VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(AUTONOMOUS)
Affiliated to JNTUH, Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NAAC with A++ Grade, ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Kacharam, Shamshabad, Hyderabad – 501218, Telangana, India

A8001 – MATRICES ANDCALCULUS

Unit-III - Calculus
Mean Value Theorems
Rolle’s Theorem. Let a function f :[a, b]  R be such that
(i) f ( x) is continuous in [a, b]

(ii) f ( x) is differentiable in (a, b) and

(iii) f (a)  f (b) then there exists at least one c  (a, b) such that f (c)  0

Geometrical Interpretation of Rolle’s Theorem.

Geometrically three assumptions of Rolle’s theorem mean the following:
(i) The curve y  f ( x) is continuous in [a, b] (Having a continuous curve)

(ii) At every point x  c where a  c  b, at the point

(c, f (c)) on the curve y  f ( x), there is a unique

tangent to the curve.
(iii) The two end points of the curve y  f ( x) corresponding to x  a, x  b have the same ordinate i.e.,

they are at the same height with reference to the x  axis.

(iv) Under these assumptions, there is at least one point on the curve where the tangent is parallel to the
x  axis according to Rolle’s theorem.
Example 1. Verify Rolle’s Theorem for f ( x)  ( x  a ) m ( x  b) n in [a, b] ,where m , n are positive
integers.
Solution. Given f ( x)  ( x  a ) m ( x  b) n

i) f ( x) being a polynomial of degree (m  n), it is continuous in [a, b]

And f ( x)  m( x  a )m 1 ( x  b)n  ( x  a ) m n( x  b) n 1

 ( x  a ) m 1 ( x  b) n 1[m( x  b)  n( x  a )]

i.e., f ( x)  ( x  a )m 1 ( x  b)n 1[(m  n) x  (mb  na )], x  (a, b) (1)

ii) f ( x ) is derivable in ( a, b)

iii) f ( a )  0  f (b)

Thus, all the conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied in [ a , b ]

Therefore, there exist c  ( a, b) such that f (c )  0

Equation (1)  (c  a ) m 1 (c  b)n 1[(m  n)c  (mb  na )]  0

 ( m  n)c  (mb  na )  0  ( m  n )c  ( mb  na )
mb  na
c  (a, b)
mn

Department of Mathematics Page 1 of 14

Hence Rolle’s theorem is verified
Exercise
Verify Rolle’s Theorem for the following functions

sin x  x 2  ab 
1. in (0,  ) 2. log   in [ a , b ] ,where 0  a  b
ex  x ( a  b) 
2. ( x  2)3 ( x  3) 4 in ( 2,3) 4. e x (sin x  cos x) in ( 4,5 4)
x
5. x( x  3)e 2 in ( 3, 0)
6. Discuss the applicability of Rolle’s theorem for the following functions.
x2  4x
(i) f ( x )  tan x in [0,  ] (ii) f ( x )  in [0, 4] (iii) f ( x)  x3 in [0, 3]
x2
(iv) f ( x )  x in [ 1,1]

Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem (LMVT)

Let a function f :[a , b]  R be such that
(i) f ( x ) is continuous in [ a , b ]
(ii) f ( x ) is differentiable in ( a, b) then there exists at least one c  ( a , b ) such that
f (b )  f ( a )
f (c ) 
ba
Geometrical Interpretation of Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem
Geometrically, LMVT states that there is at least one point on the curve where the tangent to the curve
is parallel to the chord joining the end points A  a, f  a   and B  b, f  b   on the curve since the

slope at C  c, f  c    i.e., f (c )  is equal to the slope of the chord AB .

f (b )  f ( a )
i.e., f c  .
ba

Example 1. Verify Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem for f ( x )  x ( x  1)( x  2) in [0,1 2]

Solution. Given f ( x)  x( x  1)( x  2)  x3  3x 2  2 x

f ( x)  3x 2  6 x  2  x   0,1 2 

(i) Since f ( x ) being a polynomial, it is continuous in [0,1 2] and

(ii) f ( x ) differentiable on  0,1 2 

f (1 2)  f (0)
By LMV theorem, there exists c   0,1 2  such that f (c ) 
1 20

Department of Mathematics Page 2 of 14

 3 80
 3c 2  6c  2 
12
 3c 2  6c  2  3 4
 12c 2  24c  5  0

6  21
c
6
6  21
Clearly, c    0,1 2 
6
Hence LMV theorem is verified
Exercise
Verify Lagrange’s mean value theorem for the following functions and find the appropriate value of
c in each case.
1. f ( x )  ( x  1)( x  2)( x  3) in (0, 4) 2. f ( x )  sin x in [0,  ]

3. f ( x)  log e x in [1, e] 4. f ( x)  e x in [0,1]

5. If f ( x)  sin 1 x, 0  a  b  1, use Mean value theorem to prove that

ba ba
 sin 1 b  sin 1 a  .
1  a2 1  b2
ba ba
6. Prove that (if 0  a  b  1),  tan 1 b  tan 1 a  . Hence show that
1 b 2
1  a2
 3 4  1
  tan 1   .
4 25 3 4 6
ba b ba
7. Prove that  log    for 0  a  b.
b a a

Cauchy’s Mean Value Theorem (CMVT)

Let a function f :[a , b]  R be such that
(i) f ( x ) and g ( x ) are continuous in [ a , b ]
(ii) f ( x ) and g ( x ) are differentiable in ( a, b) and
f (c) f (b)  f (a )
(iii) g ( x )  0  x  ( a, b ) then there exists c  ( a , b ) such that 
g (c) g (b)  g (a )
Example 1. If f  x   x , g ( x)  1 x , prove that ' c ' of Cauchy’s mean value theorem is
the Geometric mean between a and b
Solution. Given f  x   x , g ( x)  1 x
Since [a, b]  R  , f ( x ) and g ( x ) are continuous in [ a , b ]
1 1
We have f   x   and g   x  
2 x 2x x
 f ( x ) and g ( x ) are differentiable in ( a, b) .Also g ( x)  0  x  ( a, b )
f (c) f (b)  f (a )
 By CMV theorem, there exists c  ( a , b ) such that 
g (c) g (b)  g (a )

Department of Mathematics Page 3 of 14

 1
i.e.,
2 c  b  a  c    a b 
1 1

1  a b
2c c b a
ab
 c  ab  ( a , b) ( ∵ a< ab  b )
Hence ' c ' is the geometric mean between a and b

Exercise

Verify Cauchy’s mean value theorem for the following functions

1. f ( x)  e x and g ( x)  e  x in [ a , b ] 2. . f ( x )  sin x and g ( x )  cos x in [ a , b ]
1 1
3. f ( x )  2
and g ( x )  in [ a , b ] where 0  a  b.
x x
1
4. f ( x)  log e x and g ( x )  in the interval [1, e]
x

Taylor’s Series:

 x  a  x  a  x  a
2 3

The series expansion f ( x)  f  a  f a f   a    f   a   ... is

1! 2! 3!
called Taylor’s series of f  x  in powers of  x  a  or about the point x  a .

Maclaurin’s Series:
x x2 x3
The series expansion f ( x)  f  0  
f   0  f   0   f   0   ... is called Maclaurin’s
1! 2! 3!
series of f  x  in powers of x or about the point x  0 .
 
Example 1. Find the Taylor’s series expansion f  x   sin x in powers of  x   or about the point
 2

x .
2
Solution. Taylor’s series of f  x  in powers of  x  a  or about the point x  a is given by

 x  a  x  a  x  a
2 3

f ( x)  f  a   f a  f   a   f   a   ...    1

1! 2! 3!
    
Where f ( x)  sin x and a   f    sin    0
2 2 2
   
f   x   cos x  f     cos    1
2 2
   
f   x    sin x  f      sin    0
2 2
   
f   x    cos x  f      cos    1 --- so on
2 2
Substitute these all in equation (1), we get

2 3
     
 x   x   x 
  2        
sin x  f    
2
f     
2
f    f     ...
2 1! 2 2! 2 3! 2
Department of Mathematics Page 4 of 14
 2 3
     
x  x  x 
sin x  0  
2
1   2   0    2   1  ...
1! 2! 3!
3 5
  1  1 
There fore sin x   x     x     x    ...
 2  3!  2  5!  2
Example 2. Find the Maclaurin’s series expansion f  x   e .
x

Solution. The Maclaurin’s series of f  x  is given by

x x2 x3
f ( x)  f  0   f  0  f   0   f   0   ......    1
1! 2! 3!
Where f ( x)  e x  f  0   e0  1
f ( x)  e x  f   0   e0  1
f ( x)  e x  f   0   e 0  1
f ( x)  e x  f   0   e0  1 --- so on
Substitute these all in equation (1), we get

x x2 x3
ex  a  1  1  1  ...
1! 2! 3!
2 3
x x x
There fore e x  1     ...
1! 2! 3!

Exercise

1. Find the Maclaurin’s series expansion of the following functions

(a). cos x (b) sinh x (c) tan 1 x
 1 x  x3 x5
(d) log 1  x  hence deduce that log    x    ... in [ a , b ]

 1 x  3 5
(e) esin x up to the term containing x 4
x x2 x4 ex 1 x x3
 
(f) Show that log 1  e x  log 2   
2 8 192
 ... , hence show that   
1  e x 2 4 48
 ...

(g) tan x up to the term containing x4

2. Expand e in powers of  x  1 using Taylor’s series.
x

 
3. Find the Taylor’s series expansion f  x   cos x in powers of  x   or about the point
 2

x .
2
4. Expand log e x in powers of  x  1 and hence evaluate log e 1.1 correct to 4 decimal places.

Department of Mathematics Page 5 of 14

 Special Functions
Evaluation of Improper Integrals:
Many integrals which cannot be expressed in terms of elementary functions can be evaluated in terms
of Beta and Gamma functions.

Gamma Function:


e
x
If n  0 , then the definite integrals x n 1dx is called gamma function and it is denoted by ( n)
0

and read as gamma n . i.e., 
 ( n)  e  x x n 1dx
0
Standard results:
1.  (1)  1



Proof: By definition ( n)  e  x x n 1dx
0


   
x 
(1)   e  x dx  e1   e   e0  1 ∵ lim e  x  0 
0
0  x  

2. ( n  1)  n  ( n) [Reduction Formula of  (n)]




Proof: By definition ( n)  e  x x n 1dx
0
 
(n  1)   e  x x n 11dx   e  x x n dx
0 0 v u

  
  xn
  
e x
1
   nx n 1
0   e1  dx 
x

0 

 [0  0]  n  e x x n 1dx  n (n)
0

Note: ( n)   n  1  ( n  1)
3.  ( n)  n ! when ' n ' is positive integer
Proof: We have ( n  1)  nn
 n  n  1   n  1
 n  n  1 n  2    n  2 
 n  n  1 n  2  n  3 ......n.1  1
 n!
 ( n  1)  n !
4.  ( n)  n  n  1 n  2  n  3 ......(n  k )  n  k  when ' n ' is positive fraction.
Proof: We have ( n  1)  nn
 n  n  1   n  1
 n  n  1 n  2    n  2 
 n  n  1 n  2  n  3 ......( n  k )  n  k 
Where  n  k  is the least positive real number.
  n  k  1
5. (n)  , when ' n ' is negative fraction.
n  n  1 n  2  n  3 .....  n  k 
Proof: We have  (n  1)  n ( n)

Department of Mathematics Page 6 of 14

  ( n)  n1   n  1 , n  0 ..... 1
Similarly,  ( n)  n1 . n11   n  2  , n  0, 1

2  
1  n  3 , n  0, 1, 2
 n1 . n11 . n
  n  k  1
 , n  0, 1, 2....  k
n  n  1 n  2  n  3 .....  n  k 
Where  n  k  1 is the least positive real number
Note: ( n) is not defined for n  0, 1, 2, 3,......
6. ( 12 )  

Proof: By definition (n)   e  t t n 1dt
0
 
  12    e t t 2 dt   e  t t 2 dt ....... 1
1 1 1 1

0 0

 Put t  x and dt  2 xdx

2

 
limits: if t  0 then x  0 and if t   then x   
 
  12   2  e  x dx ........  2  Similarly   12   2 e  y dy ..........  3

2 2
From (1), we get
0 0

   x2     x 2 
From (2) and (3), We get  1
2  1
2    2 e dx   2 e dx 
 0  0 

  12    4   e ( x dxdy........  4 
2 2
 y2 )

0 0

By changing into polar coordinates x  r cos  , y  r sin  and dxdy  rdrd

For the region of integration  varies from   0 to  and r  0 to 

2
  
2  2  2

  12    4    2r  e
2
   1d  
r2 r2
From (4), We get e rdrd  2 drd  2
  0 r 0  0 r 0  0

  12   
Example 1: Find i)   9  ii)  7
2
iii)  5
2     iv)  13
4  
Solution: i) We have (n  1)  n !
  9     8  1  8!
ii) We have ( n)   n  1   n  1
  72    72  1   72  1  52   52   52  52     52    52 32   32   52 32 12   12   158
1 1 
iii) We have  ( n )  n1   n  1

 
 25  15  25  1
2
   52   23   52 1   23  1  52 . 32   21 
3
2

 2 . 3 . 1
5 2 1   21  1  52 . 23 . 12   12   15
8 
2

iv) We have ( n )   n  1   n  1

  13 13
 9 9 9 9
 9 9 5 5
 
951 1 45

4  4  1  4  1  4  4  4 4  1  4  1  4 4  4  4 4 4  4  48  4
 13 1
        
Department of Mathematics Page 7 of 14
 

x e
6 3 x
Example 2: Evaluate dx
0


x e
6 3 x
Solution: Given that dx
0
y dy
[Put 3x  y  x  3  dx  3 limits: if x  0 then y  0 and if x   then y   ]
   

 
6 7 1
 x e dx    e  y  dy   e  y  7  6!  80
y dy 6 
6 3 x
3 e y 3  1
7
y 1
7
y
dy  1
7
1
7
 
3 3  
3 3 243
0 0 0 0


x
m 1  ax
Example 3: Evaluate e sin bx dx
0


x
m 1  ax
Solution: Given that e sin bx dx
0
ibx
We have e  cos bx  i sin bx  sin bx  I.P.of eibx
  

x
m 1  ax
e sin bx dx   e  ax
x m 1
 I.P of e  dx  I.P.of  e
ibx  ( a  ib ) x
x m 1 dx
0 0 0

[Put  a  ib  x  y  x 
y dy
 dx  limits:
 a ib  aib
if x  0 then y  0 and if x   then y   ]
  

   m 
m 1
 x e sin bx dx  I.P of  e e
m 1  ax y y dy y
== I.P of 1 y m 1dy  I.P of
0 0
a ib  a ib   ib 
a 
m

0
 aib
m

[Put a  r cos  , b  r sin  then a 2  b 2  r 2  r  a 2  b 2 , ba  tan     tan 1 ba ]  

 m   m   m   m eim
=I.P of m =I.P of m =I.P of m =I.P of m
m
 r   cos i sin   r   cos m i sin m    eim
r r 
=
 m 
r 
m I.P of eim =
 m
r 
m sin m where r  a 2  b 2 ,  tan 1 ba  
1

 log  
m 1
1
Example 4: Evaluate y dy
0
1

 log  
m 1
1
Solution: y dy
0

 
[Put log 1y  x  y  e  x and dy  e  x dx limits: if y  0 then x   and y  1then x  0 ]
1 0 

     x
m 1 m 1
 log 1
y dy   e x dx   x m 1e  x dx    m 
0  0

Exercise:
1. Find i)  10  ii)  9
4   iii)  7
3   iv)  11
2  
  
 x2 4  x4 2 x 2
2. Evaluate the following i) 
0
xe dx ii) x e
0
dx iii) e
0
x 7 dx

 
c  bx 2
iv)  cxx dx
0
v) a
0
dx


4
3. Show that  4xx dx  log4
0
5!

5

Department of Mathematics Page 8 of 14

 
4 x 2 
4. Show that 3
0
dx  14 log3

 
 x2   x2
5. Show that  e dx  2 .Hence evaluate
0 
e dx

   p 
p 1
y
q 1
6. Show that log 1
y dy  q p , p, q  0
0
1 1
n  1n n! 3
 x  log x  dx   x  log x  dx
m
7. Prove that n1 , n  Z  , m  1 and hence Evaluate
0  m1 0
4
4 3
1
3

8. Show that x log x dx 
1 3 4
0

Beta Function:
1
n 1
 x 1  x 
m 1
If m, n  0 , then the definite integrals dx is called beta function and it is denoted by
0
1
n 1
  m, n  and read as beta m, n. i.e.,   m, n   x m 1 1  x   dx
0
Standard results:

1. Symmetry of Beta function   m, n     n, m 

1
n 1
Proof: By definition   m, n    x m 1 1  x  dx
0

 Put x  1  y and dx   dy 
limits: if x  0 then y  0 and if x  1then y  0 
 
0

 1  y  1  (1  y)
m 1 n 1
= (dy )
1
0
m 1 n 1
  1  y  1  1  y  (dy )
1
1
m 1
  y n 1 1  y  dy    n, m 
0

   m, n     n, m 

2
2. Beta function in terms of trigonometric functions   m, n   2  sin
2 m 1
 cos
2 m 1
 d
0
1
  m, n    x m 1 1  x 
n 1
Proof: By definition dx
0

 Put x  sin 2  and dx  2sin  cos  d 

  
limits: if x  0 then   0 and if x  1then   2 

2
 (sin
m 1
 2
) (1  sin 2  ) n 1 2sin  cos  d
0

2
  m, n   2  sin 2 m 1  cos 2 m 1 d
0

Department of Mathematics Page 9 of 14

 
2
p 1 q 1
Note: put 2m  1  p and 2n  1  q  m  2 , n 2 in   m, n   2  sin
2 m 1
 cos
2 m 1
 d
0

2
We get   p 1 q 1
2 , 2   2  sin p  cos q  d
0
Others forms of Beta Function
 
xm1 n1
Form -I:   m, n    (1 x )mn
dx   (1xx )mn dx
0 0
1
n 1
Proof: By definition   m, n    y m 1 1  y  dy
0

 Put y  1 x and dy  1 2 dx
1 
(1 x )
 
limits: if y  0 then x   and if y  1then x  0 
0

  1  11x 
m 1 n 1
  m, n    11 x 1 dx
(1 x )2

 
n1
   11x   1xx 
m 1 n 1
1 dx   (1xx )mn dx
(1 x )2
0 0

By Symmetry of Beta function   m, n     n, m 


m1
  (1x x )mn dx
0
1
x m 1  x n 1
Form -II:   m , n    (1 x ) m  n
dx
0

y n1
Proof: By Form -I, we have   m, n   (1 y )mn dy  0
1 
y n1 y n1
  m, n    (1 y )mn dy   (1 y )mn dy --------(1)
0 1

y n1
Consider 
1
(1 y )mn
dy

 Put y  1x and dy  12 dx 

 x 
limits: if y  1 then x  1 and if y   then x  0 
n1 n1
0
 x1  1 dx 
0
 x1 


1  1 1x 
mn
x2  1 1 mn x21 dx

1 

x 
1
m1
  x mn dx --------(2)
0
1 x 
1 1
y n1 m1
Substitute (2) in (1), We get   m, n    (1 y )mn dy   x mn dx
0 0
1 x
1
x m 1  x n 1
 m , n    (1 x ) m  n
dx
0

Department of Mathematics Page 10 of 14

   m    n
Relationship between Beta and Gamma Functions   m , n  
  m  n

Proof: By definition of gamma function (n)   e  t t n 1dt
0

 Put t  x and dt  2 xdx2


 
limits: if t  0 then x  0 and if t   then x   


 
n 1
 ( n)   e  x x 2
2
2 xdx
0

 2  e  x x 2 n 1dx
2

 
  n   2  e  x x 2 n 1dx ........ 1 Similarly   m   2 e  y y 2 m 1dy ........  2 

2 2
we get
0 0

   x2 2 n 1     y 2 2 m 1 
From (1) and (2), We get   n    m    2 e x dx   2 e y dy 
 0  0 

  n    m   4  e ( x
2
 y2 )
x 2 n 1 y 2 m 1dxdy -------(3)
0 0

By changing into polar coordinates x  r cos  , y  r sin  and dxdy  rdrd

For the region of integration  varies from   0 to  and r  0 to 

2

2 
  n   m  4   e  r cos    r sin  
r2 2 n 1 2 m 1
From (3), We get rdrd
 0 r 0

2 
4  e
r2
r 2( m  n ) 1 cos2 n1  sin 2m1  drd

0 r 0

 2   r  
 2  e r2
r 2( m  n )1dr   2  cos 2n 1  sin 2m 1  d 
  0   r 0 

  n    m    ( m  n )  ( m, n )
 ( m  n)
  ( m, n ) 
 n  m
1

 x (1  x) dx
5 3
Example 1: Evaluate
0
1
n 1
Solution: By definition, we have   m, n   x m 1 1  x   dx
0
1
  6   4 5!3! 1
 x (1  x) dx   (6, 4)   
5 3

0
(6  4) 9! 509

2
Example 2: Evaluate 
0
tan  d

Department of Mathematics Page 11 of 14

  
2 2
1 1
Solution: 
0
tan  d   sin
0
2
 cos 2
 d


 2 
 We know that 

 p 1 q 1
2 , 2   2  sin p  cos q  d where p= 1 2 , q  1 2 

 0



    3 4    14 
2 1 1
21
 
1 1
 2  sin 2  cos 2  d  12 
1
2
2 , 2  12  34 , 14  12
0 (1)

 12   3 4    1 4   12   1 4   1  1 4   12  2
sin 4
Exercise:
1 a 2 3

 1 dx
 x a  x dx iii)  x 3 8  x 3 dx  1 dx
4 2 2
9. Evaluate i) ii) iv) v)
0
1 x4 0 0 0
9 x2
 

 1xx6 dx  x1xx30 dx
10 18
vi)
0 0
  
2 2 2 5
 cot  d ii)  
8
10. Evaluate i) cos  d iii) sin 3  cos 2  d
0 0 0

m1
11. Show that  (axbx)mn dx  an1bm  (m, n)
0
b

 ( x  a)
m 1
12. Show that (b  x) n 1dx  (b  a ) m  n 1  (m, n)
a
1 1

x (1  x ) dx in terms of gamma function and hence evaluate  x (1  x )

m n p 5 3 10
13. Express dx
0 0
1 1
14. Show that  x2 dx   1 dx  
0
1 x 4 0
1 x 4 4 2
1 1
15. Show that  x2 dx   1 dx  4
0
1 x 4 0
1 x 4
 
2 2
d  sin  d   
16. Show that 
0
sin  
0
2 1

 8  x  dx using    functions
3 3
17. Evaluate
0

Answers:

 ( 14 )
1. i) ii) 32
a6 iii)  iv)  v)  vi) 0
4 ( 3 ) sin(  ) 2 33
4 3
2
 1 
 ( ) 
2. i) 2  3
ii) 35 8
iii) 77 1
5. i) 396 9. 2 
256 3 ( 2 )
3

Department of Mathematics Page 12 of 14

 Short answer Questions
The value of ‘c’ of CMV theorem for f  x   e x and g  x   e  x in  2, 6 is
1.
A) 4 B)5 C)3.5 D)4.5
2. Discuss the applicability of Rolle’s theorem for the function f ( x)  tan x in [0,  ] not differetiable

The value of ‘c’ of Rolle’s Theorem for cos x in   ,  is

3.
A)  3 B)  4 C)  6 D) 0
4. Discuss the applicability of Rolle’s theorem for the function f ( x )  x 3 in [0, 3]

5. Discuss the applicability of Rolle’s theorem for the function f ( x )  x in [ 1,1]

If f (0)  1, f (0)  0, f (0)  1, f (0)  0, f (0)  1........ then f ( x) 

' '' ''' iv

6. x2 x4 x x 2 x3 x 4 x2 x4 x3
A) 1    ... B) 1      ... C) 1    ... D) x   ...
2! 4! 1! 2! 3! 4! 2! 4! 3!
The value of ‘c’ of Lagrange’s mean value theorem for f  x   log x in 1,e is
7.
C)  e  1
1
A) e B) e  1 D) e 1
The value of ‘c’ of Rolle’s Theorem for f ( x )  cos 2 x in [, ] is
8.
A) 3 B)  / 4 C)  / 6 D) 0
 x2
The value ‘c’ of Rolle’s Theorem for the function f ( x )  e in [ 2, 2] is
9.
4 2 4
A) e B) e C) e D) 0
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Rolle’s theorem is not applicable for f ( x)  x in  1,1
2

x x2 x3
10. B) f ( x )  f  0   f   0  f   0   f   0   ... is called Maclaurin’s series expansion
1! 2! 3!
C) Rolle’s theorem is applicable for f ( x)  sec x in [0, 2 ]
D) Cauchy’s mean value theorem reduces to Rolle’s Theorem when g ( x)  x .
 11 13 
The value ‘c’ of LMVT for the function f  x   x  3x  1 in 
3
, is
11.  7 7 
A) 0 B) 1 C) 1 D) 1
If f & g are differentiable functions in  0,1 satisfying f  0   2  g 1 , g  0   0 and f 1  6 , then

12. for some c   0,1

A) 2 f   c   g   c  B) 2 f   c   3 g   c  C) f   c   g   c  D) f   c   2 g   c 
1 1
The value of c of Cauchy mean value theorem for the functions and 2 in  4, 6 is
13. x x
A) 4.8 B) 5 C) 4 D) 6
Find the value of c which satisfies the Mean Value Theorem for the given function,
f  x   x 2  2 x  1 on 1, 2 
14.
3 7 13 13
A) B) C) D)
2 2 2 2
15. Find   9 

16. Find   72  

Department of Mathematics Page 13 of 14

17. Find  11
2  


18. Evaluate  e x x 6 dx
0

19. Evaluate  e  x x 4 dx
0

20. Define Gamma Function

21. Define Beta Function
22. Write the relation between Beta and Gamma functions.
23. Write the Beta function in terms of trigonometric functions.

2

 sin  cos 4  d 
2

24. 0

   
A) B) C) D)
2 12 22 32
1

 x 1  x 
5
7
dx 
25. 0

A)   6,8  B)   5, 7  C)   4,8 D)   6, 7 


e
x
x 5 dx 
26.
0

A) 16 B) 9 C) 8 D) 15

1
e
x
x 2 dx 
27. 0

1
A)  B) 2 C) 1 D)
2
1

 x 1  x  dx 
0
28.
1 1 1 1
A) B) C) D)
2 12 24 6

Department of Mathematics Page 14 of 14