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Database Languages in DBMS

The document outlines the various types of database languages used in a Database Management System (DBMS), including Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language (DML), Data Control Language (DCL), and Transaction Control Language (TCL). DDL is used for defining database structures, DML for accessing and manipulating data, DCL for managing user permissions, and TCL for managing transactions. Each language includes specific commands for performing various tasks related to database management.

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9 views

Database Languages in DBMS

The document outlines the various types of database languages used in a Database Management System (DBMS), including Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language (DML), Data Control Language (DCL), and Transaction Control Language (TCL). DDL is used for defining database structures, DML for accessing and manipulating data, DCL for managing user permissions, and TCL for managing transactions. Each language includes specific commands for performing various tasks related to database management.

Uploaded by

sohaibdxb080
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Languages in DBMS

o A DBMS has appropriate languages and interfaces


to express database queries and updates.
o Database languages can be used to read, store
and update the data in the database.

Types of Database Languages

1. Data Definition Language (DDL)

o DDL stands for Data Definition Language. It is


used to define database structure or pattern.
o It is used to create schema, tables, indexes,
constraints, etc. in the database.
o Using the DDL statements, you can create the
skeleton of the database.
o Data definition language is used to store the
information of metadata like the number of tables
and schemas, their names, indexes, columns in
each table, constraints, etc.
Here are some tasks that come under DDL:

o Create: It is used to create objects in the


database.
o Alter: It is used to alter the structure of the
database.
o Drop: It is used to delete objects from the
database.
o Truncate: It is used to remove all records from a
table.
o Rename: It is used to rename an object.
o Comment: It is used to comment on the data
dictionary.

These commands are used to update the database


schema that's why they come under Data definition
language.

2. Data Manipulation Language (DML)

DML stands for Data Manipulation Language. It is used


for accessing and manipulating data in a database. It
handles user requests.

Here are some tasks that come under DML:

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o Select: It is used to retrieve data from a database.
o Insert: It is used to insert data into a table.
o Update: It is used to update existing data within a
table.
o Delete: It is used to delete all records from a
table.
o Merge: It performs UPSERT operation, i.e., insert
or update operations.
o Call: It is used to call a structured query language
or a Java subprogram.
o Explain Plan: It has the parameter of explaining
data.
o Lock Table: It controls concurrency.

3. Data Control Language (DCL)

o DCL stands for Data Control Language. It is used


to retrieve the stored or saved data.
o The DCL execution is transactional. It also has
rollback parameters.

(But in Oracle database, the execution of data


control language does not have the feature of
rolling back.)

Here are some tasks that come under DCL:

o Grant: It is used to give user access privileges to a


database.
o Revoke: It is used to take back permissions from
the user.

There are the following operations which have the


authorization of Revoke:

CONNECT, INSERT, USAGE, EXECUTE, DELETE, UPDATE


and SELECT.

4. Transaction Control Language (TCL)

TCL is used to run the changes made by the DML


statement. TCL can be grouped into a logical
transaction.

Here are some tasks that come under TCL:


o Commit: It is used to save the transaction on the
database.
o Rollback: It is used to restore the database to
original since the last Commit.

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