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Database System Architecture - Lect-4

The document outlines two main types of database system architecture: two-tier and three-tier (ANSI-SPARC) architecture. The two-tier architecture consists of a client layer for user interaction and a server layer for data management, while the ANSI-SPARC architecture defines three levels of abstraction: external, conceptual, and internal, allowing for flexibility and independence in database design. The ANSI-SPARC framework facilitates modifications without impacting the entire system, enhancing scalability and maintainability.

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11 views4 pages

Database System Architecture - Lect-4

The document outlines two main types of database system architecture: two-tier and three-tier (ANSI-SPARC) architecture. The two-tier architecture consists of a client layer for user interaction and a server layer for data management, while the ANSI-SPARC architecture defines three levels of abstraction: external, conceptual, and internal, allowing for flexibility and independence in database design. The ANSI-SPARC framework facilitates modifications without impacting the entire system, enhancing scalability and maintainability.

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rahul.thakurbk3000
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Database System Architecture

The database system architecture can be broadly classified into two main
types: two-tier architecture and three-tier architecture (ANSI-SPARC
architecture). Let's take a look at each of them:

1. Two-tier Architecture:
The two-tier architecture, also known as the client-server architecture, consists
of two layers: the client layer and the server layer. In this architecture, the
client layer directly communicates with the database server.

The client layer is responsible for user interaction, such as displaying the user
interface, collecting user input, and performing data validation. It handles the
presentation logic and user interface components.

The server layer, also known as the database server, manages the database and
handles tasks related to data storage, retrieval, and manipulation. It interacts
directly with the database management system (DBMS) to process queries,
execute transactions, and manage data integrity and security.
In the two-tier architecture, both the application logic and data access logic
reside on the client side. This architecture is relatively simple but can suffer
from issues such as scalability and maintainability, as all the processing tasks
are handled on the client side.
2. Three Level ANSI-SPARC Architecture:
The ANSI-SPARC (American National Standards Institute, Standards Planning
And Requirements Committee) architecture is a widely accepted framework for
database system design. It defines three levels of abstraction: external level,
conceptual level, and internal level.

- External Level: This level represents the user views or user interfaces. It
describes how each user sees the data and defines the individual user's
perception of the database. Each user can have a different external view
tailored to their specific needs, hiding unnecessary details of the database
schema.

- Conceptual Level: The conceptual level represents the overall logical view of
the entire database for the entire organization. It describes the entire database
schema, including all entities, attributes, and their relationships. It provides a
global, integrated view of the database that is independent of any specific
application.

- Internal Level: The internal level, also known as the physical level, deals with
the physical representation of data in the database. It describes how the data is
stored and accessed at the lowest level, such as data structures, indexes, and
storage organization. It focuses on optimization techniques for efficient storage
and retrieval of data.

The ANSI-SPARC architecture separates the user views (external level) from the
overall logical structure (conceptual level) and the physical storage details
(internal level). This separation provides flexibility, independence, and data
abstraction, allowing changes in one level without affecting the other levels.

By using the ANSI-SPARC architecture, database designers can modify or


enhance the database schema, optimize storage structures, or change user
interfaces without affecting the entire system, leading to better scalability,
maintainability, and adaptability.
It's important to note that the ANSI-SPARC architecture is a conceptual
framework and does not dictate a specific implementation or deployment
strategy. Actual database management systems (DBMS) may vary in their
implementation while adhering to the fundamental principles of the ANSI-
SPARC architecture.

MVC Architecture-

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