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Linux commands

The document provides a comprehensive overview of various Linux commands including grep, sed, awk, and gvim. It details the syntax and usage of each command, covering functionalities such as searching, editing, and manipulating text files. Additionally, it includes advanced commands and techniques for efficient file management and editing in gvim.

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LE 406 uday
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12 views

Linux commands

The document provides a comprehensive overview of various Linux commands including grep, sed, awk, and gvim. It details the syntax and usage of each command, covering functionalities such as searching, editing, and manipulating text files. Additionally, it includes advanced commands and techniques for efficient file management and editing in gvim.

Uploaded by

LE 406 uday
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linux commands

(grep,sed,awk,gvim)
GREP (global regular expression print)
• Syntax : grep string filename
grep – i string :to grep by considering case-sensitive
egrep – “str1|str2|str3” filename : to search multiple strings at a
time in a file.
grep –c str1 filename : to count str1 in file
grep –w str1 filename :to print lines where str1 is present
grep –v str1 filename :to print lines where str1 is not present.
grep –r str1 filename :to search recursively.
Sed (stream editor)
• Syntax : sed ‘s/oldword/newword’ filename
sed ‘s/unix/linux’ filename :replace unix as linux
sed ‘s/unix/linux/2’ filename :replace 2nd occurrence of unix as linux
sed ‘s/unix/linux/g’ filename :replace unix as linux globally(all)
sed ‘3s/unix/linux’ filename :replace unix as linux in 3rd line
sed ‘1,3s/unix/linux’ filename :replace unix as linux in 1st to 3rd lines
sed ‘2,$s/unix/linux’ filename :replace unix as linux from 2nd to end
sed ‘3d’ filename :3rd line is deleted.
awk
awk ‘{print $1}’ file : print first column in each line
awk ‘{print NF}’ file :prints no of fields in aline
awk ‘{print NR}’ file :to display line numbers
awk ‘/abc/{print}’ file :print all lines which match with abc
awk ‘{print $1,$NF}’ file : print 1st and last columns in all lines
GVIM editor
• gvim filename – to create a file or to open an existing file
• i – to edit the file
• :wq to save file(write quit)
• :x to save file
• :q – quit the file with out saving
• :q! – to quit file forcefully
Gvim
• Setting parameters
:set nu - to display linenumbers
:set nonu - to remove line numbers
:set ai -to set auto indentation
:set no ai –to remove indentation
:set ic - to set case sensitive mode
:set all - show all options for set command
:noh –to remove highlighting
:set showmode – display mode on last line of screen
:set noshowmode – turn off showmode
gvim
Search command
/string - search in forward manner
?string – search in backward manner in file
n – to navigate to next match
N – to navigate to previous match
f character – search single character in current line
; - to navigate to next match of character
, - to navigate to previous match of character
Gvim
• Cursor movements
H - first line left corner of screen
M – middle line of screen
L – last line left corner of screen
gg – starting line of file
G – ending line of line
:n – cursor move to given line number
h – one character backward
j- down line
k- up
l- one character forward
zz – cursor at center of screen
Zt – cursor at top of screen
Zb – cursor at bottom of screen
gvim (cursor movement…………….)
^ - beginning of line
$ - end of line
w- one word forward
b – one word backward
a – append at cursor
A – append at end of line
e – end of word
0 – start of line
{ - beginning of paragraph
}- ending of paragraph
(- start of sentence
)- end of sentence
i – insert at cursor
Gvim

Ctrl +d - scroll down half screen


Ctrl +u –scroll up half screen
Ctrl+f –scroll down full screen
ctrl+b –scroll up full screen
Ctrl+e – move screen down one line
Ctrl+y – move screen up one line
gvim
• Copy(yank)
………….words…………..
yw – copy word at/after cursor
yb – copy word before cursor
nyw – copy n words from cursor
nby – copy n words before cursor
……………..lines…………………..
y0 – cursor to start of line
y$ - cursor to end of line
{y} – copy paragraph upto new line
gvim(copy…..)
y) - cursor to end of sentence
(y – cursor to start of sentence
yy – copy current line
nyy – copy n no of line from cursor
yg – copy from current line to start of file
yG – copy from current line to end of file
:n,m y - copy lines in range of n,m
gvim

• paste
p - paste after cursor
P – paste before cursor
gvim
• delete
………………….character………………
x – delete single character at cursor
nx – deletes n no of characters after cursor
X – delete single character before cursor
nX – deletes n no of characters before cursor
…………………..word……………
dw– delete word at cursor
ndw – deletes n no of words after cursor
d^ - from cursor to start of line
d$ - from cursor to end of line
gvim(delete…..)
{d} – delete paragraph
dg – cursor to start of line
dG – cursor to end of file
………..lines……..
dd – delete current line
ndd – delete n lines from cursor
n,m d – deletes line in range of n,m
gvim
v – visual mode – to select text
r – replace character at cursor
u – undo last change
U – undo all changes
o – open a new line
esc – terminate insert mode
i – insert mode
gvim
• replace
syntax : [area]s/oldword/newword/
area
. -current line
n -nth line
.+m -current line +m lines
% - anyline
p,q - range from p line to q line
gvim (replace……..)
:%s/^/H/ - add H at start of every line
:%s/.^/H/ - replace first char with H in every line
:%s/$/H/ - add H at end of every line
:%s/.$/H/ - replace last char with H in every line
:%s/^/#/ - comment all lines
:%s/^#// - uncomment all lines
:%s/[0-9]+//g – search and remove all numbers
:%s/is/of/g – replace is with of globally
:x,y s/old /new/ - replace old as new in range of x ,y lines
:%s/is/of/gc – replace is with of globally and count
:%s/is/of/gi – replace is with of globally by considering case sensitive
:g/ pattern/d – deletes lines with matched pattern
:v/pattern/d –deletes lines except matched patterns
gvim
• open file from another file in gvim
:e file name
:e# - to switch between two files
• open multiple files in gvim
:tabe filename
:tabn navigate to next file
:tabp navigate to previous file
gvim
• advanced commands
:%s/\r\(\n\)/\1/g – to remove ^M at end of each line in file.
gvim diff file1 file2 – to compare two files at a time
diff –s file1 file2 –to compare two files without opening in gvim
ctrl +v and use arrow keys to select text in file
:3,6 m8 –to move 3 to 6 lines after 8th line in file

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