FL VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

College of Engineering

CE REVIEW 1 IV. Laws of logarithms

1. log a MN =log a M +log a N
Applied Mathematics, Surveying,
Principles of Transportation and Highway 2. log a M / N =log a M -log a N
Engineering, Construction Management and 3. log a M n=nlog a M
Methods 4. log a a =1
Module 1: ALGEBRA AND ADVANCE 5. log e M = ln M
MATHEMATHICS ꬲ=2.71828…(Naperian logarithm)
6. log 10 M =log M
I. Basic Rules of Algebra
 Cumutative property (alter position)
V. Binomial / Multinomial Expansion
Addition: a+b=b+a rth term of expansion=
nCrr-1(a)n-r+1(b)r-1
Multiplication: ab=ba
Note:
 Associative Property (alter groupings)
1. It starts with xn and ends with yn
Addition: (a+b)+c=a+(b+c) 2. The power decreases by 1 while the
power increases by 1.
Multiplication: (ab)c=a(bc) 3. The sum of the powers of x & y in any
term is always n.
 Distributative property
4. There will be n+1 terms in the
a(b+c)=ab+ac expansion.
5. If the expansion of a term is
(a+b)c=ac+bc multiplied by the power of x in that
term and then the product divided by
 Identity property(0 or 1-identity
the power of y increased by 1, the
element)
resulting number is the coefficient of
Addition: a+0=a the next term.

Multiplication: a(1)=a Problem 1:

 Inverse property Find the expansion of (x + y)5

Addition: a+(-a)=0 Problem 2:

Multiplication: a(1/a)=1 In the expansion of (x + 4y)12, give the

numerical coefficient of the 5th term.

Quadratic Equations
II. Law of Exponents
1. (am)n= amn Ax2 + Bx + C =0
2. amx an=amn
*Sum and product of roots
3. am/an=am-n
4. a-m=1/am X1 + X2 = -B/A
5. (ab)m=ambm
6. (a/b)m=am/bm X1X2 = C/A

 Discriminant and Nature of Roots

D = B2 – 4AC
III. Law of Radicals  B2 – 4AC > 0, roots are two unequal and
1. a1/m=m√ a real
2. √
am/n= n am 

B2 – 4AC = 0, roots are two equal and real
B2 – 4AC < 0, roots are imaginary.
3. (m√ a)m=a
4. √n a x √n b = √n ab
5. √n a / √n b =√n a /b
 FL VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering

Problem 3:

Solve for the value/s of x in the equation. Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion

3x2 – 6x -13=0 Provides an organized method to find the number

of elements in the union of a given group of sets,
a. -3.31, 1.31 c. -3.31, -1.31 and the size of all possible intersections among the
b. 3.31, -1.31 d. 3.31, 1.31 sets.
Problem 4:

What is the value of k so that 4x2 + (2k-3)x Problem 8:

+ 1 = 0 has two equal roots?
In a group of 200 people, 150 can dance and 80
a. -1 c. 1/2 can sing.
b. -1/2 d. 1
a. How many can dance?
Problem 5: b. How many can sing?
Find the sum of the roots of the equation c. How many can do both?

5x2+2x+6=0 Remainder and Factor Theorem

Problem 6:  Remainder theorem – if a polynomial P(x)

is divided by (x-a), then the remainder will
Find the product of the roots of the be P(a)
equation 5x2+2x+6=0  Factor Theorem – if the binomial (x-a) is a
factor of P(x), then P(a) = 0

Problem 10:
SETS
Find the remainder when 3x8 – 10x5 + 2x2 is divided
A collection of well-defined objects or by x-5.
elements. A set is represented by a capital
letter symbol and the number of elements Problem 11:
in the finite set is represented as the
cardinal number of a set in a curly bracket Given f(x) = (x-3)(x-4) + 4. When f(x) is divided by
{…}. For example, set A is a collection of (x-k), the remainder is k. what is the remainder?
all the natural numbers.

 Empty Set or Null Set: It has no element Theory of Equation

present in it. Example:
A= {} is a null set. Descartes rule of sign
 Finite Set: It has a limited number of
elements. Example : a. The no. of alternating signsof f(x) is the
A= {1,2,3,4} possible no. of positive real roots of f(x) or
 Infinite set: It has an infinite number of less than an even no.
elements. Example: A = {x:x is the set of b. The no. of alternating signs of f(-x) is the
all whole numbers} possible no. of negative real roots of f(x)
 Equal set: two sets which have the same or less than an even no.
members. Example: A = {1,2,5} and B = Problem 12:
{2,5,1}: Set A = Set B.
 Subsets: A set ‘A’ is said to be a subset of The expression x4-3x3-5x2+x+2 =0, determine the
B if each element of A is also an element maximum positive and negative roots.
of B. Example: A = {1,2}, B = {1,2,3,4}, then
AϲB Problem 13:
 Universal Set: A set which consist of all The expression 5x6+12x5- x4-3x3-5x2+x+2 =0,
elements of other sets present in venn determine the maximum positive and negative
diagram. Example: A = {1,2}, B = {2,3}, the roots.
universal set here will be, U = {1,2}
 FL VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering

Variation

The term ‘variation’ refers to a mathematical

concept dealing with variability. Any change in one
quantity due to a change in another is referred to
as variation.

 Direct Variation
 Inverse Variation
 Combined Variation

Problem 14:

The intensity of light (in foot-candles) varies

inversely as the square of x, the distance in feet
from the light source. The intensity of the light 2
feet from the source is 80 foot-candles. How far
away is the source if the intensity of the light is 5
foot-candles?