Distinguishing Writing

Patterns:
Comparison and Contrast,
Cause and Effect,
Problem-Solution, Persuasion
Activity Sheet in
Reading and Writing Skills 11

Quarter 3 . Week 3

PATRICIO T. DAWATON
Developer

Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet

Published by
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2021

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 Distinguishing Writing Patterns:
Comparison and Contrast,
Cause and Effect,
Problem-Solution, Persuasion
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1) examine aspects of a text to determine the writing pattern used,
2) write a paragraph using any of the patterns discussed, and
3) create a graphic organizer summarizing the main points of a given text.

In the previous lesson, four of the most common writing patterns (narration, description,
definition and exemplification /classification) were discussed. In this lesson, we shall
continue discussing four more writing patterns (comparison and contrast, cause and effect,
problem-solution, persuasion) that will help you sort out information and shape paragraphs
or essays.

A. Purpose
Comparison and Contrast to explain how two things are similar and different
Cause and Effect to determine how various phenomena are related
Problem-Solution to identify a problem and propose one or more solutions
Persuasion to convince readers to believe in an idea or opinion and to do an
action

B. Signal Words

Comparison and Contrast: on the contrary: on the other hand, however, otherwise, whereas,
Contrast still, yet
Comparison: as well as, both, like, in common with, likewise, also
Cause and Effect Because, Since, Consequently, This led to…, so If…, then, Nevertheless,
Accordingly, Because of, As a result of, In order to, May be due to, Yet, For
this reason, Not only…but also
Problem-Solution Question is…
Dilemma is…
The puzzle is…
To solve this…
One answer is…
One reason for the problem is…

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C. Graphic Organizers

Persuasion

https://jcurrylanguagearts.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/9/2/58921319/expository_short_texts.pdf.pdf

To learn more about the writing patterns, do the following activities.

ACTIVITY 1
Dissecting the Text

Identify what writing pattern is used in each the following texts, and plot the details in
an appropriate graphic organizer.

1. The modern Olympics is very unlike the ancient Olympic games. Individual events are different.
While there were no swimming races in the ancient games, for example, there were chariot races.
There were no female contestants and all athletes competed in the nude. Of course, the ancient and
modern Olympics are also alike in many ways. Some events, such as the javelin and discus throws,
are the same. Some people say that cheating, professionalism, and nationalism in the modern games
are a disgrace to the Olympic tradition. But according to the ancient Greek writers, there were many
cases of cheating, nationalism, and professionalism in their Olympics too.
(https://jcurrylanguagearts.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/9/2/58921319/expository_short_texts.pdf.pdf)

Writing pattern used: ____________________________

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 Summarize the main points of the text using an appropriate graphic organizer.

2. One problem with the modern Olympics is that it has become very big and expensive to operate.
The city or country that hosts the games often loses a lot of money. A stadium, pools, and playing
fields must be built for the athletic events and housing is needed for the athletes who come from
around the world, and all of these facilities are used for only 2 weeks! In 1984, Los Angeles solved
these problems by charging a fee for companies who wanted to be official sponsors of the games.
Companies, like McDonald's, paid a lot of money to be part of the Olympics. Buildings that were
already built in the Los Angeles area were also used. The Coliseum where the 1932 games were held
was used again and many colleges and universities in the area became playing and living sites.
(https://jcurrylanguagearts.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/9/2/58921319/expository_short_texts.pdf.pdf)

Writing pattern used: ______________________________

Summarize the main points of the text using an appropriate graphic organizer.

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 ACTIVITY 2

Check the Pattern

Choose one pattern from the choices that best matches the thesis statement.
A. Comparison and Contrast C. Cause and Effect
B. Persuasion D. Problem-Solution

1. Although Instagram and Twitter have significant similarities, they also have striking
differences.
2. Children today are increasingly overweight primarily due to overconsumption of highly
processed foods.
3. Due to increasing over-dependence on technology, many people struggle to think for
themselves. (https://www.kibin.com/essay-writing)
4. Childhood vaccinations should be mandatory, as they are safe, reduce the risk of illness,
and protect other people from contagious diseases. (https://www.kibin.com/essay-writing/)
5. An online education is just as valuable as a traditional education, as online courses
include the same content as traditional classes and have the added advantage of teaching
students the importance of time management.

ACTIVITY 3
USING PATTERNS IN YOUR DISCIPLINE

In one paragraph, briefly discuss a lesson in your specialized subjects using any of
the writing patterns previously discussed.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
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Your paragraph will be rated based on the rubric below.
Excellent Good Fair
Content 6 4 2
Several creative and original Some creative and original Does not have any or very few
ideas presented. Thoughtful ideas presented. creative or original ideas. The
thinking process is evident. writing pattern used in not
Writing pattern used is appropriate.
appropriate.

Conventions 4 3 2
There are no spelling and The are a few spelling and There are many spelling and
grammar errors in the project. grammar errors in the grammar errors in the project.
The student has taken the project. The student has not proofread or
time to proofread and edit The student has taken some edited their work.
their work with a high level of time to proofread or edit
success. their work with considerable
success.

https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=Y47596&sp=yes&

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Comparison and tells how something is like other things or how something is different from
Contrast other things

Cause and Effect details why something happens, what causes it, what are the effects and
how it is related to something else

Problem-Solution Identifies a problem and proposes one or more solutions

Persuasion describes an issue and your position or opinion on the subject

ANSWER KEY

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 REFERENCES
Excelsior Online Reading Lab. How to identify writing patterns. 2020.
https://owl.excelsior.edu/orc/what-to-do-after-reading/analyzing/writing-patterns/
Illinois Institute of Technology. Patterns of development in writing. 2019.
https://www.iit.edu/cac/writing-guides/writing-process/patterns-development-writing

Lachica, T. Lesson 4: Patterns of development in writing. 2017.

https://www.slideshare.net/tinelachica04/lesson-4-patterns-of-development-in-writing

OER Services. Patterns of development overview. (n.d.)

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-esc-wm-englishcomposition1/chapter/text-
rhetorical-modes/

Rcampus. Short paragraph writing assessment rubric. 2021.

https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=Y47596&sp=yes&

Rockowitz, A. The writing process. (n.d.) http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/rwc/repository/files/the-

writing-process/Rhetorical-Strategies/patterns-of-development.pdf

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