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Topic 1 Math IV-Relations and Functions

The document discusses inequalities and inequations, explaining how to solve them and represent solutions using set and interval notation. It also covers the concepts of domain and range in functions, distinguishing between relations and functions, and defining correspondence rules. Additionally, it classifies functions into one-to-one, over, and biunivocal categories.

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Cesar Martinez Sandoval
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7 views19 pages

Topic 1 Math IV-Relations and Functions

The document discusses inequalities and inequations, explaining how to solve them and represent solutions using set and interval notation. It also covers the concepts of domain and range in functions, distinguishing between relations and functions, and defining correspondence rules. Additionally, it classifies functions into one-to-one, over, and biunivocal categories.

Uploaded by

Cesar Martinez Sandoval
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

TOPIC 1
INEQUALITIES
A statement that indicates that an expression is greater than (>), greater than or equal to
(≥), less than (<) or less than or equal to (≤) another expression is an inequality".
Inequalities can be identified with the help of the number line. If m > n, implies that m is
to the right of n in the number line and, if m < n, m will be to the left of n.
INEQUATION
An inequation occurs when an inequality presents a variable. The values of that variable
that make the inequation a true expression will be the possible solutions of that
inequation; these solutions are called a solution set.
To solve an inequation you must clear the variable on one side of the inequality symbol,
following the next rules:

The same number can be added or subtracted on both sides of the inequality.
If a > b, then a + c > b + c If a > b, then a - c > b - c

Both sides of inequality can be multiplied or divided by the same positive number.
If a > b, then a(c) > b(c) If a > b, then a ÷ c > b ÷ c

If both sides of the inequality are multiplied or divided by the same negative number, the
inequality symbol is flipped.
If a > b, then a(-c) < b(-c) If a > b, then a ÷ (-c) < b ÷ (-c)
INEQUATION
Examples:
4 > -1 ⤑ 4+3 > -1+3 ⤑ 7 > 2
-3 < 5 ⤑ -3-1 < 5-1 ⤑ -4 < 4
18 > 9 ⤑ 18÷3 > 9÷3 ⤑ 6 > 3
2 < 7 ⤑ 2(-4) < 7(-4) ⤑ -8 > -28

The solution of the inequation can be represented as a set, as an interval or


graphically on the number line.
NOTATION TYPES
The following symbols se are used to indicate whether either or both ends are
part of the solution set:

The ∞ symbol indicates that the solution set continues indefinitely and when
this symbol is presented, parentheses ( ) are used in the range notation.
Examples of solutions to inequalities:
Example:
Solve the following inequalities and find the values of x that make it true.
Write the answer in set notation and interval notation.

Procedure:
6x + 32 ≤ 68
6x ≤ 68 – 32
x ≤ 36 ÷ 6
x≤6

In interval notation: (-∞, 6] In set notation: { x | x ≤ 6 }

The values of x that make the inequalities true are all numbers equal to or
less than 6.
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF FUNCTIONS
In various real-life situations you can find the relationship between two
quantities, for example, the cost of filling the gas tank of a car depends on
the number of liters you filled it with.
If 1 liter of gasoline costs $24, then 2 liters cost $48, 3 liters cost $72 and
so on. The ordered pairs representing this situation will be (1, 24), (2, 48),
(3, 72), etc. The following equation represents this relation:
C = 24n
Where the dependent variable is C (cost) and the independent variable is
n (number of liters of gasoline).
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF FUNCTIONS
Based on the last example, you can deduce that a relation is a
correspondence between two quantities or variables represented by a set
of ordered pairs of the form (x, y), where the values of x, which is the
independent variable, make up the domain of the relation and the values
of y, the dependent variable, form the range of the relation.

A function is a relation where each element of the domain corresponds to


only one element of the range, in other words, there cannot be two
repeated values for the domain.
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF FUNCTIONS
DISTINGUISH A FUNCTION FROM A RELATION
In a set of ordered pairs:

In a Venn diagram:
DISTINGUISH A FUNCTION FROM A RELATION
In a graph, the vertical line rule is used, where vertical straight lines are
randomly drawn over the graph and, if at least one of these lines passes
through more than one point, the graph does not represent a function.
Example:

Determine whether the following relations represent a function and, if it is a


function, define its range or image and domain.
IMAGE OF A FUNCTION AND CORRESPONDENCE RULE
The range of a function is also known as the image, this set consists only
of those elements of the codomain set that have a correspondence with a
value in the domain.

The function is the mean by which the correspondence rule is defined to


assign the value in the range or image to each element of the domain.
IMAGE OF A FUNCTION AND CORRESPONDENCE RULE
The range of a function is also known as the image, this set consists only
of those elements of the codomain set that have a correspondence with a
value in the domain.

The function is the mean by which the correspondence rule is defined to


assign the value in the range or image to each element of the domain.
Example:
Given the function f(x), its correspondence rule is 2x - 3.

From where you can determine the domain (input values) and the range
or image (output values):
Domain = {-2, -2, 0, 1, 2, 3} Range or Image = {-7, -5, -3, -1, 1, 3}
Correspondence rules are classified as follows:
One to one function

Each element in the domain corresponds to an element in the


image. It is also known as injective or univocal function.
Correspondence rules are classified as follows:
Over function

All elements of the codomain are image, that is, they are related
to an element of the domain. They are also called surjective
functions.
Correspondence rules are classified as follows:
Biunivocal function

They meet the conditions of one-to-one and surjective functions.


They are also known as bijective functions.

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