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Unit 18-Data Manipulation

The document provides an overview of databases, defining them as organized collections of data structured in tables. It explains key concepts such as fields, records, data types, primary and foreign keys, and the types of relationships between tables. Examples of a physicians' table and patients' table illustrate these concepts in a practical context.

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5 views16 pages

Unit 18-Data Manipulation

The document provides an overview of databases, defining them as organized collections of data structured in tables. It explains key concepts such as fields, records, data types, primary and foreign keys, and the types of relationships between tables. Examples of a physicians' table and patients' table illustrate these concepts in a practical context.

Uploaded by

6.khadijakhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IGCSE ICT (0417)

Data Manipulation
Unit 18
(Database)

Presented by Nasir Mahmood


Data Manipulation
Database
A database is an organized collection of data in
structures called tables.
In simple words database is collection of related data in
tables in rows and columns.
A database may comprise a single table or many related
(relationship) tables.

Presented by Nasir Mahmood


Data Manipulation
Examples of Database
Physicians’ Table (Parent Table)
Physician ID Name Specialty Practice Name Zip Code Activation Date DOB
1389 Jones OB/GYN Jones PC 63144 11-12-1996 05-12-1959
3409 Richards Internal Medicine Medical Specialists 63106 05-09-1987 02-22-1947
6704 Jackson Orthopedics Sports Medicine 63118 06-02-2000 04-25-1977
3422 Craig Pediatrics Family Health 63105 06-04-2004 08-16-1980

Patients’ Table (Child Table)


Patient ID Patient Age DRG Physician ID Admit Date Discharge Date Discharge Disposition
1234509 42 465 1389 06-05-2020 06-01-2021 Home
1872636 90 584 1389 12-11-2020 31-12-2020 Home
9083634 56 694 1389 10-09-2019 05-01-2021 Transfer
3445676 75 110 3409 05-09-2006 06-10-2006 SNF
5678932 22 322 6704 06-07-2006 06-08-2006 Home
7890111 6 201 3422 06-10-2006 06-11-2006 Transfer
5649821 12 231 3422 05-08-2018 04-09-2018 Home

Presented by Nasir Mahmood


Data Manipulation
Database Terms
A database field is a set of data values of the same data
type in a database table. It is also referred to as a
column or an attribute. Most databases also
allow fields to hold complex data like pictures, entire
files, and even movie clips. For example:

Presented by Nasir Mahmood


Data Manipulation
Database Terms
A database record is a set of fields from left to right in a
database table. This is also known as a row. It refers to
the same person/item/object. For example:

Presented by Nasir Mahmood


Data Manipulation
Database Terms
A data type is a kind of data values which are contained
in any field in a database table. For example:
Text
Boolean/logical - yes/no/true/false/1/0
Number - integer/long integer/decimal/currency
Date/time

Presented by Nasir Mahmood


Data Manipulation
Database Terms
A primary key in a database table is a field which
remains unique and doesn’t repeat its value for any
other record throughout the database. Primary key is
set in “Parent Table”. Primary key helps individually
identify each record which helps to quickly search data.
For example:

Presented by Nasir Mahmood


Data Manipulation
Database Terms
A foreign key in a database table is a primary key field
from a parent table which helps to create a relationship
between two or more tables in a relational database.
For example:

Presented by Nasir Mahmood


Data Manipulation
Database Terms
A parent table is a table in database whose data don’t
change frequently or it remains permanent.
For example:

Presented by Nasir Mahmood


Data Manipulation
Database Terms
A child or transaction table is a table in database whose
data are frequently updated or changed or new records
are added or inserted.
For example:

Presented by Nasir Mahmood


Data Manipulation
Database Terms
A relationship is a link or connection between two or
more tables in database that makes the database a
relational database. For example:

Presented by Nasir Mahmood


Data Manipulation
Relationships
There are three types of relationships.
1- In a one-to-one relationship, one record in a table is
associated with one and only one record in another
table.
2- In a one-to-many relationship, one record in a table
is associated with two or more records in another
table.
3- In a many-to-many relationship multiple records in a
table are associated with multiple records in another
table.
Presented by Nasir Mahmood
Data Manipulation
One-to-One Relationship

Presented by Nasir Mahmood


Data Manipulation
One-to-Many Relationship

Presented by Nasir Mahmood


Data Manipulation
Many-to-Many Relationship

Presented by Nasir Mahmood


Presented by Nasir Mahmood

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