"Arkalyk Pedagogical Institute named after I.

Altynsarin"

« Standards of mobile technologies.Use of mobile

technologies for receiving an information access,GPS
navigators, Gsm signaling»

Subject: ICT
Student: Alpysbaev Serzhan
History - 21
Teacher: Baizakova S.S.

Arkalyk-2024
Plan
 1. Introduction
2. Standards of Mobile Technologies
3. Use of Mobile Technologies for Information Access
4. GPS Navigators and Mobile Technology
5. GSM Signaling and Mobile Communication
6. Challenges and Future Directions
7. Conclusion

1. Introduction
The rapid evolution of mobile technologies has transformed the way we
communicate, access information, and navigate the world around us. Mobile
technologies have become integral to daily life, providing users with immediate
access to information, real-time communication, and advanced navigation
capabilities. This paper explores the standards that underpin mobile technologies,
including Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and the latest
advancements like 5G. Furthermore, it highlights the role of mobile technologies
in facilitating access to information, enabling GPS navigation, and the significance
of GSM signaling in modern mobile communication.

2. Standards of Mobile Technologies

Evolution of Mobile Standards
Mobile communication has come a long way since the first mobile phones were
introduced. These devices evolved from analog systems to sophisticated digital
communication platforms. The evolution of mobile technologies is marked by
several key stages:
 First Generation (1G): Analog signals, primarily for voice communication.
 Second Generation (2G): Digital signals, introduction of SMS, improved
voice quality.
 Third Generation (3G): Mobile internet access, multimedia services, video
calling.
 Fourth Generation (4G): High-speed internet, high-definition video
streaming, advanced apps.
 Fifth Generation (5G): Ultra-low latency, gigabit speeds, support for IoT
(Internet of Things).
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications)
GSM is a standard developed to ensure compatibility and efficient communication
across mobile networks. It was introduced in the early 1990s and remains one of
the most widely used mobile standards worldwide.
 Overview: GSM uses time-division multiple access (TDMA) to allow
multiple users to share the same frequency band.
 Key Features: GSM provides digital voice services, SMS (Short Message
Service), and is foundational for mobile internet access through GPRS
(General Packet Radio Services) and EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM
Evolution).
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)
UMTS was introduced as part of the 3G standard, offering improved bandwidth for
data transmission, including mobile internet services, video calling, and other
multimedia applications.
 Features: High-speed data transmission, enhanced security, and better voice
quality.
 Implementation: UMTS networks have been widely deployed, providing a
platform for transitioning from GSM to newer technologies like LTE.
LTE (Long Term Evolution)
LTE is a 4G standard that provides even higher speeds for mobile data, enabling
high-definition video streaming, faster downloads, and lower latency.
 Key Benefits: Fast data transmission, improved voice quality through
VoLTE (Voice over LTE), and better support for mobile apps.
 Transition to 5G: LTE has paved the way for the evolution to 5G, which
promises significantly faster speeds and more reliable connectivity.
5G and Beyond
The advent of 5G technology introduces a new era for mobile communications,
offering faster speeds, lower latency, and the ability to support a wide range of
connected devices, from smartphones to IoT devices.
  Capabilities: 5G offers download speeds of up to 10 Gbps, ultra-reliable
low-latency communication (URLLC), and massive machine-type
communications (mMTC).
 Impact on Industry: 5G will enable innovations in areas such as autonomous
vehicles, smart cities, healthcare, and remote work.

3. Use of Mobile Technologies for Information Access

Mobile technologies are transforming how we access and consume information.
With the rise of mobile internet and app ecosystems, users can access news,
entertainment, social media, and work-related data from anywhere, anytime.
 Mobile Phones as Information Tools: With the advent of smartphones, users
can access news, email, social media, and conduct transactions directly from
their devices.
 Applications for News, Education, and Business: Mobile applications like
news aggregators, educational platforms, and business tools (e.g., Slack,
Zoom) enable seamless access to information and communication.
 Mobile Internet Access: 3G, 4G, and 5G networks provide the backbone for
mobile data, enabling fast and reliable access to the internet on the go.
 Wi-Fi and Cloud Computing: Wi-Fi hotspots and cloud services
complement mobile networks, providing additional ways for users to access
data and content on their mobile devices.

What Is Mobile Technology?

Mobile technology refers to any technology that’s “portable.” The critical
components of mobile technology are as follows:
 Portable 2-way communication devices
 Cellular technology or networking technology
 Different Types of Mobile Technologies
What are the different mobile technologies? There are four main types of
mobile networks – cellular communication, 4G networking, Wi-Fi, and
Bluetooth connections. Below is an in-depth analysis of the different types
of mobile technologies.

Cellular Technology
The first on our list of mobile technologies is cellular technology. A cellular
network is a communication system where the last link is wireless. Mobile
signals travel from the transmitting device and onto a mobile base station.
The base station transmits the signal to a switching center, and from here, it
is sent over other base stations until it reaches the receiving device.

4. GPS Navigators and Mobile Technology

GPS (Global Positioning System) has become a core feature of mobile devices,
enabling users to navigate, track, and share their location in real time. GPS is an
essential tool for navigation and location-based services (LBS).
 How GPS Works on Mobile Devices: GPS works by triangulating signals
from satellites orbiting the Earth. Mobile phones equipped with GPS
receivers calculate their location based on these signals.
 Standards for GPS Integration: GPS receivers in mobile phones must meet
certain standards for accuracy and compatibility with other mobile
technologies. A key standard is the NMEA (National Marine Electronics
Association) protocol, which ensures data compatibility.
 Navigation Apps: Applications like Google Maps, Apple Maps, and Waze
leverage GPS data to provide real-time navigation, traffic updates, and route
optimization.

5. GSM Signaling and Mobile Communication

GSM signaling protocols are crucial for the operation of mobile networks. These
protocols manage various network functions such as call setup, handover, SMS
delivery, and roaming.
 GSM Architecture: GSM networks are composed of several components:
o Mobile Station (MS): The user's device.
o Base Station Subsystem (BSS): The system that handles
communication between the mobile station and the network.
o Network Switching Subsystem (NSS): Manages call routing and user
authentication.
 Types of Signals:
o Control Signals: Used for call setup, handover, and network
management.
o Broadcast Signals: Used for transmitting information to all mobile
users within a cell.
o User Data: Carried during active calls or data transfers.
 SMS and MMS Services: GSM supports SMS for text messaging and MMS
for multimedia messaging, enabling users to send short messages or
multimedia content over mobile networks.

6. Challenges and Future Directions

While mobile technologies have made tremendous advancements, they face several
challenges.
 Security Issues: As mobile devices become more integrated into personal
and professional life, the risk of security breaches, data theft, and
unauthorized access to sensitive information grows.
 GPS Accuracy: GPS accuracy can be affected by factors like weather,
physical obstructions, and interference, limiting its effectiveness in certain
environments.
  Privacy Concerns: Mobile technologies, especially location-based services,
raise concerns about user privacy and data collection. Governments and
organizations must address these concerns through regulatory measures.
 Future of 5G and Beyond: With 5G deployments expanding, the next
frontier lies in the development of 6G, which will offer even faster speeds,
greater connectivity, and support for an ever-growing number of devices.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors highlight some current trends and future
directions that are promising to address the existing challenges of medical
image computing and healthcare, and point out that deep learning has yet to
show its effectiveness in clinical workflow and to be responsible for
healthcare delivery.
Abstract: We inspire readers on the future deep learning design for medical
image computing and healthcare. In particular, we first point out that deep
learning has yet to show its effectiveness in clinical workflow and to be
responsible for healthcare delivery. Next, we highlight some current trends
and future directions that are promising to address the existing challenges.

7. Conclusion

In conclusion, mobile technologies have revolutionized the way we access

information and communicate. The standards that govern these technologies, such
as GSM, GPS, and modern mobile networks like 4G and 5G, ensure the reliability,
security, and interoperability of mobile services on a global scale. The evolution
from basic GSM systems to advanced 5G networks has paved the way for faster,
more efficient mobile communication, transforming industries, businesses, and
daily life.
The use of mobile technologies for accessing information has become integral to
our everyday activities, from browsing the internet and using applications to
receiving location-based services. GPS technology, integrated into mobile devices,
has transformed navigation, providing users with real-time location tracking and
efficient routing. Mobile technologies, combined with advancements in GPS, have
significantly impacted industries such as transportation, healthcare, and tourism,
offering new opportunities for innovation.
Furthermore, GSM signaling and mobile network standards have laid the
foundation for modern communication, enabling voice, text, and data transmission
over vast distances. As mobile networks transition from 4G to 5G, the demand for
faster speeds, reduced latency, and greater connectivity will continue to grow. The
future of mobile technology looks promising, with emerging innovations in 6G, the
Internet of Things (IoT), and mobile security setting the stage for even more
transformative developments.
The continued evolution of mobile technologies, backed by international standards,
will further enhance access to information, improve communication, and drive
progress in diverse sectors. The role of standards, such as those set by
organizations like ITU, 3GPP, and GSMA, will remain crucial in ensuring that
these technologies remain effective, secure, and accessible to users worldwide. As
we move forward, the convergence of mobile communication, GPS navigation,
and advanced mobile networks will shape the future of technology, offering
unprecedented opportunities for users and industries alike.
Below are some sources where you can find detailed information regarding mobile
technologies, GSM signaling, GPS navigation, and standards used in mobile
communication:
1. GSMA
o Website: https://www.gsma.com
o Information: GSMA is a leading source of information on global
mobile standards, including GSM, 3G, 4G, and 5G technologies.
2. ITU
o Website: https://www.itu.int
o Information: The ITU provides global standards and guidelines on
telecommunications and mobile technologies, including GSM, LTE,
and 5G.
3. Wikipedia
o Website: https://en.wikipedia.org
o Information: Wikipedia offers detailed articles on mobile technology
standards, GPS systems, and GSM signaling protocols.
4. Nokia Networks
o Website: https://www.nokia.com/networks
o Information: Nokia provides comprehensive information on mobile
communication technologies, including 5G, LTE, and the future of
mobile networks.
5. Qualcomm
o Website: https://www.qualcomm.com
o Information: Qualcomm offers insights into mobile technologies,
including 5G standards, LTE technologies, and mobile
communication innovations.
6. IEEE
o Website: https://www.ieee.org
 o Information: IEEE is an excellent resource for academic and technical
papers on mobile technologies, including GPS navigation and GSM
signaling.
7. Navistar GPS Solutions
o Website: https://www.navistar.com
o Information: Provides information on GPS technology and its
integration with mobile devices for location-based services.
8. Google Developers
o Website: https://developers.google.com/maps
o Information: Google Developers provides detailed documentation on
GPS technology, including integration for navigation applications.
9. W3C
o Website: https://www.w3.org
o Information: W3C offers resources on mobile web standards and
location-based services for web development, including GPS and
mobile communication protocols.
10.Ericsson
o Website: https://www.ericsson.com
o Information: Ericsson offers insights into the evolution of mobile
communication technologies from 2G to 5G and the future of
telecommunications.