. Its
purpose is to attempt to predict the likelihood that
something will or will not happen.

 Probability of an event E is

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑛(𝐸)

𝑃 (𝐸) = =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑛(𝑆)

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  Probability is a value between 0 and 1 inclusive. When an
event is impossible to happen, its probability is 0. When an
event is certain to happen, its probability is 1. The closer a
probability is to 1, the more likely it is to happen.

 To solve probability problems:

 Identify the events for which probability is to be
determined;
 Calculate the number of possible outcomes;
 Calculate the probability of each event; and
 Add the probability of each event (if it is required).

What I Can Do

DO THIS !!!

Students were asked whether they liked to sing or dance. 50% of the
students said they like to sing. 12% claimed they liked to sing and
dance. 35% claimed they liked to dance.

a. Draw a Venn Diagram to illustrate the situation.

b. What percent of the students only liked to sing?
c. What percent of the students only liked to dance?
d. If a student is picked at random, what is the probability that
he or she only liked to dance?

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. Assessment (Post Test)

Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your chosen answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which event is impossible?

A. Sugar dissolves in water. C. June comes after July.
B. A whale will drown at sea. D. I will pass the test next week.

2. Which event is unlikely to happen?

A. You will obtain a college degree.
B. You will become an international celebrity.
C. A person wins the grand prize in lotto.
D. The next Philippine president is a 12-year old student.

3. A die is rolled. What is the probability that 0 comes up?

5 3 1
A. B. C. D. 0
6 4 2

4. What is the probability of getting a red card in a single draw of a card from
an ordinary deck of playing cards?
1 1
A. B. 0 C. D. 1
2 52

5. Dario is asked to choose a month of the year. What is the probability of

choosing a month which starts with J?
3 1 1
A. B. C. D. 0
4 2 4

6. What is the probability of obtaining an even number with one throw of a die?
5 3 1 1
A. B. C. D.
6 4 2 3

7. If a pregnant woman will give birth to a child, what is the probability that
the child is a female?
1 1
A. 1 B. C. 0 D. 4
2

8. A class has 25 boys and 19 girls. If a student is picked at random, what is the
probability that the student is a girl?
19 25 19 19
A. B. C. D.
25 19 44 45

9. What is the probability of getting a 4 from a deck of cards?

4 1 1
A. B. 0 C. D.
13 13 4

10. A basket has 5 red balls, 1 black ball, 3 blue balls and 8 yellow balls. Find
the probability of getting a ball that is not black.
1 3 8 16
A. B. C. D.
17 17 17 17

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 ANSWER KEY

Remember: This portion of the module contains all the answers. Your
HONESTY is required.

WHAT’S MORE

References:
Books:
Abuzo, Emmanuel P., et al. Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module, “Introduction to
Probability”, Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat.
2nd Floor Dorm G, Philsports Complex, Meralco Avenue, Pasig City. 2013

Crisostomo, Ricardo M., et.al. Our World of Math “Applying Counting Principles to
Probability”, Vibal Publishing House Inc.,1253 G. Araneta Ave., Quezon City, 2013

Glorial, Jonathan C., et. al., Phoenix Math for the 21st Century Learners Second
Edition, “Meaning of Probability”, Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 927, Quezon
Avenue, Quezon City, 2017

Nivera, Gladys C. Ph.D. Grade 8 Mathematics Patterns and Practicalities,

“Understanding Probability”, Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press Inc., Antonio
Arnaiz cor. Chico Roces Avenues, Makati City, 2013

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Congratulations!
You are now ready for the next module. Always remember the following:

1. Make sure every answer sheet has your

o Name
o Grade and Section
o Title of the Activity or Activity No.
2. Follow the date of submission as agreed with your teacher.
3. Keep the modules with you.
4. Return them at the end of the school year.