» Planning and Sustainable Development In India > Resource planning isan Important process for judicious use of resources. This is even more important In 2 country with diversified resources lke india. There ls an Urgent need for resource planning at national, regional ‘and local levels in our country, The technique adopted For appropriate use of resources Is called resource planning, > Resource planning at the national, state and local level isa complex tesk, which has the Following steps « Identifying and tabulating resources in different regions of the country, making regional survey maps qualitative and quantitative estimation of resources and they haveto be measured. To prepare appropriate technology, skills and Institutional planning Framework for implementing resource development plans, «To coordinate resource development plans and national development plans. > Target Area Planning > Planning commission Introduced the ‘target area’ and target group approaches to planning. Some of the examples of programmes directed towards the development of target areas are Command Area Development Programme, Drought Prone Area Development Programme, Hill Area Development Programme. The Small Farmers Development Agency and Marginal Farmers Development Agency. > Inthe 8th Five Year Plan special area programmes were designed to develop infrastructure in hill areas, north: easter states, tribal areas and backward areas. > Hill Area Development Programme > Hill Area Development Programmes were initiated during the Sth Fiver Year Plan covering 15 districts comprising all the hilly districts of Uttar Pradesh (present Uttarakhand). Mikir Hill and North Cachar Hills of Assam, Darjeeling district of West Bengal and Nilgiri istrict oF Tamil Nadu. > The National Committee on the Development of Backward Area in 1981 recommended that all the hill ‘areas in the country having height above 600m and not ‘covered under tribal sub-plan be treated as backward hill areas, > Drought Prone Area Programme > This programme was initiated during the 4th Five Year Plan with the objectives of providing employment to the people in drought-prane areas and creating productive assets EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET ee Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context Fastracl« Revision > The Natlonal Cammittee on Development of Backward ‘Areas reviewed the performance of this programme. > Since growing population pressure In forcing the society to utilse the marginal lands For agriculture, and there by causing ecological degradation, there Is need to create alternative employment opportunities in the drought prone areas, > The Planning Commission of India (1967) Identified 67 districts (entire or partly) of the country prone to drought, The Irrigation Commission (1972) introduced the criterion of 30% irrigated area and demarcated the drought prone areas, NITIAayog > India has adopted the concept of centralised planning after Its independence. This planning was done by the Planning Commission until 4st January, 2015, > On 1st January the Central Government established the new body known as the NITI Aayog or National Institution For Transforming India, > The idea behind tho establishment of this body is to ensure inclusive growth For all the sections of society ‘and create a platform For a cooperative Federalism, > Case Study on Target Group Area Planning, Bharmaur Region > Physical Sotting of Bharmaur Region: This region lies between 32°11" N and 32°41" N latitudes and 76'22° ‘and 76°53" € longitudes, Spread over an area of about 1818 sq. km, the region mostly les between 1500 m to 3700 m above the mean sea level > This region is popularly known as the homeland of Gaddis (a tribal community) and Is surrounded by lofty mountains on all sides. It has Pir Panjal In the North and Dhauladhar in the South. In the East, the extension of Dhauladhar converges with Pir Panjal near Rohtang pass. > The river Ravi and Its tributaries, the Budhil and the Tundahen, drain this territory and carve out deep, gorges, > These rivers divide the regian into four physiographic divisions called Holi, Khani, Kugti and Tundah areas. Bharmaur experiences freezing weather conditions ‘and snowfall in winter. Monthly temperature in January remalns 4°C and In July itis 26°C. > The Bharmaur tribal area comprises of Bharmaur and Holi Tehslls of Chamba district af Himachal Pradesh.ee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET > Ibis @ notified tribal area since 21st November, 1975, It is inhabited by Gaddi, a tribal community that hava maintalned a unique and distinct identity in the Himalayanregion because they practiced ranshumance and communicated through Gaddiali dialect. Underdeveloped Economy of Bharmaur > Harsh climate, low resource base and fragile environment influence the economy and society of the region, It Is one of the most economically and sodally backward areas of Himachal Pradesh. > The Gaddishave experienced geographical and political Isolation and socio-economic deprivation. The economy Is largely based on agriculture and allied activities such as sheep and goat rearing. According to 2011 census, the total population of Bharmaur sub-division was 39,113 that is 21 persons per sq km. Integrated Tribal Dovelopment Project (ITDP) In Bhormaur > In 1970s, Gaddis were Included In the list of scheduled tribes andinthe same porlod, the development process. of tribal area of this region started. > Laterin 1974, under the Fifth Five Year Plan, the tribal sub-plan was introduced and Bharmaur was designated as one of the five Integrated Tribal Development Projects (ITDP) in Himachal Pradesh. > Achlovements of ITOP Tha main achievements of the ITDP were: > Development of infrastructure Le, schools, healthcare facilities, potable water, roads, communications and electricity supply. > villages located along the river Ravi in Holl and Khani areas were Main beneficiaries of infrastructural development, > There has been tremendous Increase in tteracy rate, eg, the Female literacy rate in the region has increased From 1.8836 in 1971 to 65% in 2011. > Decline in gender inequality ie, difference between male and Female literacy rate has declined > There has been improvement in the sex-rato and child rmarrlages declined > Traditionally, the Gaddis have been subsistence agriculturists and pastoralists, mainly focussed on Foodgrains and livestock population, But during the last three decades of the twentieth century, production of cash crops and pulses have increased. > The importance oF pastoralism In the economy has declined as now only about one-tenth of the total households practise transhumance Evolution of the Concept of Sustainable Development > Concept of Sustainable Development : The concept of sustainable development evolved due to general rise in the awareness of environmental issuesinthe late 1960s in the Western world. It reflected the concerns of people about the undesirable effects of industrial development on environment. > Publication of Tha Population Bomb by Paul R. Ehrlich in 1968 and The Limits to Growth by Dennis Meadows, and others In 1972 ralsed the level of fear among the environmentalists and the people. This set the stage for the emergence of new models of development under the broad term ‘sustainable development. » Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area > Case Study on Sustainable Development: This project, conceived by Kunwar Sain in 1948, was launched fon 31st March, 1958. The canal ariginates at Harike Barrage in Punjab and runs parallel to Pakistan Border for a distance of 40 km In Thar desert (Marusthall) of Rajasthan. > The total planned length of the system Is 9060 km, FulFiling the irrigation needs of a total culturable command area of 19.63 lakh hectares. The canal works con two types of irrigation systems, Flow irrigation system and lift irrigation system, In the lift, canal water Is UiFted up to make It Flow against the slope oF the land. > llthe ifeconals of thissystem originate at theleft bank Cf main canal while all the canals on the right bank of ‘main canal are flow channels. Out ofthe total command area, 70% was targeted to be Irigated by Flaw system and the rest by lift system. The construction of this canal has been carrled out in two stages. > Stage I: In First stage, It covered the command areas. ‘oF Ganganagar, Hanumangarh and Northern part of Bikaner districts. Its culturable command area is 5.53 lakh hectares, having gentle undulating topography. In this stage, the Irrigation system was Introduced In early 1960s, > Stage I Thisstage covered 14.10 lakh hectares culturable command area of Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Sarmer, Jodhpur, Nagpur and Churu districts ‘The main characteristics of the cultural command area of stage Il are: ‘¢ Hot desert with shifting sand dunes. ‘¢ Summer temperature upto S0°C. « Irrigation system was Introduced In this stage In smid-1980s. Positive and Negative Effects The Introduction of canal irigation In this dryland has changed its ecology, economy and society. The environment of the region has been influenced by this project both positively and negatively. > Positive Effect: Due to the canal irrigation, there is sufficient soll moisture available Far a longer duration and various afforestation and pasture development programmes have led to greening of land. It has resulted in a considerable reduction In wind erosion and siltation of canal systems. > Negative Effect: ue to intensive irrigation and excessive use of water, an alarming rate of water logging and soil salinity have been recorded. ‘Measures Far Promotion of Sustainable Development > The first requirement is strict implementation of water management policy. The canal project envisages protective irrigation in Stage-! and extensive irrigation (of crops and pasture development in Stage: > In general, the cropping pattern shall not include water Intensive crops. It shall be adhered to and people shallEERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET be encouraged to grow plantation crops such as citrus Frults > The CAD programmes such as lining of water courses, land development and levelling and warabandi system shall be effectively implemented to reduce the conveyance loss of water. > The area affected by water logging and soll salinity shall be reclaimed. > The eco-development through afforestation, shelterbelt plantation and pasture development is necessary particularly n the Fragile environment of Stage-t > The social sustainability in the region can be achieved only if the land allottees having poor economic background are provided adequate financial and institutional support For cultivation of land. > The economic sustainability in the region cannot be attained only through development of agriculture and animal husbandry. The agricultural and allied activites have to develop along with other sectors of economy. nen Practice Exercise @ Multiple choice Questions w QL Which of the following plan was introduced to improve the conditions of roads in India aftor independence? a. Flve Year Road Plan Ten Venr Road Plan b. Nagpur Plan cd Twenty Year Road Plan Q2 Which one of the following is not true about Bharmaur Tribal region? (case 2028) This region comprises. of Bharmour and Hol Tehsil of Chamba district. b Its not a notified tribal area [tis mainly inhabited by the Gadel tribal community, 4. The tribals practice transhumance. 3. Which of the following statement is NOT true regarding the Indira Gandhi Canal? (cs 2023) a. It was previausly known as the Rajasthan Canal b. Itoriginates at the Marka barrage in Punjab. The canal almost runs parallel to Pakistan border. 4, Rajasthan Is least benefitted by this canal Q4. Which of the following commisslon replaced ‘Planning Commission’? (case 2023) a. Electlon Commission b. NITI Aayog Law Commission ——_d. Education Commission QS. Inwhich state is Bharmaur Tribal Region situated? a. Uttarakhand bb. Jammu & Kashmic Himachal Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Q6. What should be the helght of an area in the hill area development programme? a. 500 metres 600 metres 700 metres 1d. 800 metres Q7. In how many districts, drought-prone areas are identified? a 47 b.57 67 a7 Q8. From which Barrage, India Canal has been taken out? 2. Bhakra b. Nangat Harlke . Theln Q9. Which one of the following is the most crucial factor for sustainable development In Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area? ‘a Agricultural devolopment . Ecorevelopment Transport development d. Colonisation of land. QD. Think about the following statement(s) about sustainability. (1) It describes a process or situation that can last endlessly. (ii) Natural resources must be used in a way that does not result in ecological debts due to overexploltation of the Earth’ carrying and productive capacities. (ili) Keeping the whole natural capital base above its current level Is crucial for long term sustainability, a. Only (ip b. Only (u) Bath (i) and (tl) . (i (W) and (a) QUL Match Column | with Column Il and select the correct answer from the codes given below the columns. Column | Column It Gustainable (Related with) Development. Goal (S06)) ‘A. $0610 1. Climate change 8. S0G13 2. Life on tand ©. $0614 3, Reduced inequalities 0. $0615 4, Life below water AB CO al2a34 bo3a21 ca 14 d24 1‘€) Assertion & Reason type Questions Wy Directions (Q. Nos. 12-13): in the questions given below, there are two statements marked os Assertion (A) and Reason (Read the statements and choose the correct option: a. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) Is the correct ‘explanation of (A). b. Both (A) and (R) are true. but (R} Is nat the correct. ‘explanation of (A. (A) istrue. but (Rs false. 4. (A) Is false, but (A) is true, 12, Assertion (A): Development is dynamic and complex in nature. Reason (R): The objective of planning Is to utilise rosources in sustainable mannor. 13, Assertion (A): There Is an urgant need to conserve mineral resources in India. Reason (R):For sustainable development, economic growth must be integrated with environmental concerns, Answers v 1@) 20 3a) 4 8 (0) Bi) 721) Bl (2) 1 id) Wie) (0) 13. (a) <) Passage Based Questions w Passage 1 Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow by choosing the most appropriate option. Indira Gandhi Canal, previously known as the Rajasthan Canal, is one of the largest canal systems in India. Conceived by Kunwar Sain in 1948, the canal project was launched on 31 March, 1958, The canal originates at Harike barrage in Punjab and runs parallel to Pakistan border for a distance of 40 km in Thar desert (Marusthali) of Rajasthan. The total planned length of the system is 9,060 km catering to the irrigation needs of a total culturable command area of 19.63 lakh hectares. Out of the fotal command area, about 70% was envisaged to be irrigated by flow system and the rest by lift system. The construction work of the canal system has been carried out in two stages. The command area of Stage-I lies in Ganganager, Hanumangarh and Norther part of Bikaner districts. It has @ gently undulating topography and its culturable command area is 5.53 lakh hectares. The command area of Stage-II is spread over Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur, Nagaur and Churu districts EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET ee a 2. a3. a4. covering culturable command area of 14.10 lakh hectares. It comprises desert land dotted with shifting sand dunes and temperature soaring to 50°C in summers. In the lift canal, the water is lifted up to make it to flow against the slope of the land. All the lif canals of Indira Gandhi Canal system originate at the left bank of main canal while all the canals on the right bank of main canal are flow channels. Irrigation in Stage-I command area of the canal was introduced in early 1960s, whereas the command area of Stage-II begun receiving irrigation in mid 1980s, The introduction of canal irrigation in this dry land has transformed its ecology, economy und society. It has influenced the environmental conditions of the region, both positively as well as negatively. The availability of soil moisture for a longer period of time and various afforestation and pasture development programmes under CAD have resulted in greening the land. This has also helped in reducing wind erosion and siltation of canal systems, But the intensive irrigation and excessive use of water has led to the emergence of twin environmental problems of water logging and soil salinity The Indira Gandhi Canal originates in which of the following states? a, Rajasthan Punjab ©. Haryana d.Uttar Pradesh Which of the following has been a negative effect of Indira Gandhi Canal? a, Decreasing soll moisture b, Defarestation «. Water sanity d All of these Which among the following has been the advantage of introducing irrigation through Indira Gandhi Canal area? a. Increasing agricultural productivity b. Increasing crop Intensity © Botha. and b. d. Water logging Which of the following type of erosion has been prevented with the introduction of Indira Gandhi Canal? 2. Soll erosion '. Wind erosion © Glacial erosion d, Fluvial erosion Answers v LO 2 3 40)‘€) Assertion & Reason type Questions Wy Directions (Q. Nos. 12-13): in the questions given below, there are two statements marked os Assertion (A) and Reason (Read the statements and choose the correct option: a. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) Is the correct ‘explanation of (A). b. Both (A) and (R) are true. but (R} Is nat the correct. ‘explanation of (A. (A) istrue. but (Rs false. 4. (A) Is false, but (A) is true, 12, Assertion (A): Development is dynamic and complex in nature. Reason (R): The objective of planning Is to utilise rosources in sustainable mannor. 13, Assertion (A): There Is an urgant need to conserve mineral resources in India. Reason (R):For sustainable development, economic growth must be integrated with environmental concerns, Answers v 1@) 20 3a) 4 8 (0) Bi) 721) Bl (2) 1 id) Wie) (0) 13. (a) <) Passage Based Questions w Passage 1 Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow by choosing the most appropriate option. Indira Gandhi Canal, previously known as the Rajasthan Canal, is one of the largest canal systems in India. Conceived by Kunwar Sain in 1948, the canal project was launched on 31 March, 1958, The canal originates at Harike barrage in Punjab and runs parallel to Pakistan border for a distance of 40 km in Thar desert (Marusthali) of Rajasthan. The total planned length of the system is 9,060 km catering to the irrigation needs of a total culturable command area of 19.63 lakh hectares. Out of the fotal command area, about 70% was envisaged to be irrigated by flow system and the rest by lift system. The construction work of the canal system has been carried out in two stages. The command area of Stage-I lies in Ganganager, Hanumangarh and Norther part of Bikaner districts. It has @ gently undulating topography and its culturable command area is 5.53 lakh hectares. The command area of Stage-II is spread over Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur, Nagaur and Churu districts EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET ee a 2. a3. a4. covering culturable command area of 14.10 lakh hectares. It comprises desert land dotted with shifting sand dunes and temperature soaring to 50°C in summers. In the lift canal, the water is lifted up to make it to flow against the slope of the land. All the lif canals of Indira Gandhi Canal system originate at the left bank of main canal while all the canals on the right bank of main canal are flow channels. Irrigation in Stage-I command area of the canal was introduced in early 1960s, whereas the command area of Stage-II begun receiving irrigation in mid 1980s, The introduction of canal irrigation in this dry land has transformed its ecology, economy und society. It has influenced the environmental conditions of the region, both positively as well as negatively. The availability of soil moisture for a longer period of time and various afforestation and pasture development programmes under CAD have resulted in greening the land. This has also helped in reducing wind erosion and siltation of canal systems, But the intensive irrigation and excessive use of water has led to the emergence of twin environmental problems of water logging and soil salinity The Indira Gandhi Canal originates in which of the following states? a, Rajasthan Punjab ©. Haryana d.Uttar Pradesh Which of the following has been a negative effect of Indira Gandhi Canal? a, Decreasing soll moisture b, Defarestation «. Water sanity d All of these Which among the following has been the advantage of introducing irrigation through Indira Gandhi Canal area? a. Increasing agricultural productivity b. Increasing crop Intensity © Botha. and b. d. Water logging Which of the following type of erosion has been prevented with the introduction of Indira Gandhi Canal? 2. Soll erosion '. Wind erosion © Glacial erosion d, Fluvial erosion Answers v LO 2 3 40)()) Strict Implementation of Water Management Policy The fiest requirement is stect implementation af water management policy, The canal envisages protective Irigation In stage | and extensive irrigation of crops and pasture development in stage I ‘Modifications in Cropping Pattern: The cropping pattern shall not include water intensive crops. People shall be encouraged to grow plantation crops such as citrus fruits (Ul) Effective Implementations of CAD Programmes: The CAD programmes such as Uning of woter Courses. land_development and levelling and abandl system (equal distribution of canal Water In the command area of outlet) shall bbe_offectively implemented to_reduce the 3. Explain the main aims of Bharmaur Tribat Area Development plan. Ans, The main alms and priorities of this project were as follows: (0 Improving the quality of Ufe ofthe Gods (i) Narrowing the gap In the level of development between Bharmaur and other districts of Himachal Pradesh (ii) The highest priority was on development of transport and communication. agriculture and allied activities as well as social and community services. {W) To utlise local resources nan efficient manner. (v) Tocreate new opportunities for the people 4. Discuses the social bonofits of tribal sub-pian in ‘the Bharmaur region. Ana, Social benefts of trital sub-plan ware as follows: (i) There's tremandous increase In lteracy rate, 24. ‘ie Torna Tracy rate Tn the rian rereaned Conveyance loss of water, (lv) Reclaiming of Affected Aroas: The _arcos affected by water logging and soll salinity shall be reclaimed (v) Provision of Adequate Support to Poor Land Allottees: The social sustainability in the region can_be achieved only if the land _allottees having poor economic background are provided ‘adequate financial and Instltuvlonal support for cultivavon of land. Q2. Write in brief about the physical setting of Bharmaur regions. ‘Ans. The physical setting of Bharmaur region is discussed below ()) This reglon es between 32° 1 N and 32° 41 N iatitudes, and 76° 22" € and 76" 53 € longitudes (W) Spread over an area of about 1816 sq km. the region mostly Ues between an altitude of 1500 1m to 3700 m above the mean sea level (il) This region is popularly known as the homeland of Gaddis (a tribal community) and is surrounded by lofty mountains on all sides (iv) It has Pir Panjal Range in_the North ond Ohavladhar Range in the South (&) In the €ast the extension of Dhauladhar Range converges with Ple Panjal near Rohtang pass (vi) The river Ravi and its tributaries the Budhit and the Tundahen, drain this territory and carve aut deep gorges. (ui) These rivers divide the region into four pphyslographic divisions called Hol. Khani, Kugtl and Tundah areas. (vil) Bharmaur experiences freezing weather Conditions and snowfall in winter. {(W) Its means monthly temperature remains 4°C in January and 26°C in July. EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET ee from 188% In 1971 t0 65% in 2700 (W) Deciine in gender inequalty Te, the ditterence between male _and female titeracy rate has declined (W) improvement in_sex-ratlo, decline In_child marriages. = (iu) Bune Soc foclties Uke education and health are were improved (v) The vulnerable sections of the soclery was benefitted by this plan 5. What were the shortcomings of Integrated Tribal Development Project in Bharmaur? Ans, The shortcomings of Integrated Tribal Development Project in Bharmaur are as follows: (i) In tecms of infrastructural facilites. the remate ‘villages in Tundah and Kugti areas are stil not ‘Seveloped. (i) The method of crop cultivation Is still traditional innature (l) Even though pastoralism has declined. still a ‘Sizeable portion ofthe Goddls migrate to Kangra ‘and surrounding areas in order to_earn vig Famtiage ues dung ie Gu season {iv) was not implemented equally in the whole region (v) All_the problems of the raglon were not ‘padcabhed yr ehes pare Q6. Explain any three achievements of Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area Project. Ans, The three achievements of Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area Project are () Availabilty of Irrigation Facilities: After the construction of the ingira Gandhi Canal. Irrigation faclities are avalable over_an_area_of 6.770 ‘square Km in Jaisalmer district and 37 square km in Barmer district. (i) Transformation of Barren Deserts: The canal has transformed the barren deserts of Rajasthan into fertile preen fieldsee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET (ii) Provision of Water for Various Uses: Besides providing water for agriculture. the canal Supplies drinking water to thousands of people in far-flung areas. Q7. Givea brief account ofthe two stages of development of Indira Gandhi Canal Project. ‘Ans, ‘The construction work of the canal system has been ‘carried out through two stages: Stage i The command area of stage | los in Gangonagar, Hanumangarh_and_Northern_part Of Bikaner distrcts. it has a gontly undulating topography and its culturable command area Is 553 lakh hectares, Stage i: The command area of stage Il Is spread cover Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur. Nagpur ‘and Churu districts, covering o culturable command ‘area oF 1410 lakh huctaras. it comprises desert Lond dated with shifting sand dunes and temperature Soaring to 50°C In summars 6. Describe five main points of Intogratd Tribal Development Project implemanted In Bharmaur region. ‘Ans. Following step are takan for the attainment of tribal sub-plan strategy: (i) Improving the quality of life of the Gaddis and ‘narrowing the gop in the level of development between Bharmaur_and other districts _of Himachal Pradesh (i) The highest priority was on the develapment af iransport_ and communication, agriculture and allied activities as well as social and community services. (i) Improvernent_in_ the basic infrastructure _of health case facilties:_potable water supply. Schools. transport and communication, training marketing, credi_and electricity supply. eg. villages located along the river Ravi in Holl ‘and Khani areas are main beneficiaries of infrastructural development () Employment generation through agricultural allied activities ike horticulture, animal husbandry ‘and cottage Industry (v) The Godel had traditionally subsistence agriculture cum pastoral econamy, Later on. during the last three decades of the 20th century, pulses and ‘other cash crops became one of the main crops of this region, ) Long Answer type Questions QL Discuss the effects of Indira Gandhi Canal on ‘environment and agriculture. ‘Ans. The effects of Indira Gandhi Canal on environment ‘canbe understood as the environment of the region hhas been Influenced by this project, both positivel and negatively 2, Ans Positive Effects () Due to canal irrigation there is sufficient soll moisture available for a longer duration (i) Various afforestation and pasture development programmes have led to greening of land (iil) It has resulted in a considerable reduction in wind erosion and siltation of canal system. Negative Effects Problems of water logging and soil salinity have been witnessed due to intensive Irrigation and excessive use of water. The effects of Indira Gandhi Canal on agriculture can. be understood as the agriculture of the region has bboen influenced by this project. both positively and ‘egatively. Positive Effects ()) Introduction of canal irrigation has ted to_an increase in cultivated land and Intensity of cropping (W) Main commercial crops Le. wheat, rice cotton ‘and groundnut have replaced drought resistant crops lke gram. bajo and jowar. Negative Effacts ()) Intensive irrigation has become a cause of water {logging and soll salinity. (W) This may hamper sustainability of agriculture in future, Attalning sustainable development In the command area requires major thrust upon the measures to achieve ecological sustainability. Highlight the measures proposed to promote sustainable development in the command area of Indira Gandhi Rajasthan Canal. (ca€ $99 2022 Term2) The measures proposed to promote sustainable development in the command area are meant to restore ecological balance are {) The first requirement Is strict implementation cof water management policy, The canal project envisages protective irrigation in Stage-| and extensive irrigation of crops and pasture development in Stage-t (i) in general the cropping pattern shall not include water intensive crops. shall be adhered to and people shall be encouraged to grow plantation crops such as citrus fruits, (ii) The CAD programmes such as lining of water fourses. land development and leveling and Warabandl system (equal distribution of canal water In the command area of outlet) shall be effectively Implemented to reduce the Conveyance los5 of water (iv) The areas affected by water logging and soll salinity shall be reclaimed.ee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET (¥) The_eco-development_through afforestation Shelter belt plantation and pasture development is necessary particulary inthe Fragle environment of Stages (ul) The social sustainability in the region can be achieved only if the land allottees having poor economic background are provided adequate (vil) The economic sustainability in the region cannot be attained only through development fof agriculture and animal husbandry. The agriculture and alled activities have to develop along with other sectors of the econamy. This shall lead to diversification of economic base and establishment _of functional Unkages between Financial and institutional support for cultivation basic villages. agro-service centers and market of tang. ‘conters. a Chapter Test Multiple Choice Questions QL. What should be the helght of an area in the hill area development programme? a. 500 metres b. 600 metres 700 metres d. 200 metres 2. Which one of the following is the most crucial factor for sustainable development in Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area? a. Agricultural development '. €co-development Transport development d. Colonisation of land Assertion and Reason Type Question 3 In the question given below, there are two statements imorked os Assertion (A) ond Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option Assertion (A): Development is dynamic and complex in nature. Reason (R): The objective of planning Is to utilise resources in sustainable manner. a. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) Is the correct explanation of (A). b. Bath (A) and (A) are true. but (R} snot the correct explanation of (A) € (Ais true, but (®) Is false. 4. (A)/s false. but (R) is tue. Passage Based Question Q4. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow The process of development of tribal area of Bharmaur started in 1970s when Gaddis were included among ‘scheduled tribes’. Under the Fifth Five Year Plan, the tribal sub-plan_ was introduced in 1974 and Bharmaur was designated as one of the five Integrated Tribal Development Projects (ITDP) in Himachal Pradesh. This aren development plan was aimed at improving the quulity of life of the Gaddis and narrowing the gap in the level of development between Bharmaur and other areas of Himachal Pradesh, This plan laid the highest priority on development of transport and communications, agriculture ‘and allied activities and social and community services. The most significant contribution of. (ribal development sub-plan in Bharmaur region is the development of infrastructure in terms of schools, healthcare facilities, potable water, roads, communications and electricity, But the villages located along the river Ravi in Holi ‘and Khani areas are the main beneficiaries of infrastructural development. The remote villages in Tundah and Kugti areas still do not have sufficient infrastructure. (I) Why is it necessary to develop infrastructural facilities for integrated development of a region? Explain. (li) Mention the main objective of integrated tribal development project’ in Bharmaur region. (ili Explain the outcome of tribal development sub-plan in this region. Very Short Answer Type Questions QS. What environmental problems are being faced at Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area? Q6. How has the Gaddi tribal community of Bharmaur region maintained a distinct identity? Short Answer Type Questions Q7. Write In brief about the physical setting of Bharmaur regions. 8. What were the shortcomings of Integrated Tribal Development Project in Bharmaur? Long Answer Type Question Q9. Attaining sustainable development in the command area requires major thrust upon the measures to achleve ecological sustainability. Highlight the measures proposed to promote sustainable development in the command area of Indira Gandhi Rajasthan Canal.