The inefficiencies of Construction industry currently:

• Excessive waste

• Low profit margins

• Major risk

• Overruns in budget and schedule

 Traditional Design and Construction environment

Fragmentation of
communication in traditional
design & construction
environment

Engineering
Team
Project Deliverables and Handover Documentation

Project deliverables and

Handover documentation
are paper-based, often
inaccurate and of low
quality.

Operation & Maintenance

Manuals
• Many thousands of pages

• Disorganized Information

• Hard copies and Low-

As-built Drawings Resolution scans

• Inaccurate geometry • Little or no Correlation with

As-built Drawings
• Do not depict as-built conditions

• Missing or contradicting drawings

Information exchange loss between project stages

Information Exchange losses

Substantial cost and
time impact
Today’s construction ecosystem

A highly complex, fragmented, and project

based construction process…

Image from McKinsey & Company, “The next normal in construction”

Waste in Construction projects currently

As per statistics from multiple studies in UK & US in construction

projects following the traditional approach:

• Rework up to 30% of construction cost

• Labour utilized at 40-60% efficiency

• At least 10% of site material wasted

• Accidents equal to 3-6% of project costs

TOTAL WASTE up to 50% of total cost!

Need for change

How we construct needs to change so that we can:

• Meet the needs of an emerging digital change

• Minimise the impact on the environment

• Maximise the use and value of resources

• Provide economic viability and sustainability

What is BIM?

“...a digital representation of

physical and functional BIM is a process!
characteristics of a facility; a
shared knowledge resource for
information about a facility
forming a reliable basis for
decisions during its life-cycle;
defined as existing from earliest
conception to demolition.” United
States. NBIMS
What is BIM?

The strategic use of information

technology and BIM, by integrating data,
information, control and process, ...
is not just the use of new software
tools, but a transformational approach
to business and organizational mission
that includes a new way to work with
multiple people together in a real time.

Collaboration!
What is BIM?

BIM means….

Building Information Modelling

… is a business process for generating and leveraging building data to
design, construct and operate the building during its lifecycle.

Building Information Model

...is the output of the business process resulting in a digital prototype, a
virtual computer model of a project which holds selected structured data about the
asset (design, quantity, time, cost, as-built, etc.).

Building Information Management

... Is the organisation and control of the business process using the digital
prototype to effect the sharing of information over the entire lifecycle of an asset.
What is BIM?

BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING

...a business process for generating and leveraging building data to design, construct and
operate the building during its lifecycle.

Analyse
Generate Communicate

Collect Produce
What is BIM?

BUILDING INFORMATION MODEL

... the output of the business
process resulting in a digital
prototype, a virtual computer
model of a project which holds
selected structured data about
the asset (design, quantity, time,
cost, as-built, etc.).
What is BIM?

BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

... the organisation and control of the business process using the digital prototype
to effect the sharing of information over the entire lifecycle of an asset.

Information are:
• Graphical
• Non-Graphical
• Documents
International Standards for BIM
ISO 19650

• BS EN ISO 19650–1 Organisation of

information about construction works –
Information management using building
information modelling – Part 1: concepts and
principles

• BS EN ISO 19650-2 Part 2: Delivery phase of

assets.

• BS EN ISO 19650-3 Part 3: Operational phase

of Assets.

• BS EN ISO 19650-5 Part 5: Security minded

approach to information management.
LOD definition
Level of development (LOD)
• LOD 100: Information can be conveyed with massing forms, written narratives, and 2D symbols.
• LOD 200: Modelled elements have approximate relationships to quantities, size, location, and
orientation. So
• LOD 300: Modelled elements are explained in terms of specific systems, quantities, size, shape,
location, and orientation.
• LOD 400: Continuation of LOD 300 with information added to facilitate fabrication, assembly, and
installation.
• LOD 500: Modelled
elements as installed
and can be utilized
for ongoing facilities
management.
LOD
LOD
Common Data Environment

• Latest valid information is available to all stakeholders

• Much faster coordination/review cycle
• Search time for any document drastically reduced.
• Easy Filtering.
• Documents have attributes and can be linked.
• Can upload/share document in seconds.
• WIP/Share/Publish status

Common Data Environment

(CDE) is the basis for BIM
Implementation!
BIM Dimensions

nD(imensions)
BIM and Design software integration

Bi-directional link to design software platform →

always up-to-date model design and documentation

Choosing the right tools!

Drawings and Project Documentation

• Automated drawings and schedule extraction

• Documentation always up-to-date
• Minimal revision time
Smart Objects Libraries

Libraries of smart objects, linked with the relevant attributes and materials are
provided by manufacturers, promoting standardization and minimizing errors.
Parametric Data Driven Design Development

Visual programming – Dynamo, Grasshoper

Clash Avoidance and Spatial Coordination
Design Verification and Constructability studies
Room Schedules and Data Sheets
Visualization - Detailing - Rendering
4D Simulations – Construction Sequence
• Activity Simulation
• Optimize and adjust construction sequence
• Visualize what-if scenarios
• Report actual versus projected
• Improved Schedule interference and logistics studies.
Progress Reporting – Actual vs Planned
Scope Analysis and Work Packaging
5D Quantities and Costing
• Accurate reporting to the Object Level.
• Take-Offs and measurements can be (re)extracted within seconds
• Automated and always up-to-date Schedules.
• Management and visualization of VEs and VOs.
• Revisions/changes can be easily traced and quantified.
Side Logistics – Crane Management

Tower Crane Management & Site Logistics

• Location of Towers is being checked

location-wise and Planning-wise.
Value Engineering
Construction Methodology & Erection Sequence
Laser Scanning

Laser Scanning for Construction Verification

Laser Scanning - Earthworks Management

Earthworks Management & Documentation

• Design documentation again will be extracted

from the laser scanned Digital Terrain Models.

• The Earthworks Management will be

continuously performed through the regular
laser scans.
Digital Collaboration / BIM-to-Field
Augmented & Virtual Reality
BIM and CDM / H&S
CDM 2015 and Health and Safety provisions
BIM and CDM / H&S

CDM 2015 and Health and Safety provisions

BIM & 3D Printing

Benefits include:
• Printed products only use as much material as needed = less waste
• Reduced transportation costs if products are printed on-site.
• Can achieve shapes that conventional techniques cannot.
• Lower labor costs.
• Reduced cost of customized design
• Reduced health and safety risks.
BIM and FM Integration

• Streamline projects handover

• Integrate FM data with BIM models
• CoBie worksheet
• Asset Information Model (AIM)
BIM and FM Integration
BIM & Digital Twin
 Lean Principles

• Identify Value - Identifying value and understanding the customer’s point of views is a key component within
Lean construction management. All stakeholders such as the client, architect, engineer, general contractor, suppliers,
operators are expected to work collaboratively.

• Define Value Stream - Once we have a clear understanding of the value from the customer’s point of view, we
can design the processes necessary needed to deliver that value. For each activity, the necessary labor, information,
equipment, and materials are defined and any unnecessary non-value adding steps or resources can be eliminated.

• Elimination of Waste - Lean construction targets each major types of waste which include defects,
overproduction, waiting, underutilization of talent, transportation, inventory, motion, and over processing.

• Work Process Flow - The ideal state of lean construction management is continuous workflow that is
considered reliable and predictable.

• Pull Planning and Scheduling - Creating reliable workflows depends on work being released based on
downstream demand. Lean uses collaborative planning (Last Planner) to enable participants to communicate and
collaborate close with each other to determine the schedule of tasks.

• Continuous Improvement - Continuously improve processes and eliminate waste is the overall goal of lean
philosophy. Opportunities for improvement are then identified and acted upon during the project and applied to
future projects.
 DOMAINS OF PROJECT DELIVERY

CPM-based; Activity-Centered;
Management by Exception

2D/3D
Individual
craft-contracts

Command & Control

Directives-Driven

(Abdelhamid 2014) 48
 DOMAINS OF PROJECT DELIVERY
CPM-based; Activity-Centered;
Management by Exception
Lean-based; Management by Means 2D/3D
Individual (planning inclusive of execution party; fire prevention)
craft-contracts BIM/VDC
IPD/IFOA
Relational
(system
optimization)

Command & Control

Directives-Driven
Dialogue & Collaboration
(planning is an ongoing conversations)
49
(Abdelhamid 2014)
BIM and Lean construction: MacLeamy curve
The new iron triangle: IPD, Lean, BIM

system optimization

processes and digitalization of

workflows design construction
optimization information, data-
driven processes
 BIM & Lean construction management

•Real time-collaboration between stakeholders

•Transparency, better scope management
•Identification of constrains
•Consistent design and construction documentation
•Collaboration on handheld devices
•BIM Big Room

•All information maintained in a single •Design Coordination

common location (CDE) •Powerful visualization, VR, Rendering and
•Latest information available real-time Virtual prototypes
•All Drawings and Documentation extracted •Client early engagement and sign-off
from a single source (of truth): the models •Visual Management
•Construction Sequence and Methodology

BIM uses and outputs

BIM & Lean construction

➢ Faster project delivery.

➢ Better quality.

➢ Cost saving due to reduced

waste and less rework.

➢ Better value for all Stakeholders.

➢ Lower risk.
BIM ROI
Questions
BIM?

55